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Chongqing Qiuer Restaurant is famous for its chicken soup. Many friends who love chicken soup like their "stewed chicken soup" and "stewed chicken soup with cuttlefish". I don’t know if you have noticed, but the chicken soup in Qiuer Restaurant is different from other chicken soups in Chongqing, and it is even more different from all kinds of chicken dishes which are famous for their popularity and heavy taste. Yes, the chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion is now in the southwest. However, tracing back to the source, this bowl of chicken soup, which has won many times as a "famous snack" in Chongqing, is actually delicious from the north, with royal blood flowing on its body.

The story begins more than a hundred years ago.

Mikuriya chuan craft

At present, the signboard of Qiuer Pavilion reads "1949 Secret Chicken Soup" in black and white, but the secret history of this bowl of chicken soup is even earlier.

During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Li Laosan, a native of Baxian County, Chongqing, was a good cook. In his early years, he was elected as a chef in the imperial dining room of Beijing Palace, and the dishes he made were all kinds of dishes, which was deeply appreciated by Emperor Guangxu. In particular, the chicken soup stewed by the "Imperial Copper Furnace Stewing Chicken Method" was more popular with Emperor Guangxu.

After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest in Yingtai. Li Laosan lost his main client and could only work as a cook in the ordinary kitchen in the palace, with no future. When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi fled the capital with Emperor Guangxu and a group of ministers, not to mention those other people in the palace. Li Laosan was forced to leave the palace and make a living by himself. However, he has no relatives and friends in Beijing, and he has no business capital. He can’t display his good cooking skills, so he has to live in a small restaurant run by Han people in the south of the city to help him do odd jobs and make ends meet.

One day, a military attache named Hande said came to the small restaurant. This man, whose ancestral home is Yidu, Hubei Province, was admitted to the Governor’s Office as a bodyguard when Zhang Zhidong was governor of Huguang. Because of his loyalty and outstanding martial arts, he won Zhang’s trust and was employed for a long time. Zhang Zhidong was promoted to minister of military affairs and took office in Beijing. Hande said that he would accompany him.

Hand said that he happened to eat in this small restaurant that day and chatted with Li Laosan. He lamented that he had a good cooking skill, so why not open his own shop? Knowing Li Laosan’s difficulties, Hande recommended it to Zhang Zhidong to make Li Laosan a full-time chef in the Military Minister’s Office. Li Laosan re-displayed the craftsmanship in the Qing Palace, and Zhang Zhidong ate three meals a day and kept it in the government with a high salary.

Shortly after Zhang Zhidong’s death, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and Emperor Xuantong abdicated. The former military minister’s office was dissolved, and the guard Hande said that both Li Laosan and the chef were repatriated to their original places. Hande said that he would return to Hubei to continue to be a soldier in the new army, while Li Laosan returned to his hometown of Ba County. When leaving, in order to thank Hande for his help, Li Laosan passed on the secret of "Stewing Chicken in Imperial Copper Furnace" in Qing Palace. The bronze stove that was brought out of the palace and engraved with the words "Guangxu Imperial Chef" was also presented. Li Laosan later died of illness in his hometown of Ba County.

Dajiangkai restaurant

Hande called Ben a samurai and served in the army for a long time. At first, he didn’t have the idea of opening a restaurant. It’s just that he also likes cooking and moves around with the army. As long as the environment is stable and his family is reunited, he always cleans up the imperial copper stove and cooks a chicken to comfort himself and his family.

Twenty years later, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, and Hande said that he had participated in the front-line anti-Japanese war with the army and had experienced the test of bullets and was promoted to major general brigade commander. Later, the 10th National Army he served suffered heavy casualties and was scattered in Henan. Hande said that he retired to Chongqing with the commander of the army. The 10th Army is a local miscellaneous army, which has always been excluded by the Huangpu clique. After the army broke up, it was quickly revoked by the Military Commission, and the commander was transferred to other posts, while the rest of the officers were discharged. Hande, who lost his military post, said he had to find a job for himself. He used his savings for many years to open a small restaurant named "Qiu San Guan" in the Xinsheng Market in Chongqing (now the location of Jie Fangbei Meimei Times Department Store).

Many people don’t understand the name of this restaurant and ask about its origin. Hande said that he laughed at himself: "I was born as a soldier, and I was a soldier." Now that I am not a soldier, there are three left after Qiu Ba retired, so I am called Qiu San. "

The main recipes of Qiusan Pavilion are stewed chicken soup and noodle soup. He displayed the bronze stove of "Guangxu Imperial Chef" presented by Li Laosan in the store, and the gold plaque of "Qing Palace Imperial Chef" hung in the main hall was particularly eye-catching. At the beginning of his business, he personally took charge, from material selection to stew. In the production, he applied the secrets taught by Li Laosan to practice and strived for perfection.

Hande said that strict rules should be followed. One is strict selection of materials, and domestic chickens with a growth period of not less than 9 months must be used. Secondly, it is carefully processed. Killing the chicken can’t choke blood, and depilation can’t hurt the skin. First, soak the chicken in cold water to remove fishy smell, gradually heat it, remove the blood bubbles, and then rinse it. The third is to ensure the original flavor, stew 10-15 chickens in a large pot, add Li Laosan’s secret ingredient, and never add water halfway. Fourth, the heat is strict. Boil it with a big fire, and then simmer it slowly with a small fire (in the past, alcohol was used as fuel and put it in a copper furnace to control the firepower), which usually takes four hours. The fifth is rationing, which is sold in the morning at night and in the afternoon at morning. In order to ensure the quality, each chicken is only sold in 4 portions, with two legs and two wings and a chest. The sixth is to pay attention to the beauty of food, with large celadon bowls, soup filled with 80%, plump and fresh, high quality and mellow taste.

According to the records, the store is listed in the store every day, and it is clearly stated: "Today, there are 40 stewed chicken soup, each of which is priced at one yuan and fifty cents; 80 portions of stewed chicken noodles, each priced at 50 cents; 80 portions of sea cucumber chicken soup noodles, 35 cents each, while stock lasts. " No matter how good the business is, it will not increase the supply. Such a price was high at that time, but diners rushed to buy it, and even dignitaries sent servants to the store to serve soup. Usually it will be sold out in less than an hour in the morning and afternoon, and many people come here and leave disappointed.

After just four years of opening, Hande said that he earned a lot of money. On the eve of liberation, he transferred the store to his disciple and buddy and went back to his hometown in Yidu, Hubei Province to recuperate.

Minister for dinner.

Hande said that he had accepted six disciples and taught the secrets to disciples Wang Zhankui, Li Xudong, Zhao Shaowu and others. Since then, Li Xudong passed Luo Zhifang; Luo Zhifang also passed on Kang Changrong and Gong Zhiping.

Starting from Li Xudong, the Qiusan Pavilion was split, and the Qiuer Pavilion continued to this day.

It turns out that Hande said that after leaving Chongqing, his inheritors Wang Zhankui, Li Xudong, Zhao Shaowu and others disagreed and broke up. Wang Zhankui, the eldest disciple, became the boss of Qiusan Pavilion, while Li Xudong, Zhao Shaowu and others also set up their own stalls and shops, and opened a shop on Qingnian Road, which was named Qiuer Pavilion. Chongqing is commonly known as "Qiuer", which not only shows that its founders were originally wage earners, but also implies that its inheritance is related to Qiuer Pavilion.

△ Ren Baige

In 1952, Qiuer Pavilion was moved to Wuyi Road for operation, facing the Qing Theater (later changed to Wuyi Cinema). At that time, Ren Baige, then the propaganda minister of Chongqing Municipal Committee, was very concerned about sorting out and modifying the traditional repertoire of Sichuan Opera. In his spare time, he often went to the "Chongqing Theater" to watch plays, and after reading it, he also held a live meeting to make comments and suggestions. When Bai Ge returned from a business trip, he went to the theatre without eating dinner. During the intermission, he went to the "Qiu Er Guan" to buy a bowl of noodles, saying that there was soup and noodles to solve his hunger and thirst.

Once renamed and closed down.

In 1956, it was a public-private partnership, and the Qiuer Pavilion was gradually nationalized. In 1972, Qiusan Pavilion was removed due to the adjustment of commercial outlets and merged into Qiuer Pavilion, and its main store was moved to Heping Road.

During the Cultural Revolution, the name of "Qiuer Pavilion" was once renamed as "brand-new food shop", but it was only restored in 1979, and the variety increased, including shredded chicken, spicy chicken pieces, chicken soup wonton soup, etc., and the business became more prosperous. At that time, Qiuer Pavilion had become the most well-known time-honored store, but during 1994-1998, the Wuyi Road area was built and Qiuer Pavilion was built. In 1999, it reopened in Xiaomi City and was also included in the state-owned enterprises. In the six years after 2005, 8 stores were opened in various districts of Chongqing.

In 1958, 1964, 1980 and 1984, Qiuer Restaurant Stewed Chicken Soup was rated as "Special Flavor", "Famous Snack" and "Famous Snack" in Chongqing for four times. In 2001, it was rated as a famous restaurant in Chongqing. In September, 2000, it won the title of "Chinese Famous Snack", and in 2009, the secret stewed chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion was officially listed in Chongqing’s "Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List".

Persistence and innovation　

From the imperial delicacies of Emperor Guangxu, to the delicacies of ordinary people, from the "royal copper furnace chicken stew method" to the secret chicken stew soup, this bowl of chicken soup has passed through the temples and rivers and lakes for a hundred years. Nowadays, the citizens who eat the chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion will be amazed. A bowl of chicken soup that looks very clear can eat a strong fragrance. As a municipal intangible cultural heritage, the stewed chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion does have a secret. Now, the person who inherits this secret is Gong Zhiping, the fourth generation successor and chef of Qiuer Pavilion.

Gong Zhiping, a national first-class cook (the highest technical level in the Chinese food industry), was awarded the Golden Chef Award by the China Cuisine Association in June 2014 for his contribution to the protection of the intangible cultural heritage of the chicken stew in Qiuer Restaurant.

What contribution did Gong Zhiping make?

Before cooking chicken stew, it was hung in a copper stove. He boldly put forward innovation. In order to solve the problem that copper will decompose some harmful substances when it meets high temperature, he changed the copper furnace into a casserole, and the secret process took more than 4 hours.

More importantly, after consulting with the great chefs and adding his own experience in Sichuan cuisine for more than 30 years, Gong Zhiping boldly changed the original stewed chicken into a cock-hen stew, which enhanced the fragrance of the cock and the freshness of the hen. His bold and unique approach has made the chicken soup boiled out highly recognized by fellow masters.

As a generation of catering master, Gong Zhiping said that there is no trick to stew chicken soup. The key is to stew it with your heart. For example, in the selection of materials, chickens that are a few months old will definitely not work, and chickens that are at least one year old will not be added with any food additives. Even salt is not advocated. Therefore, there is always a bottle of seasoning salt on the dining table of Qiuer Pavilion. Customers who need it can put it themselves. "With additives, chicken soup can become very white in two minutes, while the chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion is clear and oily, but it tastes mellow and sticky." Gong Zhiping said that few restaurants are willing to simmer chicken soup for more than 4 hours.

At the same time, in order to make the chicken taste more delicious, he said, the chicken soup in Qiuer Restaurant is first boiled with a big fire, after removing the blood bubbles, then simmered with a small fire, and then the whole chicken is removed and simmered separately, so that the chicken tastes soft and won’t get old.

"If you keep stewing with a big fire, the chicken will taste very old; In order to save time, some restaurants fish up the chicken and pat it to make it soft. " Gong Zhiping said,If there is a secret to chicken stew, then the greatest secret is heart..

Information sources: chongqing morning post, Chongqing Political Consultative Conference Daily, Dayu.com, Baidu Encyclopedia, Public Comment Network, Baijiahao "Donglian Xiaole", etc.

On the evening of January 10th, the age spy war drama "Perfect" was launched on the whole network as scheduled by Li Lu, the gold medal director who directed the hit drama "in the name of people", and Zhang Yong, the gold medal screenwriter who created "The Pretender". In this play, Bai Hongbiao, a powerful actor who has made a deep impression in many excellent spy works, joined in and played Kourong, the chief of the spy department with keen detection. In the first episode broadcast last night, he staged a "train game" with the seniority group played by Lu Yi, and the wonderful interpretation left the audience wanting more.　

"Perfect" stars gathered in Bai Hongbiao to become the finishing touch.

In the plot broadcast last night, Bai Hongbiao’s few scenes vividly portrayed a section chief of the Special Service Department whose duty was to investigate and kill "Communists". Kou Rong, played by Bai Hongbiao, is ruthless as a villain. In the face of the target of investigation, he attacks steadily, and his eyes are like eagles and leopards. During the search, blazing with anger uses the momentum to attack and quickly identify suspicious objects, so that Lu Yi, who is in the same box, can perceive the danger and respond quickly to save his companions. Bai Hongbiao is immediately alert. If there is a seemingly "professional fake smile" and slow and powerful Taiwanese words, the audience is also on the scene. The sharp and shrewd eyes seem to hit people’s hearts directly. Through excellent interpretation,

"Perfect" is the final work of Zhang Yong’s spy war trilogy after "The Hair-trigger" and "The Pretender". As a spy war suspense masterpiece, it has attracted much attention since its preparation. Compared with other works of the same type, it is a group drama, and its cast includes Lu Yi, michael, LULU, Hu Haifeng, Zhang Zhi Xi, Zhu Gangriyao, Monica and so on.　

Take care of the classic spy war and the excellent work of the police and robbers.　

For many years, Bai Hongbiao has appeared in many spy wars and gangster films, and is also a "familiar face" in major classic screen dramas. Conquest, starring with Sun Honglei, is one of Bai Hongbiao’s representative works. Han Yueping, a loyal yellow-haired boy, is definitely a man with a strong character, and Bai Hongbiao brings his distinctive character into full play. In the TV series "Snow Leopard", Bai Hongbiao made Liu San, a patriotic "thief", come alive, and Liu San’s character of heavy affection and righteousness can be said to be the true color of white and red. In 2014, Bai Hongbiao was selected as the best actor in the 27th Golden Eagle Award for his role of "Lao Wu" in "The Hero of the Generation", which proved his strength and told the audience that he was a trustworthy actor with the quality of his works. Last year’s broadcast of "Next Stop, Farewell", Bai Hongbiao’s slick acting performance as a big cat was ironic, and Bai Hongbiao used a few eye language and a few lines to bring the characteristics of the characters to the screen.

Bai Hongbiao always carefully pondered every role through his own efforts, and successfully portrayed every role vividly. With the appearance of the white and red label, the word "quality" of "Perfect" is even more blessed, and I look forward to Bai Hongbiao’s follow-up wonderful interpretation.

Model picture Basic parameter Range Rover 2014 3.0 SCV6 Vogue Creation Extended Edition Range Rover 2014 3.0 SC V6 Vogue SE Range Rover 2013 5.0 SC V8 AB respects the Creation Edition. Range Rover 2014 5.0 SC V8 AB Peak Creation Extended Edition Manufacturer’s guide price 1.768 million 1.708 million 2.798 million 3.298 million Dealer quotation manufacturer Land Rover (Import) Land Rover (Import) Land Rover (Import) Land Rover (Import) grade Medium and large SUV Medium and large SUV Medium and large SUV Medium and large SUV Energy type petrol petrol petrol petrol Environmental protection standard Ou v Ou v Ou v Ou v Time to market 2014.05 2013.06 2012.11 2014.05 Maximum power (kW) 250 250 375 375 Maximum torque (n m) 450 450 625 625 engine 3.0T 340 HP V6 3.0T 340 HP V6 5.0T 510 HP V8 5.0T 510 HP V8 gearbox 8-speed manual integration 8-speed manual integration 8-speed manual integration 8-speed manual integration Length * width * height (mm) 5199*1983*1866 4999*1983*1867 4999*1983*1867 5199*1983*1866 Body structure 5-door 5-seat SUV 5-door 5-seat SUV 5-door 5-seat SUV 5-door 5-seat SUV Maximum speed (km/h) 210 – 225 225 Official 0-100km/h acceleration (s) 7.8 – 5.4 5.8 Measured 0-100km/h acceleration (s) 7.28 6.62 – – Measured braking at 100-0km/h (m) 40.27 38.69 – – NEDC comprehensive fuel consumption (L/100km) 11.1 – 14.2 13.1 Measured fuel consumption (L/100km) – 16.07 – – Vehicle warranty Three years or 100 thousand kilometers Three years or 100 thousand kilometers Three years or 100 thousand kilometers Three years or 100 thousand kilometers Warranty policy for the first car owner – – – – bodywork Range Rover 2014 3.0 SCV6 Vogue Creation Extended Edition Range Rover 2014 3.0 SC V6 Vogue SE Range Rover 2013 5.0 SC V8 AB respects the Creation Edition. Range Rover 2014 5.0 SC V8 AB Peak Creation Extended Edition Length (mm) 5199 4999 4999 5199 Width (mm) 1983 1983 1983 1983 Height (mm) 1866 1867 1867 1866 Wheelbase (mm) 3122 2922 2922 3122 Front track (mm) 1690 1690 1690 1690 Rear wheel track (mm) 1683 1683 1683 1683 Minimum ground clearance under full load (mm) 222 222 222 222 Body structure SUV SUV SUV SUV Number of vehicles (units) five five five five Number of seats (units) five five five five Tank volume (l) 105 105 105 105 Trunk volume (l) 909-2345 550-2030 550-2030 909-2345 Curb quality (kg) 2445 – 2330 – engine Range Rover 2014 3.0 SCV6 Vogue Creation Extended Edition Range Rover 2014 3.0 SC V6 Vogue SE Range Rover 2013 5.0 SC V8 AB respects the Creation Edition. Range Rover 2014 5.0 SC V8 AB Peak Creation Extended Edition Engine model 306PS 306PS – – Displacement (mL) 2995 2995 5000 5000 Displacement (l) 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 Air intake form mechanical supercharging mechanical supercharging mechanical supercharging mechanical supercharging Engine layout – – – – Cylinder arrangement form V V V V Number of cylinders (each) six six eight eight Number of valves per cylinder (units) four four four four Compression ratio – – 9.5 9.5 admission gear DOHC DOHC DOHC DOHC Cylinder diameter (mm) – – 92.5 92.5 Travel (mm) – – 93 93 Maximum horsepower (Ps) 340 340 510 510 Maximum power (kW) 250 250 375 375 Maximum power speed (rpm) 6500 6500 6000-6500 6000-6500 Maximum torque (n m) 450 450 625 625 Maximum torque speed (rpm) 3500-5000 3500-5000 2500-5000 2500-5000 Maximum net power (kW) – – – – Fuel form petrol petrol petrol petrol Fuel label No.95 No.95 No.95 No.95 Oil supply mode Direct injection Direct injection Direct injection Direct injection Cylinder head material aluminium alloy aluminium alloy aluminium alloy aluminium alloy Cylinder block material aluminium alloy aluminium alloy aluminium alloy aluminium alloy Environmental protection standard Ou v Ou v Ou v Ou v gearbox Range Rover 2014 3.0 SCV6 Vogue Creation Extended Edition Range Rover 2014 3.0 SC V6 Vogue SE Range Rover 2013 5.0 SC V8 AB respects the Creation Edition. Range Rover 2014 5.0 SC V8 AB Peak Creation Extended Edition Number of gears eight eight eight eight Gearbox type AutomATic manual transmission (at) AutomATic manual transmission (at) AutomATic manual transmission (at) AutomATic manual transmission (at) abbreviation 8-speed manual integration 8-speed manual integration 8-speed manual integration 8-speed manual integration Chassis steering Range Rover 2014 3.0 SCV6 Vogue Creation Extended Edition Range Rover 2014 3.0 SC V6 Vogue SE Range Rover 2013 5.0 SC V8 AB respects the Creation Edition. Range Rover 2014 5.0 SC V8 AB Peak Creation Extended Edition type of drive front engine front engine front engine front engine Four-wheel drive form awd awd awd awd Central differential structure Multi-disc clutch Multi-disc clutch Multi-disc clutch Multi-disc clutch Front suspension type Double wishbone independent suspension Double wishbone independent suspension Double wishbone independent suspension Double wishbone independent suspension Rear suspension type Multi-link independent suspension Multi-link independent suspension Multi-link independent suspension Multi-link independent suspension Type of assistance Electric booster Electric booster Electric booster Electric booster Car body structure Bearing type Bearing type Bearing type Bearing type Wheel braking Range Rover 2014 3.0 SCV6 Vogue Creation Extended Edition Range Rover 2014 3.0 SC V6 Vogue SE Range Rover 2013 5.0 SC V8 AB respects the Creation Edition. Range Rover 2014 5.0 SC V8 AB Peak Creation Extended Edition Front brake type Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Rear brake type Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Parking brake type electrical parking brake electrical parking brake electrical parking brake electrical parking brake Former tyre size 275/45 R21 275/45 R21 275/45 R21 275/45 R21 After tyre size. 275/45 R21 275/45 R21 275/45 R21 275/45 R21 Spare tire specification full-scale full-scale full-scale full-scale

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The length, width and height of the Accord are 4980*1862*1449 mm and the wheelbase is 2830 mm, which brings spacious interior space and stable driving posture. The side lines of the car are smooth, and the overall shape is elegant and dynamic. The front tread is 1600 mm and the rear tread is 1620 mm, which provides good handling and stability for the car. Tyre size is 225/50 R17, with unique rim design, which not only enhances the sense of movement of the vehicle, but also enhances the grip and handling performance.

Accord’s interior design is exquisite and elegant, and the whole car is made of luxurious materials, creating a comfortable and elegant driving atmosphere. The steering wheel is made of leather, which is comfortable and stable. It is equipped with manual up-and-down and forward-and-backward adjustment functions, so that the driver can adjust the appropriate position as needed. The size of the central control screen reaches 12.3 inches, and it integrates the voice recognition control systems such as multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, which is easy and quick to operate. In addition, there are enough USB and Type-C interfaces in the car, two in the front row and two in the back row, which is convenient for passengers to charge devices such as mobile phones. The seat is made of imitation leather, which has good comfort and durability. The main seat supports front and back adjustment, backrest adjustment and height adjustment (4 directions), while the auxiliary seat can adjust front and back and backrest to meet the riding needs of different passengers. The overall reclining function of the rear seats also provides passengers with more storage space.

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"Bear, bear, why are you sad?" The seal patted the polar bear on the shoulder and asked.

The polar bear cried, "Global warming, rising sea level, something is going to happen …"

The seal mused, "Are you worried about the decrease of glaciers? Solar radiation? Or is the fish swimming deep and the rice is not enough? "

The polar bear wiped her tears and said, "No, my daughter-in-law suddenly asked me today, if the glacier melts, your mother and I will fall into the water at the same time. Who will you save first?"

If the above is a humorous story, then the real climate warming is a severe and cold realistic dilemma. Perhaps the legal hunting in the world today is the biggest factor that directly threatens the survival of seals, but the warming of climate change is an untimely bomb that will soon lead to the extinction of seals and even the entire marine life species.

Why do seals stay on ice floes?

When it comes to seals, everyone will think of their rounded figure and cute appearance lying on ice floes, but why do seals like to stay on ice floes so much?

　

Spotted Seals on Broken Ice (Source/Director Panjin Tian Jiguang, China Spotted Seal Reserve)

Ice floes are very important for many marine mammals living near the poles. Ice floes are not only a shelter for seals, but also a place for them to rest and hunt nearby. If there is no floating ice in an area, seals must travel long distances to other coasts to find floating ice. This process will be a great challenge to the physical strength of seals, and at the same time it will reduce the possibility of their survival in harsh environment.

Ice floes are a relatively safe place for seals, which can keep them away from predators, especially in the breeding season of seals. Many seals will give birth and raise their cubs on the ice floe. When the baby seals grow up, they will stay alone on the ice floe, while their mothers will go to the neighborhood for food.

According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, the decrease of sea ice means the decrease of ringed seals’ habitat. The rupture of the ice may lead to premature birth of mother seals and the mortality of newborn cubs will also increase. If autumn and winter were quite warm, the ice would become soft and thin. If baby seals were born on such floating ice, there would probably not be enough time for weaning, which would lead to their inability to survive.

Adult seals also need to stay on the ice floes to avoid predators, and at the same time, it is convenient for them to feed. Small crustaceans and fish often shuttle around the edge of ice floes, which are the food sources of harp seals. These "glutinous rice cakes" stay on the floating ice and can easily prey. However, if the amount of sea ice decreases, it means food shortage.

There are 6 species of seals in the Arctic and 4 species in the Antarctic. Among them, ringed seals, bearded seals and Weddell seals all depend on floating ice, and they live on and around floating ice almost all their lives.

It is precisely because of this dependence on ice floes that people have increased the protection of bearded seals. Although the number of bearded seals is relatively large at present, with the intensification of global warming, the number of ice floes is bound to drop sharply, and it is urgent to protect these seals who depend on ice floes for survival.

Climate change has led to the mass extinction of seals.

A study shows that during a climate change about 8,000 years ago, the Antarctic elephant seal acquired a new habitat, and when the climate changed again about 1,000 years ago, the elephant seal in this large habitat was almost completely extinct.

A press release issued by Durham University in the United Kingdom said that an international research team led by researchers from Durham University used gene technology to analyze some elephant seal residues found along the coast of Victoria, Antarctica. The results showed that the DNA in the samples was highly diverse, indicating that this area was once a large-scale elephant seal habitat. But now there is no elephant seal living in this area, and the nearest elephant seal habitat is 2500 kilometers away from here.

Further analysis shows that this is because a climate change about 8000 years ago caused the Antarctic ice sheet to shrink and formed this habitat. Due to the good environment and abundant food, elephant seals quickly migrated here and formed a large population. However, about 1000 years ago, the climate changed again, and the ice sheet "made a comeback". Except for a few elephant seals who returned to their original homes, most elephant seals in this area died out with environmental changes.

Arctic sea ice melts seals into American "refugees"

Greenland seals usually come to the sea ice off the east coast of Canada every spring to mate and reproduce, and migrate northward when the temperature rises gradually. However, more and more seals are now coming and staying on the east coast of the United States, and they can reach Carolina as far as the south, which is far from their destination. Studies have shown that with the shrinking sea ice area in the North Atlantic, the number of seals stranded on the east coast of the United States has soared, and most of them are either dead or in very poor health.

　

This study is currently published in the academic journal PLOSONE. Brianne Soulen, a biologist at the University of North Texas, one of the authors of the paper, said that the reduction of sea ice area should bear most of the responsibility for the detention of seals. According to statistics, most of the stranded seals are young seals, mainly males, accounting for about 62% of the total. The reason why male seals are more likely to stay is mainly because they are more inclined to swim alone and forage for food over a long distance.

White Greenland seals usually mate and reproduce on sea ice, and the female seals will then nurse their cubs and stay with them. Subsequently, the cubs slowly survived independently. Researchers speculate that with the decreasing area and number of sea ice, the ice surface will become more and more crowded, so many young seals will be forced to enter the sea before they learn how to sail and prey in the sea, which leads to these young seals losing their sense of direction, and as the fish in the sea migrate to the south, Soulen explained. This threat of shrinking sea ice area has caused two kinds of seals in Alaska: ringed seals and raccoon seals to enter the list of endangered animals.

Climate change causes Baltic leopard to have no ice to rely on.

Striped seals living in the Baltic Sea raise their offspring in ice caves. But now there are fewer and fewer ice caves to be found. The global warming has caused this problem, and then polar bears who feed on this seal will have no food to find.

The habitat of striped seals extends from the Arctic Circle to the Baltic Sea. However, according to the latest report of the World Wide Fund for Nature, in many parts of the Baltic Sea, especially in the Gulf of Botnia between Finland and Sweden and Riga Bay in Latvia, as well as the Oranfu Islands in Finland, almost all the ice sheets have melted, which has threatened the survival of newborn seals.

Catherine Munster, a Baltic biodiversity expert at WWF, said: "Striped seals usually give birth in mid-February. During the first seven or eight weeks after birth, seals will stay in ice caves on ice floes to feed their cubs so that they can get enough fat to survive in cold seawater."

However, she said: "The lack of ice around the Oran Islands and Riga Bay means that seals born this winter have no shelter, so it is difficult for them to survive." Without solid or enough ice to maintain their daily life, seal cubs have to swim in cold sea water without the protection of important fat layer, so they will die prematurely because of hypothermia and malnutrition.

It is estimated that there are 1,700 seals living in the Oran Islands and Riga Bay, which means that the melting of the ice sheet threatens the survival of almost a quarter of the seal population in the Baltic Sea. Recently, it has been reported that the high mortality rate of striped seals has occurred in the northern hemisphere for the second consecutive winter this year due to insufficient sea ice. Munster believes that a large number of seals died in the Baltic Sea, which is not only the result of climate change, but also declared the climate change situation in the region.

Dr. Zhou Jinfeng communicates with Dr. Sara.

Dr. Zhou Jinfeng, Secretary-General of China Green Development Association, once said, "The survival crisis of seals comes from human beings to a great extent. It is the over-industrialization and egoism of human society that has brought huge problems to the ecosystem and climate environment. Climate change not only threatens the survival of seals, but also will be an insurmountable problem for other species. The Katowice Conference on Climate Change in 2018 has clearly emphasized the seriousness of the climate threat and called on the whole society to take urgent action to achieve the 1.5℃ control target. In the context of this severe climate change, due to "legal hunting license" and "illegal poaching", the task of saving spotted seals will become more difficult, but this is not an excuse for inaction. " Dr. Zhou Jinfeng said: "Everyone should work hard for this and take responsibility; Relevant departments should also work together to prevent spotted seals from being endangered and make joint efforts to the greatest extent. "

This article refers to: Youth Science Pictorial, China Meteorological Bureau, Zhongqing Online, People’s Daily Online.

Finishing /Talina review /tammy editing /angel

　　CCTV News:On January 21, the Russian President’s website announced that Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an order on the same day to appoint a new member of the Russian government. According to the announcement, according to the new cabinet structure approved by Russian President Vladimir Putin a few days ago, nine deputy prime ministers were appointed this time, including the first deputy prime minister, the deputy prime minister and the plenipotentiary representative of the president of the Russian Far East Federal District. Andrei Belousov, former assistant to the President on economic issues, was appointed as the first deputy prime minister of the government. Dmitry Grigorenko, Yuri Trutnev, Victoria Abramchenko, Yuri borisov, tatyana Golikova, Alexei Overthuk, marat Husnurin and Dmitry Chernyshenko were appointed as Deputy Prime Ministers.

　　On the same day, the Russian President’s website also announced the appointment of the heads of various government departments. Among the 21 department heads appointed this time, shoigu, Minister of Defense, Lavrov, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Siluanov, who have received much attention from the outside world, remain in office.

　　In the evening, Putin held a meeting with members of the new Russian government. Putin said that the primary task of the new government is to improve the living and welfare level of Russian residents and consolidate and improve the international status of the Russian government. After the meeting, Russian Prime Minister Mishustin presided over the first working meeting of the government. (Headquarters reporter Wang Bin Gu Xin)