Online shopping methods and business hours of major supermarkets in Rizhao are announced

In order to reduce the number of people going in and out of supermarkets and other crowded places, cut off the route of virus transmission, and resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce organized online and offline circulation enterprises such as local life service e-commerce platforms and large supermarkets to innovate their business models on the basis of guiding supermarkets and wholesale markets to do a good job in vegetable community distribution services in the early stage, so as to adapt to consumers’ convenient and customized shopping needs, and promote the business of "online shopping and contactless distribution" to ensure the safety of epidemic prevention and control in commercial circulation enterprises.

In order to better guide everyone

Purchase necessities through online ordering,

Now the major business circulation enterprises

The online shopping guide for daily necessities is sorted out.

For your reference.

Wanda Plaza

Rizhao Wanda has a total of 228 stores. At present, except for some entertainment, education and catering brands, 174 stores have resumed business. Identify the picture below through the mobile phone WeChat, and you can go online shopping in wanda plaza.

WeChat mini program

Ribai group

Search and pay attention to WeChat official account, the "Daily Hundred Excellent Products" through mobile phone WeChat, click on the "Daily Hundred Home" section in the lower left corner, and click to enter. Customers can place an order on the online shopping platform of Daily Hundred Home to buy the goods they need.

The Ginza Mall

Enter the Meituan Takeaway APP to search for "Ginza Shopping Mall Rizhao Plaza Store" or scan the QR code to directly enter the store for purchase.

WeChat mini program

Are you hungry? Search for "Ginza Shopping Mall Rizhao Plaza Store" or scan the QR code to place an order directly online.

Are you hungry?

Ginza daojia

WeChat mini program

Wechat applet, Meituan, are you hungry?

RT-Mart

Search for the "Taoxianda" section through the "Mobile Taobao" APP, and enter the online shopping platform of RT Mart Supermarket. Customers can place orders online to purchase the goods they need, and the online platform will open the next day’s order reservation at 20: 00 every day. Within five kilometers of the delivery range, the delivery staff will conduct "contactless delivery" according to the delivery location selected by the customers, which will be delivered within one hour at the earliest.

Taobao "Taoxianda"

Liqun group

1. Liqun Group Rizhao ruitai New District Supermarket

Search and pay attention to "Liqun Group Rizhao ruitai New District Supermarket" WeChat official account through mobile phone WeChat, and click on the "Liqun Online Merchant" section in the middle. The mobile phone will display nearby Liqun stores (Rizhao New District Supermarket) according to the positioning, and click on "Liqun Online Merchant". Customers can place orders online on Liqun Online Shopping Platform to buy the goods they need.

2. Liqun Group Rizhao ruitai Mall

Search and pay attention to "Liqun Online Merchant" WeChat official account through mobile phone WeChat, click on the "Go Shopping" section in the lower left corner, and the mobile phone will click "Enjoy the discount when entering the store" according to the positioning display of nearby Liqun Store (Rizhao ruitai), so that customers can place an order online on Liqun Online Shopping Platform to purchase the goods they need, and deliver them to their homes without contact within 10 kilometers of shopping in 96 yuan!

Lingyun group

Scan the code directly to enter the "Lingyun micro-purchase" applet. Entering the WeChat shopping platform of Rizhao Lingyun Group, home appliances, fresh food, fruits and daily necessities are all available.

WeChat mini program

Scan code to pay attention to "Rizhao Lingyun Industry and Trade" WeChat official account, and enter the "Lingyun Micro Purchase" mall through the bottom menu.

WeChat official accounts

Lingyun household appliances weixin shopping mall

Rizhao fudu shopping plaza

Search for "Fudu Shopping Plaza Flagship Store" directly through the mobile phone Meituan, and enter the store to place an order for purchase.

Jialejia Wulian branch

Note: Due to the needs of the epidemic, the commodities currently on the shelves are mainly people’s livelihood commodities, which can meet the basic needs of life and will be gradually improved in the future.

Online ordering time is 9: 00-18: 00. Now, you only need to use WeChat applet/Meituan Takeaway app/ Meituan to search Jialejia for shopping! ! !

Within four kilometers of the physical store, you place an order and we deliver it to your door, so you can lie at home without going out shopping in the future.

Zhengji Times Square

1. Enter the mobile phone WeChat recognition picture into the "Zhengji Optimization Plus+" applet for purchase.

2. You can also scan or identify the QR code below by WeChat, pay attention to WeChat official account in Zhengji Times Square, enter WeChat official account and click Zhengji Preferred to enter the purchase.

Business hours of supermarkets in urban areas

Let Farmers Share the Information Dividend —— Summary of China’s Agricultural and Rural Information Work since the 18th CPC National Congress

  The fruit shed is short of water and light, and the employees of a modern agricultural demonstration park in Chuzhou, Anhui Province can "remotely farm" while lying in bed. To APPly for agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, agricultural machinery workers in Qingdao, Shandong Province don’t have to queue up early with Xiaomazha, and they can apply online through the mobile app; Where did the eggs bought home come from? Consumers in Henan can know by scanning the QR code printed on the eggshell … With the arrival of the "internet plus" era, the agricultural and rural production and life that once "faced the loess with its back facing the sky" is undergoing transformation.

  Sharp tools make good work. Agricultural informatization is the commanding height of agricultural modernization. Vigorously developing agricultural and rural informatization and applying information technology to agricultural production, rural construction and farmers’ lives are urgent needs to accelerate agricultural modernization and build a well-off society in an all-round way. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategic plan of "promoting the simultaneous development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization", which pointed out the direction, defined the objectives and tasks for accelerating the informatization of agriculture and rural areas throughout the country, and ushered in a new opportunity period for the informatization of agriculture and rural areas.

  From information entering villages and households to farmers’ mobile phone training, China’s informatization development is aimed at filling shortcomings in rural areas.

  In April 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the symposium on network security and informatization that compared with cities, the construction of rural Internet infrastructure is our shortcoming. It is necessary to increase investment, accelerate the pace of rural Internet construction, and expand the effective coverage of optical fiber networks and broadband networks in rural areas.

  In fact, in 2013, the State Council issued the "Broadband China Strategy and Implementation Plan", which defined the development goal and timetable of "Broadband China" and made the "Broadband Village" project one of the key tasks. In August 2016, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Informatization" researched and compiled by the Ministry of Agriculture called for strengthening the infrastructure construction of agricultural and rural informatization, promoting the in-depth implementation of the "Broadband China" strategy in rural areas, and exploring preferential network tariffs for poor households.

  Roots are deep and leafy, trees are strong and fruits are thick. The accelerated development of rural Internet infrastructure has provided a solid soil for promoting agricultural and rural informatization. Since 2014, according to the deployment of the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, the Ministry of Agriculture has organized 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and 116 counties (municipalities and districts) to carry out pilot projects of information entering villages and households, further broadening the connotation of the "12316" comprehensive information service platform for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and exploring the long-term mechanism of agricultural and rural information services. On the basis of the experience gained from the pilot project, this year, we will fully implement the project of information entering villages and households, and carry out demonstrations in 10 provinces and cities such as Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, and build a large "network" covering 600,000 administrative villages across the country through the "end" of Yi Nong Information Society and village-level information workers.

  "Charging phone bills, paying utilities, withdrawing money, online shopping, and even selling my own agricultural products, I now have to run to Yinong Information Society no matter what I do." Zhu Jinhong, from Paiqian Village, Sanren She Township, Suichang County, Zhejiang Province, said that Yinong Information Society asked him to "enter a door and do a hundred things".

  More and more farmers are beginning to feel the same way as Zhu Jinhong. According to the data from the Ministry of Agriculture, by the end of June, 69,000 agricultural information agencies had been built and operated nationwide, with a total of 385,000 village-level information workers trained, 11.15 million people provided public welfare services and 180 million people provided convenience services, achieving an e-commerce transaction volume of 12.8 billion yuan.

  It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. With the rapid development of mobile internet technology and the rapid popularization of smart phones, strengthening farmers’ mobile phone online training and service has become an important measure for agricultural and rural informatization "overtaking in corners" and coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Since 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture has carried out nationwide mobile phone application skills training for farmers, helping more farmers catch the "internet plus" express train. Zhou Furong, a villager in Yanhe Township, Guangshan County, Henan Province, learned to use WeChat to sell agricultural products during the smart phone application training organized by the township. The agricultural products he sold with WeChat were in short supply.

  The deep penetration of internet technology into agriculture and rural areas has benefited farmers and made decision makers pay more attention to the information construction in agriculture and rural areas. The Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China proposes to promote the construction of agricultural informatization, strengthen the integration of agriculture and information technology, and develop smart agriculture; The Outline of National Informatization Development Strategy proposes to cultivate Internet agriculture and improve the information management service ability in the whole process of agricultural production. With the issuance of "the State Council’s Guiding Opinions on Actively Promoting the" internet plus "Action", "internet plus Characteristic Towns" in various places are blooming in various forms …

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, from central to local, from design to implementation, the top-level design for promoting the development of agricultural and rural informatization has been intensively introduced and implemented, which has played an important role in improving the intelligent level of agricultural production, helping farmers to increase their income, promoting the equalization of basic public services, and improving the service efficiency of grass-roots government departments.

  From the Internet of Things to big data, informatization extends to the whole process of agricultural product production and sales.

  In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture has vigorously promoted the application of the Internet of Things in production and management, and information technology is accelerating from the laboratory to the fields and to the fish ponds. In-depth implementation of the national Internet of Things application demonstration project intelligent agriculture project and the agricultural Internet of Things regional pilot project of the Ministry of Agriculture, summed up and popularized 426 agricultural Internet of Things software and hardware products, technologies and models nationwide, which effectively promoted agricultural cost saving and efficiency improvement and intelligent production management.

  Internet of things technology is widely used in agricultural production. Relying on information technology, the Ministry of Agriculture has accelerated the construction of "four platforms", and many areas are exploring the establishment of supervision mechanisms such as the approval of agricultural products’ origin, packaging labeling, and obtaining certificates and tickets. Consumers are becoming more and more accustomed to agricultural products that "scan the code and know the roots".

  If the Internet of Things has promoted the "hard standard" of agricultural production, then the development and utilization of big data, a new resource element of modern agriculture, has established a "wind vane" for agricultural production.

  "Too much, too little" is a strange circle that agricultural products production and sales often fall into. In order to further enhance market transparency, guide farmers to arrange production reasonably, and promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, at the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture further improved the information release system, and the 200 index of wholesale prices of agricultural products was officially put into operation. Together with the five balance tables of supply and demand of bulk agricultural products released every month and the China-agricultural outlook report released every year, an authoritative release mechanism of agricultural product market information was formed, which took short-term, medium-term and long-term, and combined regular and irregular.

  The "handshake" between the supply side and the demand side information data makes it possible to "set production by sales". Alibaba Village Amoy takes advantage of the e-commerce platform, feeds back the agricultural product supply chain with massive data from the front end, accurately understands consumers’ preferences, improves the agricultural product value chain through the mode of pre-sale and picking according to orders, and achieves underwriting and fixed production, thus changing the supply mode of agricultural products.

  From planting to sales, from production to circulation, informatization is injecting new vitality into deepening the structural reform of agricultural supply side, affecting the whole process of agricultural products from farm head to dining table to farmers’ pockets.

  On February 26th, with Jinggangshan City in Jiangxi Province taking the lead in announcing poverty alleviation and taking off its hat, "e-commerce poverty alleviation" once again jumped into people’s field of vision. In 2016, Huang Xiaohua of Hongshi Village, Huang ‘ao Township, Jinggangshan City sold agricultural products online according to the e-commerce poverty alleviation model of "e-commerce platform+cooperative+poor households", and the profit increased by 42% compared with the previous one. In 2017, Jinggangshan City has built 18 e-commerce service stations, covering all towns and villages and radiating 35 poor villages.

  Like Jinggangshan, there are still many explorations to solve the difficulty of agricultural product sales by developing agricultural product e-commerce. Practice has proved that informatization can not only promote the marketization of agriculture, force the standardization of agricultural production, improve the organization of farmers and promote moderate scale operation, but also guide the branding of agriculture, improve the backbone network of agricultural products circulation, break through the "intestinal obstruction" of industrial products going down and agricultural products going up, enhance the added value of agricultural products and increase farmers’ income.

  New technologies bring about new changes, and with the help of informationization, agriculture and rural areas are gestating infinite possibilities.

  "If the land confirmation and circulation are done on the mobile phone, then there is no need for agricultural census." At present, the expectations of netizens are becoming a reality step by step. With the expansion of land circulation scale, Internet elements are actively introduced throughout the country to explore new forms of rural property rights transactions in the information age. When the traditional concept of land circulation still only stays in the neighboring geographical scope, the allocation of land resources in a larger space has flourished on the Internet.

  Nowadays, the suffix content of "internet plus" in the field of agriculture, countryside and farmers is more and more abundant. "Online one-stop service" makes "information run more and people run less errands"; "internet plus" vocational training trains new farmers, product brokers and other professional talents according to the needs of agricultural production; Relying on the video monitoring platform and mobile communication base station, Jiangsu Mobile has built the "Blue Sky Guardian", which can automatically monitor the fire point of straw burning and give an alarm to improve the efficiency of straw burning prevention and control … With the use of the Internet, many minority products can converge to form market energy comparable to mainstream products, providing opportunities for every farmer to find employment and start a business, and new agricultural and rural formats, new economy and new business models are gestating infinite possibilities.

  The network value depends on the number of users. As of June this year, the number of netizens in China reached 751 million, including 201 million rural netizens. As an important network resource, the potential value of rural network is huge and needs to be released.

  If you don’t get new, you will retire. At present, information technology has further penetrated and integrated into various fields of agriculture and rural areas, and the level of intelligent production, networked management, data management and online service in agriculture and rural areas has been greatly improved. Informatization has become the leading force for innovation-driven agricultural modernization. With the accumulation and enrichment of agricultural and rural information innovation and exploration, the bonsai of modern agricultural development in internet plus will be transformed into a beautiful landscape.

If Animal City wins the Oscar, can all-age animation be stamped into the mainstream?


Special feature of 1905 film network This year’s Oscar draw is just around the corner, and everyone has their own different guesses about where each "little golden statuette" will end up. The author, who pays special attention to this category of animated films, has awarded the award of "Best animated feature film" to Disney’s family in advance. After all, looking back at the performance of the film in the global film market this year and the whole award season, it can indeed be regarded as the most favorable contender for this honor.

 

With two weighty trophies, the Golden Globe Award and the Anne Award, Zootopia is only one step away from the highest honor. For Disney, what the company and the team are waiting for may just be another fame and fortune after waiting for the film, but from the aspect of animated film creation, this result is likely to bring more far-reaching influence: Oscar for best animated feature film halo+cumulative global box office breakthrough of 1 billion US dollars, can Zootopia’s total victory (temporarily or hypothetically) lead "all ages" to become the mainstream of industry creation?

 

All ages: the sense of picture entertainment satisfies children’s plot metaphor and pleases adults.

 

No matter looking back at the winners since the Oscar for Best Animated Feature Film was established in 2001, or comparing the other four films that were shortlisted at the same time, almost no works can compare with Zootopia’s completion in story "all-age" development, even though its protagonists are a rabbit and a fox.

 

When children are amused by the various animal images in the film, adults are caught in the plot of anti-family fun routines. This kind of fun is hard to give to several other well-made nominated films (and even more than a dozen award-winning works in the past) On the overseas film rating website "Rotten Tomatoes", Zootopia got a comprehensive evaluation of "thoughtful, informative and all-encompassing, close to the present, and entertaining to meet the needs of young audiences."

 

Looking at a similar website in China again, the comments written by fans around Zootopia are even more brain-opening. From a group of animals, some people saw the racial discrimination and feminist movement in American society, some people read the commercial marketing theory and sociological metaphors, and some people even discussed the connection between "Animal City" and Trump’s presidency again nearly a year after the film was released.

 

As a professional practitioner in the animation industry, director Lu Hengyu also said when chatting with the author about Zootopia: "If we want to take care of the whole age, we are really convinced of Disney. Children look at childlike fun, and adults can see some social problems. Just like onions, you can find what you want to see, no matter what your age. In comparison, many non-Disney works will inevitably have a heavy director’s personal color. "

 

At present, most domestic animations are still in the initial stage of family fun.

 

Zootopia’s global box office has reached an astonishing $1 billion. When it was introduced to the Mainland, the box office also broke through the 1.5 billion mark, ranking ninth in the film history list. According to Zhu Yuqing, editor-in-chief of China Animation Film Development Report, the film has reached a very high level in the aspect of full age.

 

"All ages, in fact, it is the highest standard for animated films. In the story and production, its requirements are particularly high. For example, in the design of each character in Zootopia, it should take into account the concepts and needs of different groups of people and different age groups. Just like the image of sloth lightning, children think it is super cute, but adults will pay attention to the final reversal of the car and show a smile. " Zhu Yuqing believes that Hollywood mainstream animation production companies are very good at all-age creation, which brings a lot of inspiration to domestic creators and should be the direction of our future efforts and learning.

 

It is a pity that such achievements are hard for domestic animation to catch up with. Although such explosions were born in 2015, this kind of success with great contingency is difficult to be easily copied.

 

"At present, most domestic animated films are still in the initial stage of’ all-age’, which is a kind of family fun for young people. Children like it and adults don’t hate it. For example, "Bears haunt" is already our very high standard at present. " Zhu Yuqing believes that this is the ceiling faced by the domestic animation industry and the embodiment of the limitations of the creators’ thinking. Compared with Zootopia, it is almost impossible to impress the adult audience with the stories of Bears and Pleasant Goat, and it is even more unimaginable to let these works go abroad and be released in North America and Europe.

 

In the future, the age boundaries of the audience may become more and more blurred.

 

Different from the above-mentioned "Family Fun" domestic animated films, which failed to pursue "full age", Lu Hengyu’s previous creations all had a clear target audience: "The target audience of big movies is young people, and so is" Soul Street ". Of course, we try to broaden this age group, but we will not compromise the core content of the film itself for the sake of broadening. "

 

From the point of view of the first-line animation creator, he thinks that making works with a clear target audience is easy to attract criticism, but it is relatively more energy-saving. As long as you regard yourself as an audience and ask yourself what kind of movies you want to see, you can get the answer. The works of "all ages" should take more effort and take into account the preferences of audiences outside of themselves. This can not be done by hard work alone, but also requires the creator to have rich life experience and creative experience.

 

Lu Hengyu also revealed that he is very happy to try to create in an "all-age" direction. At present, Snow Child, which he collaborated with Shanghai Animation Film Studio and the lithography era, is a work of this style: "But this kind of creation can be completed not by the director’s personal experience, but by teamwork."

 

In view of the conjecture that "all-age" animation will become the mainstream style in the industry for a period of time to come, Lu Hengyu also put forward his own more advanced idea: "It is a bit outdated that we still divide the movie audience by" age ". In the past, information channels were divided by age, but now, with a PAD, a mobile phone and a computer, a 3-year-old child can access exactly the same information as an 80-year-old grandfather. Under such conditions, the difference between’ age’ will become more and more blurred, and people will define themselves more by their’ interests’. Now we like to use 70,80,90 to divide and define people, which may not work in the future. "


The 89th Academy Awards Ceremony will be held at 8: 00 am on February 27th, Beijing time, and 1905 Movie Network will broadcast live video for everyone, so please pay attention.

How to eat to avoid "illness from the mouth"? "Tongue tip safety" under the epidemic situation

  At the beginning of the new year in 2021, the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in COVID-19 once again touched people’s hearts, and the related problem of "safety on the tip of the tongue" also attracted people’s attention: what kind of influence does imported cold chain food have on the spread of Covid-19, how to prevent the rebound and control food pollution during the Spring Festival epidemic prevention, how to eat it to avoid "illness from the mouth", and whether a reasonable diet can improve immunity and resist the virus … …

  At the recent media communication meeting on scientific interpretation of food safety and health hotspots in 2020, Meng Suhe, chairman of the chinese institute of food science and technology, said that under the epidemic situation, people’s concern about food safety is declining, but the correlation between the epidemic situation and food safety and cold chain food is increasing; In addition, food nutrition and health issues related to improving human immunity have attracted attention.

  Many experts and scholars have systematically combed and scientifically interpreted the hot issues of food safety and health related to epidemic prevention and control.

  How to treat the carrier that carries and spreads the virus

  "Imported cold chain food is a very high-profile food topic in 2020, because they and their packaging may become carriers for carrying and spreading Covid-19 across borders over a long distance." Li Ning, vice chairman of chinese institute of food science and technology and deputy director of the National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center, said.

  She told reporters that Covid-19 has survived for a long time at low temperature. At present, many foreign countries are in the outbreak period of COVID-19 epidemic, and the surfaces of various objects, including food and its packaging, may be contaminated. As the temperature drops in winter, not only the cold chain food and its packaging, but also all international transportation environments are similar to the cold chain system, and related items may become carriers for carrying and spreading Covid-19 across borders.

  At the same time, Li Ning said that although Covid-19 nucleic acid was detected in imported cold-chain food and its packaging from time to time recently, overall, the overall pollution rate of imported cold-chain food and its packaging was relatively low, and it was mainly concentrated in the packaging. As of November 25th, 2020, the national cold chain food and packaging samples monitoring and sampling results organized by National Health Commission showed that the pollution rate was 0.48 ‰.

  She said that the general public is generally unlikely to come into contact with the outer packaging, and the probability is relatively small, and the corresponding infection rate is relatively low. The high-risk groups are mainly those who frequently come into contact with these items that may be contaminated and have inadequate protection. She therefore gave advice — —

  First, the prevention and control of imported cold chain food epidemic situation should strengthen the forward movement of the barrier. Imported cold-chain food needs a series of links such as entry, transportation, storage and sales, which has the characteristics of long circulation chain, wide scope and long time. In this process, the higher the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures, the lower the effectiveness and cost of prevention and control. Therefore, it is necessary to move forward and strengthen source control.

  Second, food producers and operators should strictly implement the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control. Although COVID-19 is not a food-borne disease, it will affect food safety and put forward higher hygiene requirements for the safety of the whole food industry chain.

  Third, the prevention and control of the epidemic situation must do a good job of "people" and "things". At present, the epidemic spread shows the characteristics of "from things to people" and "from people to people". Therefore, the prevention and control of epidemic situation should not only block the imported cases from abroad, but also strictly control the risks imported through logistics channels, especially cold chain logistics.

  "Control from the source as much as possible, on the one hand, increase the inspection and quarantine of imported cold-chain foods and carry out proactive and preventive comprehensive disinfection work; On the other hand, strengthen the protection of occupational exposure population and the active screening of nucleic acid; In view of the fact that the environment of all international transportation in winter is similar to the cold chain system, while strengthening the disinfection of imported goods, employees should also do a good job of protection in accordance with the protective measures of relevant standards. " Li Ning said.

  Covid-19 didn’t eat it, so don’t be afraid of frozen food?

  Although there is evidence that the route of transmission in COVID-19 is not only from person to person, but also from person to person, according to Chen Junshi, academician of China Academy of Engineering and general consultant of National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center, the chance of this infection is very small for the general public. So far, there is no report that the general public has been infected by purchasing and preparing contaminated food. However, workers who carry imported goods are more likely to be infected through person-to-person transmission if preventive measures are not in place.

  "COVID-19 is a respiratory infectious disease, not a food-borne disease. That is to say, it is not ‘ Food poisoning ’ , not ‘ Eat out of the disease ’ 。” Chen Junshi stressed.

  He further explained that although the culprit in Covid-19 has not been found, it is certain that it is an animal-borne infectious disease similar to avian flu, not a food safety issue.

  Chen Junshi therefore suggested that we should vigorously carry out popular science propaganda activities for scientific epidemic prevention, so that the general public can correctly understand the epidemic characteristics and transmission routes of COVID-19 — — "Not eaten", don’t be afraid to buy and prepare frozen food, including frozen seafood and frozen meat.

  "In hundreds of thousands of food samples, the positive rate of nucleic acid detection is only 0.48 per ten thousand, that is, less than 5 out of 100,000 samples are positive. Moreover, this positive does not mean that the virus is alive, because the virus is still nucleic acid positive after death, so it is unnecessary to be afraid, but we still have to talk about some health and epidemic prevention methods. " Chen Junshi said.

  He suggested that in order to prevent food from being contaminated by viruses and then cross-contamination in the food chain, the general public should follow the five elements of food safety of the World Health Organization: keeping clean, separating raw and cooked food, thoroughly cooking, preserving food at a safe temperature, and safe water and food raw materials.

  "These five articles were originally intended to prevent food-borne diseases, but they can also be used to avoid cross-contamination in the food chain in Covid-19. After all, it is impossible for food to be completely free from virus pollution under the current situation. " Chen Junshi said.

  He also specifically mentioned that food enterprises should strictly abide by the relevant norms issued by the government and attach importance to the protection of employees and the cleaning and disinfection of the production environment. Previously, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council issued a number of notices, including the guidelines for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic situation in meat food processing enterprises, the virus environmental monitoring standards for farmers’ markets, and the retrospective nucleic acid detection of cold chain foods, etc. Chen Junshi said that as long as the document requirements are strictly followed, Covid-19 cross-contamination in the food chain can be largely prevented.

  The primary health need in the post-epidemic era is to improve immunity?

  The epidemic prevention and control in the past year has once again attracted people’s attention to one word: immunity.

  "Immunity is not only related to the epidemic, but more importantly, it is related to health. Whether the human immunity is strong or not, the immune system is the key. " Ding Gangqiang, vice chairman of chinese institute of food science and technology and director of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said.

  According to him, the human immune system mainly has three lines of defense: one is skin and mucosa; The second is the bactericidal substances and phagocytes in the body; The third is immune organs and immune cells. A good immune system is very important for survival. Once the human immune system declines, the human body is easily infected by viruses and causes various diseases.

  "In terms of improving immunity, dietary nutrition is the material basis for ensuring the normal operation of the human immune system. Adhering to a balanced diet and achieving a good nutritional status are the basis and guarantee for enhancing immunity." Ding Gangqiang said that no food can provide all the nutrients needed by the human body, and diversified foods can obtain balanced nutrition.

  As for the post-epidemic era, Ding Gangqiang said that the primary health need of the general public is to improve immunity. Many experts and scholars have suggested that the food industry will play an important role in meeting the health needs of the general public to improve their immunity. During the epidemic period, due to the limited food choices of the public in some areas, the intake of vitamins, minerals, high-quality protein from plants and essential fatty acids was insufficient, and the risk of malnutrition increased.

  He suggested that we should be guided by national policies and the needs of the general public to improve the nutritional, healthy and high-quality supply capacity of food. In the post-epidemic era, foods that help to enhance immunity are bound to usher in a market opportunity. In view of the relatively single variety of such products at present, enterprises should continuously improve the supply capacity of food nutrition, health and high quality through scientific and technological innovation to meet the individualized and differentiated needs of different groups of people in nutrition and health.

  "Improving immunity is a systematic work, and it can’t be done overnight, let alone ‘ Cramming for the Buddha ’ In daily life, the general public needs to firmly establish a healthy concept of balanced nutrition. In their diet, they should try their best to have diverse foods, mixed grains and beans, balanced eggs and milk, and sufficient fruits and vegetables to ensure a reasonable supply of nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. " Ding Gangqiang said.

  He also emphasized that in addition to a reasonable diet, the public should also pay attention to ensuring adequate sleep, exercising moderately and maintaining a relaxed state of mind — — Lifestyle and psychological factors are also important factors affecting immunity.

  Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Qiu Chenhui Source: China Youth Daily

  January 12, 2021, 12th edition

Do a good job of "native products" and draw a new picture of rural revitalization —— A first-line observation of rural industrial revitalization in 2023

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 14thTitle: Do a good job of "native products" and draw a new picture of rural revitalization — — A first-line observation on the revitalization of rural industries in 2023

  Xinhua news agency reporter

  Industrial prosperity leads to rural prosperity, and rural prosperity leads to national prosperity.

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the Central Rural Work Conference in 2022 that "industrial revitalization is the top priority of rural revitalization, and it is necessary to implement industrial assistance policies and do a good job ‘ Local products ’ Articles ".

  At the beginning of the new year, Xinhua News Agency reporters conducted in-depth research in many rural areas, explored new trends in the development of rural characteristic industries, and felt the beautiful picture of rural industry revitalization contained in the article "Native Products".

  Polish the golden signboard of "local products" — — "The key to rural revitalization is to revitalize the industry."

  At the Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2022, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made arrangements around doing a good job in "local products", emphasizing that "relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, we should benefit from developing multiple functions of agriculture and tapping the diversified values of rural areas, and benefit from the integration and development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, strengthening the leading role, supplementing the chain, promoting the format and building the brand".

  At the beginning of the new year, from the eastern coast to the northwest plateau, from the North China Plain to the Jiangnan water town, hard-working people have been busy — —

  On January 7, 2023, fishermen showed the fish they caught at the 16th Ulungu Lake Winter Catch Cultural Tourism Festival in Fuhai County, Xinjiang. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xiangshe

  In Wulungu Lake, Xinjiang, fishermen wear fur coats and thick boots, digging holes in the frozen lake and laying nets. This fishing method has a history of more than 60 years in the local area, and its unique fishing culture has attracted many tourists.

  In the "Original Memory" dried sauce e-commerce warehouse in Pingjiang County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, workers are busy in an orderly manner, preparing for the delivery of more than 30,000 orders every day during the peak period of the new year. Dried Pingjiang sauce with a history of hundreds of years has an annual output value of about 2 billion yuan.

  In Guangshan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province, farmers are picking mushrooms in the edible fungus cultivation base of Zhenghe Agricultural Cooperative. The management mode of "cooperative+base+farmer" has attracted many local villagers to find jobs at home and increase their income.

  On the e-commerce platform in Pinduoduo, Chinese knots produced in Huashui Town, Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province ushered in the peak sales season. Join the "Many New Craftsmen Make" program, and hand-woven Chinese knots, a traditional handicraft product, will usher in a new opportunity to leave the village and enter the city.

  … …

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the key to rural revitalization is the revitalization of industries.

  The practice of developing characteristic industries in various places has fully proved that "local products" can be made into great articles.

  According to the relevant person in charge of the Rural Industry Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, "local products" refer to agricultural special products or processed products that come from a specific region and have a certain reputation, mainly including products such as special planting, special breeding, special food and special handicrafts, and are products that have formed brands among agricultural special products and processed products.

  According to preliminary statistics, by the end of 2021, China’s characteristic planting bases such as miscellaneous grains, miscellaneous beans, fruits and vegetables, tea fungus, etc. will cover an area of 1.205 billion mu, produce 1.385 billion tons of characteristic agricultural products annually, breed 6.6952 million head of characteristic livestock, produce 24.7 million tons of characteristic aquatic products, and the total output value of characteristic industries will reach 9.7 trillion yuan, effectively driving farmers’ income and meeting people’s demand for a better life.

  Doing a good job of "native products" is related to promoting the construction of an agricultural power, broadening the channels for farmers to increase their income and become rich, and promoting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

  At present, the development of rural characteristic industries in China is changing from developing products to developing industries, from pursuing quantity to pursuing quality, and from developing primary production to integrating primary, secondary and tertiary production.

  Polishing the gold-lettered signboard of "local products" will certainly help agriculture to become a promising industry, farmers to become attractive occupations, and rural areas to become beautiful homeland to live and work in peace.

  Based on local superior resources — — "Relying on mountains to sing folk songs, relying on the sea to eat the sea and read the sea classics"

  In the cold winter, Yumin County, Xinjiang, on the border between China and Kazakhstan, attracted tourists from all over the world to watch the winter snow in Baluke Mountain, which made the farmhouse music and animal husbandry in the border town more and more popular.

  Winter pasture scenery in Baluke Mountain, Yumin County, Xinjiang (photo taken on November 4, 2022). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Chen Shuangxi)

  "In the spring of the next year, the mountain flowers are all in bloom, with wild almond flowers, peony, roses, Caragana and Fritillaria purpurea, and there will be more tourists." Ganati Jiahai, a villager from Aktiekeqie Village, Jiangge Township, Yumin County, said.

  With the help of the ecological resources advantages of Baluke Mountain National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, Yumin Mountain Flower Festival has become a major brand of tourism in Xinjiang. Since April every year, all kinds of wild flowers bloom in turn, and mountain flowers, grasslands and snow-capped mountains are like picture scrolls laid out in the hinterland of Turjialiao grassland.

  Mountain flowers on summer pasture in Baluke mountain area, Yumin county, Xinjiang (photo taken on June 14, 2021). "Yumin Mountain Flower Festival" is a major brand of tourism in Xinjiang. Xinhua News Agency reporter Hu Huhu photo

  In 2022, Yumin County received 1.185 million tourists and realized a tourism income of 480 million yuan. "It is estimated that tourism revenue will double this year." Yang Caixia, deputy head of Yumin county government, said that in the future, we should make good use of the "earth" resources of mountain flowers, cultivate new tourism formats, and make the pockets of farmers and herdsmen more bulging.

  With the development of the times, the countryside is no longer a place solely engaged in agriculture, and its economic value, ecological value, social value and cultural value are increasingly prominent. To do a good job in writing "earth", all localities should broaden their horizons and make good use of local superior resources, "relying on mountains to sing folk songs and relying on the sea to eat the sea to read the classics" and develop eco-tourism, folk culture, leisure and sightseeing.

  Good ecology is an important support for the revitalization of rural industries.

  In winter, walking in Jingzhu Village, fairy mountain Street, Wulong District, Chongqing, the distance is misty, and the green Wujiang River winds through the bottom of the mountain, attracting many tourists to stop.

  On July 30th, 2020, in a homestay in Jingzhu Village, fairy mountain Street, Wulong District, Chongqing, tourists enjoyed themselves in the small courtyard. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Yushe

  Jingzhu village is 1300 meters above sea level, with a forest coverage rate of 75%, which has the natural geographical advantage of developing rural tourism.

  From a little-known village to a list of "Best Tourism Villages" published by the United Nations World Tourism Organization in 2022, Jingzhu Village is the most beautiful interpretation of "ecological capital" by renovating the environment and restoring the ecology.

  Excavate local traditional culture and help the rural areas to revitalize in an all-round way.

  Near the Spring Festival, Wu Zhaojing, secretary of the village branch in Wujialouzi Village, Yishui County, Yimeng Mountain Area, Shandong Province, is leading the old mothers of Yimeng Small Cotton-padded Coat Tailors Team to be busy with their needlework.

  In Wujialouzi Village, Yishui County, Shandong Province, an old man is teaching his granddaughter the sewing technology of Yimeng cotton-padded jacket (file photo). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Wenjian)

  "At present, we still have more than 500 Yimeng cotton-padded jackets for nursing homes, which are still under production and will be delivered before the Spring Festival." Wu Zhaojing said that the old mothers in the village used the sewing skills of Yimeng small cotton-padded jacket to make a Tang suit decorated with rabbit hair, which was very popular in the market. On the afternoon of January 9, a batch of 180 orders from Beijing customers were just sent away.

  "Mengshan is high and Yishui is long. I sew clothes for my loved ones." The Yimeng small cotton-padded jacket project in the village provided more than 60 jobs for empty nesters and left-behind women, and successfully applied for provincial and municipal intangible cultural heritage. Relying on the traditional advantages of hand-sewing, the intangible folk custom exhibition hall was arranged.

  Today, the countryside has increasingly become a new space for people to maintain health and provide for the elderly, innovate and start businesses, and live and live. Behind the change from pastoral to park, from farm house to guest room, and from work to experience, it is an important embodiment of the new functions of agricultural industry and the new values of rural ecology.

  Find the right way according to local conditions — — "Developing characteristic agriculture based on local resources"

  In winter, it is the slack season in Northeast China. In Taoyuan Auricularia Industrial Park, Tianqiaoling Town, Wangqing County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, villagers are busy in the production workshop of Auricularia auricula fungus bags.

  "In the past, there was no work in the slack season. Now there is a fungus planting base, which has work all year round and can earn three or four thousand yuan a month." Yan Cuilian, a villager who works here all the year round, said.

  On May 24, 2018, farmers in Tianqiaoling Town, Wangqing County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province carried the prepared fungus bags in a local fungus bag factory. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Changshe

  Wangqing county is located in Changbai Mountain forest area, with a forest coverage rate of 90%. The abundant undergrowth resources and suitable climatic conditions here have created high-quality auricularia auricula.

  "We are trying to put ‘ Good resources ’ Convert to ‘ Good quality ’ , put ‘ Good quality ’ Convert to ‘ Good brand ’ In the future, we will strive to make the characteristic agricultural products of auricularia auricula into ‘ Many towns and one product ’ ‘ Counting villages and one industry ’ The rural rich industry. " Wen Tiezhu, head of Taoyuan Xiaomuzhe Industrial Park, said.

  Do a good job of "special" articles, focusing on highlighting regional characteristics, reflecting local customs, and developing rural characteristic industries according to local conditions.

  Zhaowang Village, Liubao Town, Wudi County, Shandong Province is a well-known golden jujube planting village. Near the Spring Festival, the newly built square in the village was filled with gongs and drums, laughter and laughter. Jujube farmers turned into "shareholders" of cooperatives and received the first dividend.

  "I planted more than 380 trees this year, and I got more than 8,700 yuan in dividends. I am very happy. This year, the price of jujube has tripled, and the quality has also gone up. We will strive to go up next year. " Villager Song Kangmin said happily.

  In 2022, Zhaowangcun integrated various resources such as capital, talents, technology and farmers, and established a cooperative for planting special agricultural products.

  Wang Wei, the first secretary of Zhaowang Village, Liubao Town, Wudi County, said that with the advantage of the characteristic industry of Jinsixiaozao, the village gave full play to the role of the Party branch in leading the cooperative. With the promotion of the platform for poverty alleviation through consumption in Shengli Oilfield, all the dates in the village were sold out, with a total dividend income of nearly 100,000 yuan, achieving a double harvest for the village collective and the villagers.

  Industry is the foundation of development. Only when the industry is prosperous can farmers’ income grow steadily.

  At present, from the national perspective, the development of rural industry in China is still in the primary stage, and it also faces many challenges such as small scale, scattered layout, short chain, low variety, quality and brand level.

  Do a good job in the "special" article, speed up the cultivation of advantageous and characteristic industries, and at the same time, build high-quality and well-known characteristic industries, and the key is to promote the development of industries to increase farmers’ income.

  Benefit from industrial integration — — "Promote the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries"

  As the Spring Festival approaches, the Apple market is getting hotter and hotter. In Shaanxi Luochuan Apple Modern Industrial Park, merchants are busy sorting, packaging and delivering apples and selling them all over the country.

  On October 10, 2022, in an orchard in Asi Village, Yongxiang Town, Luochuan County, Yan ‘an City, Shaanxi Province, fruit farmers were carrying apples. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Bowen photo

  Zhang Xiuxiu, a 33-year-old entrepreneur who returned to his hometown, is sitting in his own store and running his own Apple business with his mobile phone. From ordering packing boxes to packing and loading, logistics and distribution, there are professional companies to take care of them.

  The growing apple industry attracts more perfect secondary and tertiary industries such as packaging and processing, agricultural materials distribution, warehousing and logistics. Zhang Jidong, secretary of Luochuan County Party Committee, said that the accelerated integration of the three industries has brought strong aggregation benefits, and the brand evaluation value of "Luochuan Apple" has exceeded 68 billion yuan.

  As the top priority of rural revitalization, relying on superior resources to revitalize rural industries is bound to take the road of collective development of industrial integration and chain extension in the long run.

  In Xinhui, Guangdong Province, Xinhui dried tangerine peel, which is processed by complex processes such as peeling, drying and aging, is a local star product. Pan Huajin, head of Xinhui Chenpi National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park, said that the industrial park is guiding the market with products and deeply researching and processing Xinhui Chenpi.

  Grasping the homology of medicine and food of dried tangerine peel and making a fuss about added value have become the advantages of Xinhui dried tangerine peel. At present, Xinhui Chenpi has formed a series product scale of more than 100 varieties such as medicine, food, tea, health care and cultural tourism.

  To play the multiplier effect of the three industrial integration development, we should do a good job in the development of new industries and formats such as rural e-commerce, leisure agriculture and rural tourism, and support all kinds of talents to start businesses in rural areas.

  "If you like our loofah shoes, just take our link directly!" Every morning, on the WeChat video number of Hehang Shoes Factory Store in Wuxi County, Chongqing, the anchors of "Bao Ma" dressed in plain clothes broadcast on time to introduce various kinds of cloth shoes to fans in the live broadcast room.

  On August 20th, 2022, the anchors of Chongqing Hehang Shoes Co., Ltd. introduced various kinds of cloth shoes to the fans in the live broadcast room in Wenfeng Town, Wuxi County, Chongqing. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

  Wuxi county is a key county for national rural revitalization, and the production of cloth shoes is a traditional industry in this county. He Caiming, the founder of He Hang Shoes, returned to his hometown to start a business more than 8 years ago, applied for a video number more than 1 year ago, and led more than 20 local "treasure moms" to become anchors with goods.

  The effect is very surprising: before the live broadcast, the annual sales of the shoe factory was stable between 2 million yuan and 3 million yuan. In 2021, it sold 4 million yuan only by live broadcast, and in 2022, the sales of live broadcast with goods reached 10 million yuan.

  "In the past, we had to go door-to-door to sell, but now we can sell our shoes through live broadcast at home." He Caiming deeply feels that as a new farmer, he should learn to make better use of digital tools.

  To do a good job in the word "production", we must work hard to improve the comprehensive benefits of agriculture.

  Learning to "dress up" and promote marketing of agricultural products, strengthening post-natal classification, packaging, warehousing, logistics and marketing of agricultural products, and promoting the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries will undoubtedly make more and more gold-lettered signboards of "local products" go out of the mountains, go to all parts of the motherland and enter more ordinary people’s homes.

Cross-regional illegal acquisition and sale of precious and endangered wild animals Qingdao, Shandong police arrested 8 suspects.

  In the current epidemic prevention and control work, wildlife protection has also become a common concern. Recently, the police in Huangdao jointly arrested eight suspects, including Yan Mouhua, who were suspected of illegally buying and selling precious and endangered wild animals, and took criminal compulsory measures according to law.

  On January 14th, Huangdao police received clues from the masses that wild animals such as rabbits were sold in a rural bazaar. The Criminal Investigation Brigade and Forest Police immediately launched an investigation with all their strength, arrested the suspect Cheng Mosen, and found 69 rabbits, 1 pheasant and 1 wild duck from his car on the spot.

  After the trial, Cheng Mosen, a native of Qingdao West Coast New District, confessed that he usually sold fish, and all the wild animals he sold were bought from another fishmonger, Pei Mouhua. Through preliminary investigation, Huangdao police found that there may be many people suspected of illegally buying and selling precious and endangered wild animals. Through more careful investigation, Pei Mouhua was arrested and brought to justice, and 9 rabbits and 26 wild birds were found in the refrigerator of Pei Mouhua’s home, including the national second-class protected animal owl.

  According to Yan Mouhua’s confession, since December 2019, he has sold 110 rabbits, 1 pheasant and 3 wild ducks to Cheng Mosen. In addition, Pei Mouhua confessed to selling 40 rabbits, more than 260 wild birds such as wild ducks, pheasants and turtledoves, and a number of miscellaneous birds to a hotel. The investigation by the police investigating the case found that all the wild animals sold by Yan Mouhua came from Yan Mochao, a villager in his same village, so he arrested Yan Mochao and later arrested his accomplice Yu Mouming. According to Yan Mochao and Yu Moming’s confession, from December 2019 to January this year, they went to some vegetable markets in Qixia City and Rushan City to find some live poultry shops to buy wild animals and earn the difference through selling. The police dug deep along the clues and arrested four suspects, including Fan Mouqiang. So far, a cross-regional criminal chain of illegal acquisition and sale of precious and endangered wild animals was cut off by Huangdao police.

  According to the investigation of Huangdao police, rabbits are the main wild animals sold by Yimouchao and others, including Oriental horned owl, small owl with longitudinal stripes, collar horned owl, long-eared owl and other national second-class protected animals. Grass rabbits and common nighthawks are "three-owned" protected animals that are prohibited from killing according to the wildlife protection law. At present, Yan Mouhua was arrested for the crime of illegally purchasing precious wild animals, and seven suspects, including Yan Mochao, were taken criminal compulsory measures according to law. The case is under further investigation. (Legal Daily All-Media Reporter Cao Tianjian Correspondent Qi Linxin)

Challenges and Countermeasures of Building a New Data Factor Market System in China

  Abstract:China’s economy has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development. At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, data was added as a factor of production for the first time, and it is required to establish and improve the mechanism that the market evaluates the contribution and determines the remuneration according to the contribution, which will have a far-reaching impact on future government governance and economic and social development. This paper systematically expounds the great significance of building a super-large-scale data element market in China, deeply analyzes the challenges faced by deepening the market-oriented allocation of data elements in China from six aspects: weak overall planning, lack of data legislation, large bottleneck in the trading market, low efficiency in the allocation of innovative resources, difficult supervision of the data market, and poor data security, and puts forward practical solutions from the aspects of building a public platform, improving market requirements, studying supporting policies, promoting synergy and optimizing market structure.

  Key words:Data elements; Data governance; Data security; Data transaction; Data market; Digital transformation

  DOI:10.16582/j.cnki.dzzw.2020.03.001

  I. Introduction

  In today’s world, the value of data in the global economic operation is increasingly prominent, and the international competition for the commanding heights of the digital economy is becoming increasingly fierce. In the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Perfecting the Socialism with Chinese characteristics System and Promoting the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) adopted by the resolution of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, data was added as a factor of production for the first time, and it was required to establish and improve the mechanism of evaluating the contribution by the market and determining the remuneration according to the contribution. Vice Premier Liu He pointed out: "As a factor of production, data reflects that with the acceleration of digital transformation of economic activities, the multiplier effect of data on improving production efficiency has become prominent and has become an important change of the new factor of production with the most characteristics of the times." [1] China has a vast territory, a large population and a huge economy, and the scale of economic and social operation data ranks first in the world. According to IDC’s calculation, from 2018 to 2025, the amount of data owned by China will increase from 7.5ZB to 48.6ZB, accounting for 27.8% of the world, much higher than the 17.5% of the United States. [2] From the perspective of data scale and magnitude, all conditions for China to build a world-leading ultra-large-scale data market have been met, which is the strategic commanding height for China’s economic and social development to surpass its main competitors in the next decade. Under this background, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee proposed to establish and improve the data factor market system, which reflected the current national regulation and management of data, and it was moving from spontaneous to conscious stage, which was helpful for China to realize the superposition of the advantages of online super-large-scale data and offline super-large-scale market, and to turn the "demographic dividend".The "cost dividend" is "data dividend" and "innovation dividend", which is helpful to seize the priority of the new track in the global competition of digital economy. Taking data as an element participating in distribution will play a guiding role in the development of digital economy, guide enterprises to pay more attention to data elements, release productivity, promote the birth of new formats, new models and new advantages of digital economy, and then improve the economic governance of the country in the market economy system. On the basis of discussing the necessity and significance of using data as a factor of production at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, this paper analyzes the challenges it faces and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.

  Second, the significance and necessity of building a data element market

  Looking back on the development of human beings in the past thousands of years, the development of production factors in the economic cycle has experienced the transformation of land in the agricultural economy era, energy and factory buildings in the industrial economy era, and then to the digital economy with data and knowledge as the core. The role of data in driving industrial intelligence and promoting new production organization forms is constantly emerging, and it is also a part of the industrial revolution represented by Kondratiev’s long wave theory. [3] Victor Mayer-schoenberg [4] and Steve Lohr et al. [5] systematically discussed the changes of data resources and technology to the business model of human society, and summarized them into three basic characteristics: First, from the perspective of scale of production methods, it is believed that data elements can be used to describe the scale characteristics of new forms of labor materials, and the production scale is expanded when the production of big data is connected with computer networks; Second, from the perspective of production mode automation, the automation and intelligence of data elements can promote the solution of business intelligence problems; Third, from the perspective of the generation form of labor materials, compared with the first or second industrial revolution, machines need to match the industrial system to promote economic development, and big data needs an Internet of Things system to play its economic value, thus becoming labor materials and promoting economic development. As human society enters the era of digital economy, data plays an unprecedented role in improving the total factor productivity and becomes the core strategic resource of analogy land and energy. This is an important trend of modern economic development, and the distribution relationship must reflect this trend change with the times. Therefore, explore the establishment of a new market distribution mechanism for data elements,It is an important measure to promote economic transformation and upgrading and achieve high-quality development.

  (1) The strategic need to seize the commanding heights of global competition in the future In the development process of the information revolution, the core value of data in the global economic operation is becoming more and more prominent. If oil is the core resource in the industrial economy era, then data is the most important strategic resource in the digital economy era. The "computing power" systems such as distributed computing, high-performance computing, graph computing, intelligent computing, edge computing and quantum computing, which are generated around the demand of massive data analysis and processing, have become an important engine of economic development. The core production factor of digital economy is data, which is the key achievement of information revolution. In other words, data elements will become an important factor affecting the level of industrialization in the future. [6] At present, the value of data in the global economic operation is increasingly prominent, and the international competition for the commanding heights of the digital economy is becoming increasingly fierce. According to the planning and deployment of "Industrial Internet" in the United States, "Industry 4.0" in Germany and "Intelligent Manufacturing 2025" in China, data elements will accelerate their penetration into the manufacturing sector, and at the same time, they will be deeply integrated with emerging manufacturing technologies to promote major changes in the market. [7] At the same time, the global aging trend is becoming more and more obvious, and the economic and financial cycle is facing adjustment, which brings pressure to economic growth to a certain extent, which means that the economic structure of China is bound to change. If we say that in the past few decades, China has lagged behind in global competition by relying on the demographic dividend [8] and the expansion of real estate and financial capital [9], then in the next few decades, we will accelerate the construction of the data factor market and fully release the data dividend and innovation dividend.It will be the overall strategy to seize the priority of the new track in the global competition of digital economy.

  (B) the only way to effectively liberate digital productive forces

  The significance of taking data as a factor of production is reflected in two aspects. First, data contributes to economic growth, which can improve economic production efficiency and promote the creation of new products and services. Second, as a factor participating in distribution, it involves the change of economic structure, especially the substitution of original production factors such as labor, land, capital and technology. The change of economic structure and the change of factors have an impact on production distribution, which will have a far-reaching impact on income distribution. [10] On the one hand, the reconstruction of data elements for the production system is reflected in the ability to form a closed loop of production. Just as the supply of capital elements comes from capital accumulation, the supply of data elements depends on the wide application of communication infrastructure. On the other hand, the supply-side structural reform proposed at present is not only a superficial product problem, but actually requires the optimal combination of various production factors. On the basis of the gradual improvement of Internet facilities, there are many bottlenecks in the current circulation of data resources in China. As a production factor, there are still many problems such as the lack of commercialization and capitalization mechanism, the inability to define ownership, the inability to evaluate quality, the inability to effectively price and the inability to trust circulation. Various institutions are worried about the sharing and circulation of data, so the data resources are seriously divided and the factors are serious. Only by establishing a market distribution mechanism conducive to the free circulation of data resource elements and effectively eliminating the existing phenomena such as data monopoly, data abuse and illegal transactions can we liberate and develop digital productive forces and improve digital production relations.Adapt to the change of supply and demand structure.

  (3) An important starting point for promoting high-quality economic development

  Information and communication technology is the most typical general technology today. With its development and evolution, it has a very broad application prospect, and its use is less constrained by individuals, and it can be applied to all industries and activities. [11] As a product of the information age, data has three basic conditions to promote high-quality economic development: first, the cost is relatively low and the relative cost is rapidly declining; second, the supply capacity is long-term infinite; third, it has broad application prospects in the development of market economy [12], and it has the characteristics of high liquidity, high initial fixed cost, zero marginal cost and cumulative spillover effect [13]. The data has a wide radiation-driven effect on all sectors of the national economy, which is helpful to improve the total factor productivity. According to statistics, digitalization has contributed more than 40% to the growth of labor productivity in the United States over the past decade. According to IDC statistics, in recent five years, the number of servers owned by enterprises in the United States, Japan and Britain was 2.18 times, 2.13 times and 2 times that of China respectively. In terms of industries, China’s industrial digitalization is characterized by a soft structure. The digital penetration rates of primary, secondary and tertiary industries are 1.3%, 3.6% and 17.2% respectively, and the trend of deviating from reality to virtuality is obvious. From the perspective of manufacturing system, the new manufacturing system with data as the core input will be more flexible. First, the new production system will replace the original rigid production system. Second, it can promote mass production to mass customization. Third, it will increase the added value of data elements in the era of knowledge economy. Fourth, it will promote the decentralized development of production capacity. Therefore, accelerating the cultivation of data factor market will help promote the deep integration of digital economy and real economy.Realize the transformation and upgrading from "Made in China" to "Made in China", and transform the "potential energy" of data resources into "kinetic energy" of high-quality development.

  (D) to seek a breakthrough in the asymmetric advantages of global scientific and technological competition

  At present, an important feature of the new round of scientific and technological revolution is that big data and technological innovation in core areas show a trend of cross-integration. Take life science as an example. At present, the total amount of data generated in the world every year is as high as EB level, and the international published biological data reaches 450TB;. In the field of space science, the earth observation data generated by global satellites and other systems reach TB level every day. In a sense, the current life science, space science and energy science are all typical big data science, and their innovation models strictly follow the data-driven innovation paradigm. At present, the convergence and sharing of scientific and technological innovation data resources in China is slow, and the gap is obvious compared with developed countries. Many high-value scientific data have not been fully shared and used in China and have flowed abroad. In the field of life sciences, since 1980s, the United States, Europe and Japan have started to build world-class biological data centers. The three biological data centers, National Biotechnology Information Center (NCBI), European Institute of Bioinformatics (EBI) and Japan DNA Database (DDBJ), have mastered and managed the world’s major biological data and knowledge resources, and are in a data monopoly position. At present, there is no similar comprehensive life science data center in China, and scientific research is highly dependent on overseas data. 55% of the international biological data downloads of up to 1.1PB per year come from China. In the future, we should promote the collection, sharing and circulation of national scientific data in an orderly manner through the establishment of market mechanism of data elements, and fully promote the collaborative innovation of Industry-University-Research with big data as the link.In the direction of blockchain, big data, 5G, artificial intelligence and energy revolution, we will seek new asymmetric advantage growth points in the new round of global science and technology competition.

  (E) A new link to promote the coordinated development of China’s regions

  Data elements have unique properties beyond time and space, which are having a subversive impact on economic geography. As Lu Zi [14] said: "The traditional geography of countries and coastlines is being replaced by new geography focusing on telephone numbers, satellite tracking and Internet addresses, and geography will be devoted to explaining the new space and its potential applications." At present, a series of regional integration data applications and innovation and entrepreneurship pilots have been carried out around the coordinated development strategies of major regions such as the "Belt and Road", the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It can be seen that the traditional economic theory pays attention to regional economic development, while the concept of coordinated development based on the overall situation of national development by the Supreme Leader General Secretary goes far beyond the scope of traditional economic research. The way to achieve coordinated regional development is to promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of different regions in economic, social, cultural, social and ecological dimensions, narrow the regional digital divide, and finally meet people’s needs for a better life, so that digital achievements can truly benefit the people, facilitate the people and benefit the people. The data has the characteristics of spanning time and space, and it is the link of cross-domain circulation of talents, capital, technology and industrial resources in the digital economy era. At present, several regional coordinated development strategies that China is promoting all take the cross-regional circulation of data resources as an important starting point. From a national perspective, the development of digital economy in China’s eastern, central and western regions is structurally unbalanced, and the eastern region has strong innovation ability, but the computing infrastructure resources are tight; The central and western regions are rich in energy and computing power resources, but the level of industrial development is low, and energy resources have not been fully utilized.By building a nationwide data element circulation market, it will help to accelerate the regional coordinated development strategy, create a new digital economy growth pole in the central and western regions, and form a new pattern of coordinated development in the eastern, central and western regions.

  Three, the six challenges of developing the data factor market

  As a brand-new factor of production in the era of digital economy, data has the characteristics of externality, non-structure, non-standardization, variability of resource targets, diminishing marginal costs and increasing returns to scale, which makes many problems and challenges to be solved in all aspects of data ownership definition, price formation, transaction circulation, development and utilization.

  (A) data co-ordination is weak

  Strong overall coordination and efficient integration of resources are the primary conditions for the development of the data factor market. At present, the open sharing of data resources in China has just started, and the ideological understanding of all walks of life is inconsistent, and the overall system of data opening is not yet mature. On the one hand, there is insufficient coordination at the central level. Since 2015, the inter-ministerial joint conference system for promoting the development of big data has played an important coordinating role, but it is difficult to solve a series of problems such as more professional and detailed overall decision-making and implementation that must be matched to build a very large-scale data market in the future. At the level of ministries and commissions, more than 60% of the State Council’s constituent departments, directly affiliated ad hoc organizations and directly affiliated institutions issued big data development documents in corresponding fields (see Table 1), and started the construction of big data center system in this industry. Various ministries and commissions have strengthened data management in this industry, but the problems such as numerous chimneys, compartmentalization and redundant construction are more prominent, and it is still very difficult to coordinate across departments, systems and regions, and it is difficult to form an overall synergy. In the future, faced with the characteristics of super-large scale, super-wide field, super-complex technology and full-time supervision of data circulation, the defects and obstacles of the current management system and mechanism with no top level, no connection between top and bottom and no horizontal access have become very prominent.

Table 1 Relevant documents of national ministries to promote the development of big data

  On the other hand, at the local level, since this round of institutional reform, 25 provincial-level places have established big data management institutions, and the forms of the established institutions are the establishment of big data management bureaus, government service data management bureaus and big data management centers. Due to the lack of overall planning, there are various big data institutions in various places, some of which are in charge of provincial governments, some of which are under the general office, the Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission and other functional ministries. The diversity of institutional nature brings about different operational mechanisms (see Table 2).

Table 2 Overview of local big data institutions and functions

  (B) Data legislation to be broken

  As a virtual object, the composition of data rights system is different from that of real objects. From a global perspective, the problem of data confirmation is a huge challenge. Especially with the increasingly developed economy of Internet platform, the generation process of data ownership becomes more complicated and changeable. At present, China’s legislation on data openness, data transaction and data security needs to be broken through. First of all, the legal theory and legislation on the level of data openness are generally lagging behind. As a kind of virtual environment goods, the composition and definition of data’s rights system are quite different from traditional real objects, so it is necessary to expand and improve the traditional theory of civil rights system. At present, the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information has not adapted to the management of data openness, and the principles, platforms and management systems of data openness need to be further improved. Secondly, the process of data ownership and transaction generation is diverse, changeable and complex. For example, in terms of data transactions, data ownership, market access for data transactions, market supervision and dispute resolution mechanisms have not yet been legislated. Take the online car ride as an example. After the original number of users is collected by the platform and transmitted through the operator’s network, the related data may be related to consumers, platforms, operators and regulatory authorities at the same time. There are three perspectives of national data sovereignty, data property rights and data personality rights in the definition of its ownership, so it is difficult to unify the standards. Finally, data security, as a thorny issue, increases the difficulty of data confirmation. After the promulgation of the Network Security Law, there are many vague areas in the definition of key information infrastructure, the review of network products and services, and the definition of network operators’ security obligations.Further affect the effective confirmation of data. At the same time, western countries have made breakthroughs in the past two years and issued a number of special laws and regulations. The EU issued the General Data Protection Regulation; Britain has provided supervision and mandatory restrictions on the government’s opening of data by revising the Freedom Protection Act and issuing the Public Sector Information Reuse Directive, thus preparing a strong legal guarantee for data reuse. The United States guarantees the openness of government data through a series of legal provisions such as the Open Government Data Act, the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act [15]; Japan’s "Guide to the signing of artificial intelligence and data utilization" has systematically defined data ownership and other issues. In contrast, although China’s General Principles of Civil Law stipulates the protection of personal information and data, it lacks a special subordinate law, which has obviously lagged behind western countries in the legislative practice of data confirmation. Different from western countries, China’s data legislation is first reflected in the national strategic planning. In August 2015, the State Council promulgated the Action Plan for Promoting Big Data Development. Although this document has a leading role in promoting data legislation, it has a weak consideration of data security factors. [16]

  (C) the trading market is difficult to cultivate

  Data has the characteristics of exclusiveness, difference in quality and value, high collection cost, etc. Therefore, the barriers to entry in the big data market have been improved and market monopoly has been formed. [17] On the one hand, the high data cost reduces the availability of data; On the other hand, the quality and value of data will decrease with the passage of time. For enterprises, if the effectiveness and relevance of data cannot be guaranteed, their competitive advantage will be lost. In order to promote the development of data trading market and stimulate the vitality of market participants, it is particularly urgent to clarify the standards and forms of data trading. At present, the cultivation of data trading market faces the following five problems: First, the system of data standardization, capitalization and commercialization has not yet been established. When all parties carry out data sharing and circulation, it is impossible to establish a unified data market because of the lack of unified standards. Second, there is a lack of data revenue and cost estimation mechanisms. This is because the value of data will change with the changes of transaction subjects and application scenarios, and the problem of information asymmetry is prone to occur in the transaction process. Third, it is difficult to establish a trust mechanism between the two parties to the transaction, and it is difficult to solve the problem of grasping the flow direction of data use. Fourth, the data pricing model lacks a systematic framework. At present, a large number of scattered data transaction pricing are aimed at application scenarios, lacking a unified data pricing standard. Fifth, the elements of forming a trading market are not yet available, and China still lacks a trading element system to realize data capitalization, commercialization and standardization, which restricts the formation of a data trading market. In the pre-transaction stage, there is a lack of evaluation system for data products and traders, and the data quality is difficult to guarantee.Dirty data and false data can be seen everywhere. In the middle stage of transaction, there is no unified pricing system for transaction matching, and it relies on peer-to-peer transaction or even "data black market", which intensifies the breeding of data abuse and fraud. In the post-transaction stage, there is a lack of a unified national data trusted circulation system, and the application of new technologies such as blockchain is insufficient, which further hinders the smooth transaction and circulation of data elements.

  (D) the allocation of innovative resources is difficult

  In the era of digital economy, the space of resource allocation is gradually widened, from the original physical space to the cyberspace, and cross-regional system innovation is possible, but the supporting marketing services, general technologies and standards have not been established and improved, which has affected the allocation of innovative resources to some extent. [18] At present, the problems faced by the allocation of data resources are mainly concentrated in the following four aspects: First, at the government management level, the barriers to data resource sharing are still difficult to break, various ministries and commissions are in charge of industry data, and the functions of local big data institutions are not unified enough. As a result, the scheduling of data resources lacks overall management, the problem of fragmentation is widespread, and the sharing channels are not smooth. Second, it is difficult to connect data resources between government and enterprises. On the one hand, China’s government data opening has just started, and the size of the national open data set is only 1/9 of that of the United States, and only 7% of the enterprise production and operation data comes from the government. On the other hand, companies and enterprises in the market environment, especially the super-large Internet enterprises with massive data, have low willingness to open data resources to the government for the protection of users’ privacy and the maintenance of commercial interests. Third, at the market level, the boundaries of echelon division of Internet companies have gradually become clear, and the monopoly phenomenon has become prominent, forming data sharing camps such as "Ali Department" and "Tencent Department". The data barriers between them are strict, which hinders the pace of integration of the data factor market. Fourthly, at the level of synergy in Industry-University-Research, there is a serious disconnect between the data and innovation chain. Scientific research institutions in colleges and universities with talents and technologies lack first-hand data to carry out research.There is a lack of data analysis talents in government agencies and head Internet companies with massive data, which brings the dilemma of "two skins" in the field of big data.

  (E) Difficult data market supervision

  The combination of digital technology and market system has reconstructed the relationship structure among participants in the market, and also brought new market competition modes and rules. However, most of the current market supervision was born in the era of industrial economy, and there are still many places that are not suitable for the development of digital economy. This is because the competition in the digital economy market has increased the online dimension, which is a dimension-upgrading competition. After the dimension-upgrading, the digital market competition not only gives enterprises stronger capabilities, but also brings irregular competition. For example, the supervision measures for monopoly platform enterprises need to be strengthened. At present, in the key areas of digital economy, such as social media, sharing economy, mobile payment and e-commerce, the phenomenon of platform monopoly has become increasingly prominent. The scale and value of data resources mastered by some super-large enterprises have even surpassed that of government regulatory authorities, and there is a hidden danger of forming a "land outside the law" in the data market. At present, three "inadaptability" problems in data factor market supervision deserve attention. First, the original supervision mode for traditional enterprises is not compatible with the efficient liquidity of the data factor market. It is urgent to establish a new supervision mode before and after the event and strengthen the emergency response and handling ability of major emergencies in the digital economy. Second, the fragmented regulatory system is incompatible with the synergy of the data factor market. Under the compartmentalized and localized data management mechanism, the regulatory power of a single department or a single region is no longer enough to meet the cross-regional, cross-industry and cross-level data regulatory needs driven by "internet plus" and "Big Data+". Third, the traditional offline supervision means are not compatible with the online and offline integration characteristics of the data factor market.For example, some data-based enterprises in the fields of education, travel, medical care, finance, etc. are difficult to obtain corresponding licenses and qualifications with full reference to the qualifications of offline business entities, which invisibly raises the threshold for entrepreneurship.

  (VI) Difficulties in ensuring data security

  In the field of national governance, security is the most important issue in the whole system. Jovan Kurbalija and others have defined the standard of Internet security, which mainly includes three factors: one is the type of behavior, including data theft, data interference, illegal intrusion, spyware and identity theft; The second is the types of criminals, including hackers, cyber criminals, cyber fighters or cyber terrorists. The third is the target type, mainly including individuals, private enterprises and public institutions, key infrastructure, government and military facilities. [19] To a certain extent, data security has become a key common issue related to national political, economic, social, cultural, military and diplomatic security. At the end of 2017, the National Security Strategy Report issued by the Trump administration in the United States pointed out that the United States will expand its focus from only protecting network security to protecting network and its data security at the same time, and further impose a series of normative constraints on open data, trying to find a balance between data openness and national security, law enforcement, and personal privacy protection. At present, the development of data factor market in China also needs to pay close attention to data security. First, the hidden danger of the data "Achilles heel" has become increasingly prominent. In the process of China’s digital economy development and digital government construction, citizens, enterprises and social organizations and other massive data related to social security, household registration, disease control and policies are being integrated and stored on a large scale. Once these data are leaked, it may cause privacy exposure and economic damage to individuals.It may cause the leakage of core business data and business secrets to enterprises and institutions, and may cause problems such as chaotic regulation, wrong decision-making and paralysis of governance to the government. Second, the particularity of big data technology poses new challenges to security technology. On the one hand, the information system architecture of key technologies will face changes, but it is bound to bring vulnerability risks. At present, most big data platforms are secondary developed based on Hadoop framework, and the security mechanism is lacking and the security guarantee ability is weak. Third, the overall strength of the network security industry is weak. There are security problems at the individual, enterprise, national and international levels, as well as the underlying technology of the Internet. Hacking attacks, cyber crimes, cyber theft and other Internet security incidents occur frequently.

  Four, five countermeasures to build the data factor market

  Considering data as a new factor of production shows that data will change from helping economic development to leading economic development. Therefore, we should adhere to the combination of "visible hand" and "invisible hand" and make concerted efforts in many aspects to promote the construction of a data factor market with clear and reasonable ownership, autonomous and orderly flow and efficient and fair allocation, and give play to the role of data in enhancing the productivity of market economy. The country should speed up infrastructure construction, and the transformation and construction of Internet and energy network is the key to promote the extensive and deep integration of informatization and industrialization, and it is also the main direction to promote high-quality development. At the same time, it should strengthen market cultivation, establish new data factor policies, promote industrial linkage, optimize the economic development structure, and shape new competitive advantages in the digital economy era.

  (1) Building a big platform: building a public service platform for data circulation in the whole society.

  To improve the data element market, the construction of the basic platform can not be ignored. From the perspective of development space, with the accelerated promotion of new technologies such as 5G and blockchain in the next decade, the infrastructure of the data element market will face huge bottlenecks. Accelerate the construction of a national integrated national big data center system, and establish and improve a public service system for data element circulation in four directions: "political-political" data sharing, "political-enterprise" data opening, "enterprise-political" data collection and "enterprise-enterprise" data interoperability. The first is to improve the public data sharing and exchange platform system. Deepen the integration and sharing of government information systems, build a national information exchange system, establish a data sharing and exchange mechanism covering various government departments and public departments at all levels, and promote cross-regional, cross-departmental and cross-level government data sharing. The second is to establish and improve the national public data open system. First of all, departments at all levels need to improve and perfect the public data opening system, formulate data opening processes and plans, open relevant data sets on the premise of strengthening security and privacy protection, and form a national intelligence crowdsourcing mechanism for big data development and utilization. The third is to establish and improve the socialized data collection system. Clean up, integrate and coordinate the data collection and information reporting channels of governments at all levels for social organizations, establish a unified acquisition and cooperation mechanism for social data according to laws and regulations, explore the establishment of a data directory filing mechanism for super-large-scale head Internet enterprises, promote the platform docking of government data and social data, and give full play to the joint efforts of social governance. The fourth is to establish a national data resource circulation and trading system.Build a whole-process data element flow platform including data transaction matching, transaction supervision, asset pricing and dispute arbitration, and clarify the mechanisms of data registration, evaluation, pricing, transaction tracking and security audit. Establish a quality evaluation and credit rating system for data resources in the whole society. Integrate new technologies such as blockchain and build a platform for data authorization, data traceability and data integrity detection in the whole society. On the basis of the above, we will build a new infrastructure system for ultra-large-scale data. Create a "national digital network", promote the "east-to-west calculation", realize the effective connection between industrial resources in the east and computing power and energy in the west, and at the same time cooperate with countries such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao and the Yangtze River Delta to build regional data centers, forming a new pattern of coordinated development of East, West and China with data as the link.

  (B) Cultivate a large market: create a market environment that facilitates the circulation of data elements.

  The construction of circulation environment should be guided by the application demand, accurately meet the market demand, adhere to the principle of multi-synergy and co-governance, give full play to the advantages of government and market resources, strengthen the system construction of data pricing, access supervision, fair competition, cross-border circulation and risk prevention, and create a healthy and sustainable data market environment. The first is to establish a basic framework for data pricing. We will build a national unified registration and confirmation system for data resources, dynamically manage the ownership definition and circulation of original data, desensitized data, modeled data and artificial intelligent data by hierarchical classification, and form a confirmation framework covering data generation, use, collection, storage, monitoring, revenue, statistics, auditing and other aspects for different time and space and different subjects. Explore the establishment of a data resource circulation pricing mechanism that combines cost pricing with revenue pricing, and one-time pricing with long-term pricing. The second is to simplify the data market access mechanism. Revise and improve the existing legal regulations such as the Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services, lower the entry threshold for new technologies, new businesses and entrepreneurial enterprises in the data field, clarify the relationship between pre-approval and business access in combination with the requirements of commercial system reform, and simplify and standardize the filing system for market access of data services by combining positive guidance list, negative prohibition list and certification rating of third-party institutions. The third is to strengthen post-event supervision. We will sort out the regulatory links and online and offline regulatory elements for the development of the data industry, and improve the post-event regulatory means based on data and with credit as the core.Establish an information collection and reporting mechanism covering the market competition, changes in equity, service operation, information security, resource management and other aspects of data enterprises, study and form regulatory governance means for new unfair competition behaviors such as data traffic fraud, privacy disclosure, data disclosure and abuse, and explore the establishment of a new regulatory mechanism involving government, platform-based enterprises, data market entities and individuals. The fourth is to explore and improve the market mechanism of cross-border data circulation. Make full use of new technologies such as blockchain to explore the establishment of an open and transparent cross-border data flow supervision system and actively participate in the formulation of relevant international rules for the cross-border data circulation market. Relying on Hainan Free Trade Zone (Hong Kong) and Shenzhen Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pilot Demonstration Zone, pilot domestic offshore data center services will be carried out, a number of global data ports will be built, and foreign service providers will be allowed to set up joint ventures or wholly-owned enterprises in the free trade zone to develop export-oriented data services. The fifth is to establish a data market risk prevention and control system. Establish an enterprise-oriented data security filing mechanism to improve the ability of emergency resolution of data security incidents. Establish an early warning mechanism for data market security risks, respond to social problems such as changes in employment structure, privacy disclosure and data discrimination brought by data in advance, and strictly control data capital market risks. Establish a risk prevention and control mechanism for cross-border data flow, and strengthen cross-border data flow monitoring and business collaborative supervision. Strengthen the security of digital infrastructure in key areas, effectively increase the procurement and promotion of independent security products, and protect patents, digital copyrights, trade secrets and personal privacy data.

  (C) Study the grand policy: improve the toolbox of data elements distribution policy.

  The establishment of market elements is inseparable from the constraints of laws and policies, and the laws of fair competition in the big data market need to be coordinated with each other. On the one hand, the definition of data ownership is the premise of orderly competition in the big data market. On the other hand, data policies and legislation need to be closely integrated with anti-monopoly law, civil law, privacy law, data protection law and consumer rights protection law. [20] Therefore, we should adhere to prudence and tolerance, adapt and optimize the policies related to the circulation of data elements in finance, taxation, finance, investment, etc., and establish a policy toolbox for the distribution of data elements that matches the digital productivity. First, explore and promote the application of "data finance" model in government governance. We will promote the operation and value-added development and utilization of public data assets in an orderly manner, explore the reform model of financial management system linked to the contribution of digital economy and fiscal expenditure, and gradually form a benign model of open sharing of government data to promote local fiscal revenue. The second is to establish and improve the tax collection and management system that adapts to the characteristics of data elements. Establish a cross-regional joint tax collection and management mechanism for large-scale platform enterprises, explore tax deduction policies that encourage enterprises to safely share regulatory data with the government, increase tax incentives for small and micro enterprises and technological innovation enterprises with data as the core, and actively participate in the construction of international tax rules system for digital economy. The third is to vigorously develop digital finance and promote the digital transformation of the financial system. Implement and improve financial policies that adapt to the marketization of data elements, actively explore the application of new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence in supervising the financial market, and give play to the role of financial institutions in the trading market.Encourage financial institutions to carry out business innovation. Optimize the investment structure in the digital economy infrastructure field, strengthen investment guidance, effectively change the orientation of government investment in the digital economy field of "emphasizing hardware, neglecting software, emphasizing construction, neglecting application, emphasizing supervision and neglecting service", and guide social capital to participate in digital economy investment. The fourth is to solve the problem of data confirmation and legislation. We should establish a data property right framework oriented to promote industrial development, dynamically manage the ownership of original data, desensitized data, modeled data and artificial intelligent data by hierarchical classification, establish a unified registration and confirmation system of national data resources, and speed up the progress of data legislation. The fifth is to build a macro-policy toolbox that is suitable for the data market. Improve financial and taxation policies, promote the transformation of land finance to data finance, explore cross-domain tax collection and management of data economy, and vigorously develop digital finance. Optimize the macro-economic troika, strengthen data-driven consumption upgrading, increase digital effective investment, and promote the construction of "Digital Silk Road".

  (D) Promote great linkage: promote the deep integration of data and other innovative elements.

  Today, with the rapid development of digitalization and intelligence, various enterprises are realizing the intelligence and informatization of production through the construction of "smart factories". At the same time, make full use of Internet marketing platform to form users’ thinking, improve product innovation and design ability, realize product personalization and diversification, improve the efficiency and level of resource utilization and enterprise management, and promote the flattening and rationalization of organizational structure. [21] This is because the improvement of data elements is of great significance for deepening and upgrading the industrial chain. Therefore, we explore the establishment of a "five-chain synergy" institutional framework that effectively links the industrial chain, innovation chain, capital chain and talent chain with data links, and promote the establishment of an industrial system in which the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance and human resources develop synergistically. First, focus on the industrial chain and connect innovation chain with data links. Vigorously promote the construction of scientific data sharing platform and promote data-driven innovation research and development. We will build a collaborative innovation system in Industry-University-Research with data as the link, encourage the establishment of an open and innovative public platform for big data and artificial intelligence in the form of "government-assisted private", and form a crowdsourcing model for big data intelligence. The second is to activate the capital chain with the data chain around the industrial chain. Establish an industrial operation monitoring and precision investment system based on big data, set up intellectual property funds, collaborative innovation funds and industrial M&A funds for different links in the industrial chain, form a precise investment and financing channel for the whole chain, and promote the convergence of funds to real economic enterprises with competitive advantages. The third is to rely on the industrial chain and cultivate the talent chain with the data chain. Relying on the advantages of key industry data clusters, we will build big data practice training platforms for different industries.Cultivate world-class data scientists, engineers and high-level innovation teams. Give full play to the advantages of accurate portrait of big data talents and matching supply and demand, provide "agent", "one-stop" and "all-weather" services for talents at all levels, and promote the same frequency resonance of industrial chain, data chain and talent chain.

  (E) Optimize the macro structure: fully release the transformation and driving role of data elements.

  The flow of production factors is conducive to the shift of economic center of gravity. While improving the allocation efficiency of data elements, it is necessary to deeply analyze the root causes that affect the supply-side structural reform and seek the best position of data elements in the market structure. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote the deep integration of big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, 5G and other technical forms with the real economy, cultivate new kinetic energy with informationization, and promote new development with new kinetic energy, thus driving the quality change, efficiency change and power change of China’s economic development. The first is to optimize the power structure. On the consumer side, we should cultivate a new consumption format and model with data as the core, and strengthen the pulling effect of data on consumption upgrading. On the investment side, accelerate the construction of digital economic infrastructure such as big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain to stimulate effective investment. On the trade side, build a "Belt and Road" big data public service platform to provide data services for local governments and social organizations to "go global" and global trade decisions. The second is to optimize the industrial structure. We will comprehensively promote the application and industrial incubation of new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and 5G, and create a good "ecological environment" for the development of digital industries. Accelerate the digital transformation of industries, create an atmosphere of data innovation and entrepreneurship in generate where enterprises are competing for development and vitality, promote the big data transformation of "data-rich mining areas" such as the Internet, high-end manufacturing and modern agriculture, and give play to the "adhesive" effect of data to promote the integration and development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The third is to optimize the regional structure. Promote the construction of the "east-to-west calculation" project, and promote the effective connection between eastern industries and innovative resources and western computing power and energy resources.Form a new pattern of coordinated development of East, West and China with data as the link; We will build a number of regional data elements sharing and circulation hub projects in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the Yangtze River Delta, and give full play to the role of data elements as a link and bridge in promoting regional coordinated development.

  V. Conclusion

  With the in-depth development of big data, artificial intelligence and 5G, the trend of economic globalization is increasing day by day. In the network society based on information technology, its economic form is bound to change. As the "bull’s nose" leading the high-quality development of China in the future, the core of digital economy is the productivity based on data and the emphasis on profitability. Digitalization not only refers to the massive expansion of data production itself. It also means that the production technology and management mode adapt to the changes brought about by the information revolution, which can improve the production efficiency of various production fields in the economy, resulting in the formation of new economic paradigms and organizational forms, but at the same time, it also releases the productivity contained in traditional industries. Therefore, developing the digital economy, building a digital government and building a smart society all depend on the cultivation of a perfect and mature data factor market system. This paper systematically expounds the challenges and countermeasures faced by the cultivation of China’s data factor market system at present, hoping to provide useful reference for the follow-up industry, academia and government departments to carry out related work.

  Authors: Yu Shiyang, Director of Big Data Development Department of National Information Center, Wang Jiandong, Director, Guo Qiaomin, Ph.D. student of Peking University.

  This article was published in the third issue of E-government in 2020.

Big hand! The appointment of the first batch of national civil servants in the new year was released. I didn’t expect this position to occupy three seats.

  CCTV News:The new year is a new atmosphere. On the second day of 2018, the State Council announced the appointment of a number of national staff, three of which were about the appointment of university presidents: Zhang Jun was appointed as the president of Beijing Institute of Technology; Li Yanrong was appointed President of Sichuan University; Wu Pute was appointed president of Northwest A&F University. The author found that the resumes of these three new principals are remarkable.

  Zhang Jun, a 34-year-old Beihang: I can finally go to work 4 kilometers away this time.

  Image source: Beihang University website.

  Open Zhang Jun’s resume, and the column of work performance is full of fruits. He has long been engaged in the technical and systematic research and personnel training of civil aviation route network operation monitoring and satellite-based route operation monitoring. He has won the first prize of national technological invention and the first prize of national scientific and technological progress, and also won the China Youth Science and Technology Award, He Liang He Li Technological Innovation Award and the second prize of national teaching achievement; 35 national invention patents were authorized. In 2013, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.

  Zhang Jun has been the Party Secretary of Beihang University since 2015. It is worth mentioning that Zhang Jun is a "native" of Beihang University. He studied and worked in Beihang University for 34 years, entered the school in 1983, stayed in school as a teacher in 1990, obtained a doctorate in engineering from Beihang University in 2001, and became vice president and member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee in 2009. Although this time I only went to work in Beijing Institute of Technology, which is 4 kilometers away from Beihang University, Zhang Jun still expressed his deep attachment to his alma mater with a sentence of "a touch of clear and pure blue sky, a burning fire, and a deep feeling of reluctance".

  Li Yanrong, president of "online celebrity": Love is a part of the university, so we should recruit more girls.

 

  Image source: People’s Daily Online.

  Li Yanrong, also an academician of China Academy of Engineering, has been the president of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China since 2013. He has won 2 second prizes for national technological inventions and 8 provincial and ministerial prizes, published more than 260 publications and papers, and edited 4 books/teaching materials, and won the National Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars. He was the chief technical expert of 973 major projects.

  Speaking of Li Yanrong’s name, you may be unfamiliar, but you must have seen his video online. At the graduation ceremony of the University of Electronic Science and Technology in 2016, he said: "Love is a part of the university. I am also very anxious when my classmates complain that there are fewer girls. I also said that we should recruit more girls, but students should not only focus on our school." When this statement came out, it really made him a fire on the Internet.

  At the opening ceremony and graduation ceremony every year, there is always a catchy phrase that brings him close to the students. At the graduation ceremony in 2017, Li Yanrong told his classmates to "be an interesting person" and to tear off the label of "rigid" engineering male and science and engineering men. Interesting people have two common characteristics: read more and experience more, learn as much as possible and enhance their self-confidence. The second is to find and release the humorous, humorous and optimistic nature lurking in everyone’s heart, and be good at discovering truth, goodness and beauty from life to show their personality charm.

  In 2016, the University of Electronic Science and Technology held a "Fitness Run", and the main road of the school was closed. Li Yanrong was going to a meeting in a distant office building. It happened that he met a student riding a battery car, and Li Yanrong took the student’s battery car to the meeting place. This incident once became a story of the school. At the graduation ceremony of the University of Electronic Science and Technology in 2017, Li Yanrong also specifically mentioned: The little brother of the battery car who took me to the venue should graduate this year, right?

  It is such a "Duan Zishou" who is very close to the people and has made a lot of fruitful explorations in personnel training, scientific research, discipline construction, teaching staff and internationalization.

  Wu Pute, a Xinong: Rooted in Yangling in 37 years.

 

  Image source: People’s Daily Online.

  As a research expert who has been engaged in the efficient utilization of agricultural water and soil resources for a long time, Wu Pute has been selected as the leading talent in the national 100-million-person project in the new century and the national "10,000-person plan" for scientific and technological innovation, and won three national science and technology awards. He has also won the National Excellent Agricultural Science and Technology Worker, the National "May 1" Labor Medal, the China Agricultural Engineering Science and Technology Development Contribution Award, and the Outstanding Contribution Award for the Implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Science and Technology Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology.

  "My growth is full of the care of several generations of western farmers. My college studies started here, and my academic research started here. I have lived in Yangling, a fertile ground for science and education, for 37 years. " At the appointment meeting, Woopt said affectionately.

  Wu Pute used "sincere fear" to express his feelings after getting the baton. "I am sincere fear because Northwest A&F University has given me too much cultivation. I am a native science and education worker and school management cadre." Since 1999, seven scientific and educational institutions in Yangling merged into Northwest A&F University, Wu Pute became the fourth president after the joint school.

  At the end of his speech, Wu Pute expressed his goal after performing his duties as principal, "Draw a blueprint to the end, and provide ‘ for building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power; Xinong Wisdom ’ , contribute ‘ Western agricultural power ’ 。”

  The so-called great scholar is not a building, but a master. The report of the 19th National Congress pointed out that it is necessary to give priority to the development of education, run a satisfactory education for the people, speed up the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines, and realize the connotative development of higher education.

  The cultivation of outstanding young people can’t be separated from excellent schools, which are the places that undertake the sacred duties of educating people and educating people. Starting from the fact that education determines the future of mankind, the appointment of the three principals reflects China’s attitude and determination to education.

  "If the younger generation has ideals, skills and responsibilities, the country will have a future and the nation will have hope. The Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation cannot be separated from the relay struggle of generations of young people. " This is the earnest expectation of the Supreme Leader General Secretary for the younger generation and education in China. (Text/Dai Mengmeng)

Adhere to the idea of playing chess and rationally plan vocational education resources

  Vocational education is an important part of modern national education system, which plays a special and important role in implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents. This year’s government work report clearly stated that it is necessary to "promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas, vigorously develop vocational education, and promote the innovation of higher education". At present, what are the problems in the development of domestic vocational education? How to better promote the connection between vocational education and industrial demand? How to improve the running level of vocational education … … At the National People’s Congress, many deputies paid attention to topics related to vocational education and brought their own observations and thoughts.

  Luo Weihong, NPC deputy.

  Broaden the access to further studies and make vocational education more "promising"

  During the previous interview and investigation, Luo Weihong, deputy of the National People’s Congress and deputy director of the Standing Committee of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Congress in Zhejiang Province, summed up several dilemmas in the field of vocational education: the channels for vocational education to enter higher schools are narrow, the society is biased against vocational education, vocational education has not been organically linked with industrial development, and there are still many factors that hinder the high-quality development of vocational education. She suggested that it is necessary to promote the vertical integration of vocational education at different levels, speed up the establishment of the "vocational college entrance examination" system, improve the examination enrollment method of "cultural quality+vocational skills", and encourage head vocational colleges to pilot undergraduate vocational education or undergraduate majors.

  Vocational education is "dwarfed" and "narrowed"

  On the current problems faced by vocational education, Luo Weihong made a summary after visiting and investigating. "The first is the narrow channels for vocational education, and parents and students ‘ Always worry about ’ . According to the 2020 national sampling survey of secondary vocational school graduates by China Institute of Education and Finance Science of Peking University, among the nearly 20,000 samples, the proportion of entering higher education is about 65%, but only 6.5% of them enter undergraduate colleges. For a long time, vocational education ‘ Ceiling ’ Not really broken. "

  Secondly, vocational education is still "dwarfed" and "narrowed", and parents and students "disapprove". Luo Weihong found that the society generally pays more attention to general education than vocational education, and people and property are inclined to general education. For example, if the enrollment system is not comprehensive enough, the enrollment batches of students in vocational colleges are basically ranked last, and "job-general diversion" has become "job-general stratification"; Local land for education gives priority to ensuring general education, and the investment in vocational colleges is obviously insufficient, and the level of running schools is relatively low, which leads to the development of vocational education seriously lagging behind general education. At the same time, the society and parents have different degrees of prejudice against vocational education, thinking that vocational education is "ending education", "low-level education" or even "eliminating education", and the orientation of "only prestigious schools" and "only academic qualifications" in the recruitment and employment process of enterprises and institutions has not been fundamentally reversed.

  In addition, vocational education has failed to link up with industrial development organically, which also makes parents and students worry. On the one hand, the vocational education system is slow to respond to the needs of economic and social development, and there is no benign interaction mechanism between it and industrial development. The problems of "integration of production and education without integration" and "incompatibility between school and enterprise" still exist. On the other hand, the supply side of talent training and the demand side of industry can not fully adapt to the type structure, the quality of students and the technical level, and the supply and demand match is not enough. The data shows that in China’s workforce, senior technicians only account for 5% of the total number, which is much lower than that of Germany and Japan. The overall investment in training high-skilled talents is insufficient, the total number of talents is short, the structure is unreasonable, and leading talents are scarce.

  Continue to broaden the channels for further studies.

  How to unblock the "overpass" of vocational education and really support economic and social development and industrial transformation and upgrading? Luo Weihong believes that we should start with the training of talents, continuously broaden the channels for further studies, and make vocational education more "promising". "For example, strengthen the infiltration and integration of general education and vocational education in all periods, promote the horizontal integration of different types of education, and further improve the growth of talents ‘ Overpass ’ . Promote the vertical integration of vocational education at different levels and accelerate the establishment of ‘ Vocational college entrance examination ’ System, perfection ‘ Cultural quality+vocational skills ’ The examination enrollment method, improve the quality of students. Encourage head vocational colleges to pilot undergraduate vocational education or undergraduate majors, steadily promote the construction of undergraduate vocational education colleges, and improve the level of vocational education. "

  How to make vocational education more hopeful? Luo Weihong called for consensus to increase investment, establish a financial investment system that is compatible with the scale, training cost and quality of running a school, formulate and implement the standard of per student funding or public funding in vocational colleges according to regulations, and increase education funding to favor vocational education. Adhere to the idea of "one chess game", rationally plan and distribute vocational education resources, strengthen the guarantee of funds, land and other factors, give priority to planning and building vocational colleges in industrial clusters, and promote industrial development. Party and government organs, institutions and social organizations should take the lead in carrying out activities such as "Vocational Education Activity Week" and "Artisans’ Day" in depth, correct the orientation of "only prestigious schools" and "only academic qualifications" among employers, select advanced models such as model workers, skilled craftsmen and high-quality workers, create a good development environment for vocational education, reverse social prejudice against vocational education, and eliminate educational anxiety caused by the separation of vocational education and general education.

  Accurate docking of talent supply and demand

  To make vocational education more "learned", we must also accurately connect the supply and demand of talents. "To this end, to do a good job in industrial demand side management, relevant departments should study and formulate industry talent demand planning according to economic and social development, put forward the enrollment direction, quantity and skill requirements of vocational education, and guide vocational colleges to carry out professional settings. Relevant local departments at all levels should take the initiative to connect with senior vocational and technical colleges and build ‘ School-enterprise ’ Platform, release the recruitment needs of high-quality enterprises through the platform, etc., to transport young blood for high-quality enterprises and lay the foundation for cultivating blue-collar talents. In-depth exploration of the policy of supporting the integration of production and education, adhere to the principle of government leading and joint participation of enterprises and colleges, give certain tax incentives or related subsidies to participating enterprises, timely evaluate and revise relevant policies, and promote the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation to really play a role. Promote the implementation of the implementation plan for the reform of vocational education in various places, formulate relevant operational procedures, clarify the performance appraisal and distribution arrangements for the rest of the social service income of vocational colleges, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of colleges. " Luo Weihong said.

  "According to the needs of economic and social development, vocational colleges should closely connect with the trend of industrial upgrading and technological change, open more specialties that are in short supply and meet market demand, promote the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, attract more young people to receive vocational skills education, and promote the effective connection between education chain, talent chain and industrial chain, and innovation chain. In colleges and universities, students in vocational colleges should be encouraged and advocated to return to technical posts, providing youth strength for the sustainable development of ingenious enterprises and the grand blueprint for manufacturing a strong country. " Luo Weihong called for vocational education to gain its due social status and realize its real value. Text/reporter Jiang Ruojing

  Yang Jinlong, NPC deputy.

  Expanding the enrollment scale of vocational colleges and cultivating "new craftsmen" with high academic qualifications

  Rooted in the field of vocational education, Yang Jinlong, a representative of the National People’s Congress and a teacher of Hangzhou Technician College, has paid attention to some difficulties in the process of building vocational universities. For example, the scale of national vocational and technical universities is insufficient, and the structural contradiction between supply and demand of high-skilled talents exists in various places to varying degrees, and some high-quality and high-level technical talents with special skills are even more scarce. He believes that it is necessary to increase the index of public undergraduate vocational schools, increase the opportunities for colleges with "double-high plan" to upgrade their universities, and focus on supporting national "double-high plan" colleges with high degree of key industries, deep integration of production and education, distinctive school-running characteristics and excellent talent training quality.

  The construction scale of vocational universities is insufficient.

  Yang Jinlong found that the development of vocational undergraduate education is an important way to further optimize the positioning of vocational education types and cultivate more high-quality technical and technical talents, skilled craftsmen and artisans in big countries. However, there are still three problems to be solved in the process of building vocational universities in various places. "First of all, the construction scale of the National Vocational and Technical University is insufficient. In 2022, there were 6.62 million students enrolled in higher vocational education in China, including 41,400 students enrolled in vocational undergraduate education, accounting for less than 1%, far below the central government’s goal that the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate education should not be less than 10% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education in 2025. For example, in Shandong Province, where the national enrollment scale is relatively large, the enrollment of higher vocational education in 2022 is about 430,000, including about 18,000 vocational undergraduate students, accounting for 4% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education, which is far from the national goal. "

  At present, the development scale of vocational universities is limited by policies. Yang Jinlong said that in August, 2021, the Ministry of Education’s Notice on the Establishment Planning of Colleges and Universities during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period stipulated that "in principle, there should be no more than two vocational schools at the undergraduate level in each province (autonomous region or municipality)", which restricted the high-quality development of vocational education in some provinces and municipalities. In 2022, there were 32 vocational schools at undergraduate level in China, of which only 10 were public.

  The subject level of vocational education is low.

  Yang Jinlong found that the structural contradiction between supply and demand of high-skilled personnel exists in different degrees in all parts of the country, and there is a shortage of high-quality and high-level technical personnel in some special skills positions. "The main reason is that the subject level of vocational education is low, and skilled talents mainly come from secondary vocational schools, vocational high schools, technical schools and other secondary vocational schools. In addition, the orientation of some higher vocational colleges is not clear enough, and the pertinence and adaptability of vocational education are not strong. In some areas, the ratio of general education to vocational education is seriously out of balance, and the proportion of vocational education students after the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination is far below the scale of academic education."

  Give full play to the advantages of long-term academic system training

  To this end, Yang Jinlong suggested that the number of indicators and the proportion of general posts in vocational and technical universities in different regions should be adjusted. "It is suggested that the administrative department of education should thoroughly investigate the market demand and educational conditions in various places, flexibly set indicators according to local conditions, eliminate the constraints of existing indicators to control the scale of vocational education undergraduate development, and increase the indicators of public undergraduate vocational schools. Further expand the pilot reform of vocational schools at the undergraduate level, expand the enrollment and training scale of higher vocational and technical talents at the undergraduate level, and give full play to the long-term academic system to cultivate high-education technology compound ‘ New craftsman ’ The advantages of. For example, in Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces with relatively developed vocational education, the index number of public vocational undergraduate colleges can be increased as appropriate. Priority is given to supporting vocational colleges that have contributed to the shortage of technical and technical talents such as modern agriculture, advanced manufacturing, modern service industry and strategic emerging industries. "

  At the same time, it is necessary to increase the chances of upgrading colleges and universities under the "Double High Plan". Yang Jinlong said that according to the mid-term performance evaluation grade of the "Double High Plan" in 2022, a total of 160 "Double High Plan" colleges have achieved "excellent" construction results. It is suggested that the education administrative department should give more support to qualified national "Double-High Plan" construction units to be upgraded to professional undergraduate courses independently, focus on the demand for highly skilled talents in the major construction projects of the National Tenth Five-Year Plan, high-end manufacturing, new energy, new materials, modern service industry, digital economy industry and key technologies, and focus on supporting national "Double-High Plan" colleges with high degree of docking of key industries, deep integration of production and education, distinctive school-running characteristics and excellent talent training quality. Text/reporter Jiang Ruojing

  Zhang Jingjing, deputy to the National People’s Congress

  It is suggested that vocational education should be used to train talents for rural revitalization.

  Zhang Jingjing, deputy to the National People’s Congress, chairman of the Jingdezhen Municipal Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association of Jiangxi Province and dean of the International College of Jingdezhen Ceramic University, paid attention to the importance of vocational education in boosting rural revitalization. Zhang Jingjing said that vocational education has a bright future and great potential. In addition to cities, rural areas are in urgent need of a large number of professional talents who understand technology and can provoke the heavy responsibility of rural revitalization. At present, the high-quality rural labor force is constantly "jumping out of the farm", and the problem of "who will plant the land" needs to be solved urgently. To this end, she suggested giving full play to the role of vocational education in the training of rural revitalization talents and cultivating a group of rural revitalization talents who love agriculture, know technology and are good at management.

  Linkage ordering training in secondary and higher vocational schools

  Zhang Jing believes that vocational colleges can be relied on to strengthen the skills training of rural craftsmen. First of all, it is necessary to build a standard system of education and training for high-quality farmers in the new era. Through the analysis of high-quality farmers’ job tasks, it is necessary to study the professional standards of high-quality farmers in different levels, improve the education and training certification system, and systematically construct accurate courses and school-based teaching materials that meet the development requirements of local agricultural characteristics, so as to provide support for training. At the same time, we should carry out ordering training, give full play to the linkage role of secondary and higher vocational schools, set up rural revitalization colleges at the county level, set up teaching and training bases at the town level, set up village-level residency points, train skilled personnel nearby based on teaching points, and provide ordering production technology training, rural industrial management training and tracking services.

  Secondly, the normalization mechanism of rural craftsman training can be established to promote the innovation of rural craftsman vocational training mode. Zhang Jingjing said that the whole industrial chain training will be carried out in different forms such as farmers’ skill competition, online education resources and rural training base construction, and various new training modes such as demonstration base cultivation, farmers’ field schools, mobile classrooms and online education will be implemented to meet the individual training needs of farmers, cultivate high-quality farmers and improve the rural lifelong vocational education system.

  Vocational colleges have great potential in rural areas.

  In Zhang Jingjing’s view, vocational colleges have great potential in rural areas and can provide high-quality supply for rural social services. For example, give full play to the think tank function of vocational colleges, increase cooperation with local governments and industry laboratories, tap rural resource endowments, develop in a three-dimensional way, and enrich the industrial system; We will carry out technical research and development in some "stuck-neck" areas, such as the formulation of industry standards and the strengthening of local agricultural products, so as to enhance the added value of products.

  At the same time, insist on sending teachers and students to the countryside, organize teachers and students to go to villages and towns to implement technology promotion and cultivate rural e-commerce and other technical services, and improve the level of agricultural industrialization and digitalization; Assist the government to do a good job in ensuring the return of talents and retain local rural professional talents.

  In addition, teachers specialized in agriculture can be sent to serve as the "first secretary" and stationed in rural areas as special commissioners for science and technology, so as to help the rural population "support their careers", "support their wisdom" and "support their aspirations" through education, training and technical empowerment.

  Exploring the evaluation of professional farmers’ professional titles

  Zhang Jingjing suggested that in order to strengthen the pertinence of personnel training, we can rely on vocational colleges to strengthen the "three orientations" training of rural young talents, that is, "targeted enrollment, targeted training and targeted employment", and cultivate comprehensive talents such as rural planning and grassroots rural management. We can establish a "trinity" collaborative training mechanism among vocational colleges, local governments and township agricultural and rural institutions, continue and inherit the directional training of provincial grassroots agricultural technicians, set up local agricultural specialties according to the agricultural characteristics of various places, and assign them to township agricultural and rural institutions; Break the constraints of staffing, implement the personnel agency system, and train a large number of agricultural grass-roots technicians.

  In this process, the teaching method is very critical. Zhang Jingjing said that it is necessary to attach importance to practical teaching, create a new teaching model of "school curriculum+social curriculum" and "holiday practice+graduation practice", enhance the practical operability of agriculture-related majors, and realize the connection between talent training and social needs. In addition, it is also the key to strengthen the education of local feelings. Through the four-in-one cultivation of rural education feelings of "curriculum integration, cultural edification, model demonstration and practice cultivation", students’ professional identity and local identity can be enhanced, and their sense of accomplishment and pride in participating in rural revitalization can be cultivated, helping them to strengthen their belief in agriculture.

  In order to give full play to the role of local experts and enhance the social status and social recognition of professional farmers, Zhang Jingjing suggested exploring the evaluation of the titles of "rural craftsmen" and professional farmers. For example, try to set up a rural craftsman credit bank, and include vocational qualification certificate, vocational skill grade certificate, patent certificate and work performance in the category of credit bank recognition. After the students meet certain credits, the relevant departments will issue the certificate of "village craftsman" during the annual Farmers’ Day; At the same time, the evaluation of professional farmers’ professional titles will be carried out, and rural craftsmen and agricultural professional titles will be included in the management of local expert database. Text/reporter Jiang Ruojing

  Coordinator of this edition/Xu Feng

Tangshan eπ 008 is on sale! Special 188,600, not to be missed

[Autohome Tangshan Discount Promotion Channel] Recently, a limited-time price reduction promotion was launched in the Tangshan market. The maximum discount amount reached 28,000 yuan, which attracted the attention of many consumers. At present, the minimum starting price of the eπ 008 has been reduced to 188,600 yuan. If you are interested in this model, you may wish to click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form below to enjoy more discounts.

唐山eπ008特价出售!特价18.86万,不容错过

The exterior design of the Eπ 008 is unique and full of technology. The front face adopts a streamlined air intake grille, which is integrated with the sharp headlights on both sides, showing a strong visual impact. The whole vehicle has smooth lines and coordinated body proportions, which fully reflects the design concept of sports and fashion.

eπ008的车身尺寸为5002*1972*1732mm,轴距达到3025mm,前后轮距均为1650mm。车身侧面线条流畅,搭配21英寸的大尺寸轮圈,轮胎规格为265/45 R21,整体造型兼具运动感与科技感。

唐山eπ008特价出售!特价18.86万,不容错过

eπ008的内饰设计风格以简约而不失科技感为主,皮质方向盘手感极佳,支持手动上下和前后调节,让驾驶者能够找到最舒适的驾驶姿态。中控区域搭载了一块15.6英寸的高清触摸屏,集成了多媒体系统、导航、电话及空调控制功能,并支持语音识别控制,为驾驶员提供便捷的操作体验。此外,前排和后排配备了多个USB和Type-C接口,满足了不同乘客的充电需求,前排还设有手机无线充电板,方便用户随时为手机充电。座椅采用仿皮材质,主副驾驶座椅可进行多项调节,包括前后、靠背、高低和腰部支撑等,并具备加热、通风功能,前排驾驶位座椅还配备了头枕扬声器,提升了乘坐舒适度。电动座椅记忆功能不仅限于驾驶位,副驾驶位和后排同样具备,确保每位乘客都能享受到个性化的乘坐体验。第二排座椅不仅支持前后调节和靠背调节,还配备了腿托调节功能,后排座椅可以进行比例放倒,为乘客提供多样化的乘坐和储物空间。

唐山eπ008特价出售!特价18.86万,不容错过

eπ008搭载了一台1.5T涡轮增压发动机,该发动机最大功率可达108千瓦,最大扭矩为210牛·米,具备147马力的动力输出。与之匹配的是电动车单速变速箱,确保了高效的动力传输。

对eπ008的外观给予了极高的评价,他提到:“外形很大气!前脸很帅!颜值高!开出去回头率很高!车标也简洁!”这样的设计不仅令人眼前一亮,更成为车主出行时的亮眼风景线。