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How to use proof in evidence review and fact finding？

editorial comment/note　The Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s "2018-2022 Procuratorial Reform Work Plan" emphasizes that the criminal accusation system with evidence as the core should be improved and the working mechanism of evidence review and judgment should be improved. Proof is an important method of evidence review and judgment, which runs through the whole process of fact finding. In this issue of "Views and Topics", legal experts and procuratorial experts are invited to discuss the theme of "How to use proof in evidence review and fact determination", so please pay attention.

Proof: Theory, Rules and Innovation

Professor and doctoral supervisor of Sichuan University &ensp; Long Zongzhi

Proving the facts of a case through mutual corroboration of evidence is a basic way of ascertaining the facts, which is universal. But for a long time, China criminal procedure has put special emphasis on corroboration and proof, which can be said to form a proof mode. For example, the word "confirmation" is widely used in judgment documents and judicial documents. Among the eight provisions of the "two evidence regulations" implemented in 2010, the word "confirmation" appeared 11 times; In 2012, the word "corroboration" appeared 10 times in seven articles on judicial interpretation of criminal procedure law in the Supreme People’s Court. The most recent example is Article 40 of the Supervision Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was passed in March 2018. It requires the supervision organs to collect evidence and should form a "mutually corroborating, complete and stable chain of evidence". "Proof" has become a formal legal term.

The proposition and reform of the theory of "confirmation and proof mode" Based on the experience of handling cases in procuratorial work and the thinking and comparative study after I became a professor, I wrote the article "Proof and Free Evaluation of Evidence —— Proof Mode of Criminal Procedure in China" in 2004 and published it in Legal Research. The article holds that the criminal proof method in China is generally manifested as "confirmation proof mode" in practice, which is similar to the typical "free evaluation of evidence" in western countries, because the law does not determine the existence and size of the probative force of evidence in advance, so it also belongs to the type of free evaluation of evidence. However, in China’s criminal procedure, the objective verification between different evidences is particularly emphasized, that is, the "externality" of evidence is emphasized, and obtaining directly supported evidence is regarded as the key to proof. This is a basic feature of the proof mode. After 2004, domestic research began to prove that a large number of articles were published one after another. The practical and theoretical circles further promote the research and reflection on the confirmation model, including exploring its theory, analyzing its practical application and problems, and suggesting its reform direction. In 2017, I also published the article "A New Exploration of Confirmation Proof" in Legal Research, responding to some queries and putting forward some new views, including the reflection on the confirmation model and the way to reform it.

From the practical effect, the practical deduction of the verification model has indeed played an important and fundamental role in ensuring the quality of criminal cases. However, we should also see that in recent years, there is a tendency to overemphasize verification and simplify the application of verification, which has a negative impact on criminal proof. The main manifestations are: First, under the pressure of "confirmation mode", illegal evidence collection, forced confirmation, violation of "natural laws", and even artificial production of confirmation evidence. Second, under the influence of the "confirmation mode", it pays too much attention to the confirmation fact itself, ignores the coordination between the confirmation fact and other factual evidence of the case, and ignores the "comprehensive verification". Third, ignoring the function of evaluation of evidence, violating the law of proof, and having a negative impact on judicial practice. Specifically, judicial personnel are afraid and not good at making evaluation analysis in litigation practice, so some cases that have the conditions for finalization according to the appearance of the evidence system but have inherent reasonable doubts are improperly finalized. On the other hand, for some cases that are sufficient to establish evaluation evidence, but the evidence of the whole case is not confirmed to a high degree, or some important circumstances are slightly lacking, they dare not prosecute or make a guilty verdict, which hinders the crackdown on crimes. These drawbacks are not the inherent problems of the method of proof, but the result of excessive and improper application of the method of proof by criminal proof.

In view of the above disadvantages, we should improve the proof method and change the proof method. However, due to the introduction of "excluding reasonable doubt" in the revision of the Criminal Procedure Law, the establishment of judicial responsibility system in judicial reform, and the promotion of "trial-centered" and "substantive trial" in criminal proceedings, certain conditions have been met for the reform of the confirmation model. Content of reform: First, adhere to the leading role of confirmation. Under the given conditions such as the reliability of evidence sources, corroborative evidence review undoubtedly has a more important methodological position than single evidence review. Therefore, we should adhere to the verification method as the main method to examine the authenticity and legality of individual evidence, and at the same time adhere to the verification method as the main method to determine the facts of a case, that is, to judge the facts comprehensively. The second is to strengthen the function of heart syndrome. It is necessary to establish subjective standards in criminal proof. That is to say, the proof standard of "the facts of the case are clear and the evidence is true and sufficient" is explained and enriched by "excluding reasonable doubt". Secondly, we need to strengthen the inference of indirect evidence and indirect facts to the main facts of the case, and strengthen the application of empirical rules. It is also possible to adjust the proof requirements and even the proof standards of some cases. For example, the proof requirements of objective proof can be appropriately reduced and the standard of evaluation of evidence can be adopted to finalize the case. The third is to pay attention to the role of pursuing evidence. Strengthening the pursuit of corroboration evidence group, especially the main sources of evidence, and conducting a comprehensive and effective review of evidence sources and evidence formation methods to ensure their reliability and prevent evidence distortion are the key links in the application of corroboration proof methods.The fourth is to play the role of verification. The facts required to be verified should be able to be verified, so that they can be reasonably embedded in the overall evidence structure. Including the corroborating facts formed by witness, that is, subjective evidence, which can be verified by objective evidence or objective facts; The partial confirmation of facts should be coordinated with the overall factual evidence of the case.

Theoretical explanation of proof. Proof is proved by comparing different information, which emphasizes the "consistency" of evidence information. Proof also refers to the relationship and state of proof formed by this method. The key to the validity of confirmation is identity, that is, the identity of information contained in different evidences. The identity mentioned here includes the identity and coincidence of information, as well as the identity and coordination of information.

Proof can be divided into two types: one is suitable for fact judgment and the other is suitable for evidence judgment. In fact judgment, all the facts to be proved can be confirmed and proved. Therefore, the scope of proof includes substantive law facts, procedural law facts and evidence facts. Evidence judgment refers to the judgment of objectivity and legality of evidence, because it is difficult for a single evidence to prove itself to be true and legitimate, so it is suitable to prove it. The judgment of evidence relevance mainly depends on experience perception. Professor Waltz said: the relevance of evidence depends on a feeling, which is easy to identify and difficult to describe. In some cases, it is necessary to emphasize proof. This is mainly in the case of difficulties in proof, such as judging the reliability of witness. The judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court has made special provisions on the proof of evidence. For example: First, when the defendant recants his confession and the witness recants his testimony, the evidence is accepted with emphasis on confirmation. Second, the acceptance of special testimony pays attention to confirmation. For example, statements, testimonies and confessions made by victims, witnesses and defendants who have physical and mental defects and have certain difficulties in understanding and expressing the facts of the case, but have not lost their ability to correctly understand and express; Testimony in favor of the defendant made by witnesses who have kinship or other close relationships with the defendant, or testimony against the defendant made by witnesses who have conflicts of interest with the defendant. This special testimony can only be adopted if it is confirmed by other evidence. Third, when there is no direct evidence and only indirect evidence is used to finalize the case, the requirements for confirmation are emphasized. Fourth, hidden evidence is found according to the confession, and the condition for finalizing the case is that the evidence confirms each other.Article 55 of the Criminal Procedure Law makes special requirements for the reinforcement (confirmation) of confession.

Evidence rules of corroboration. In judicial practice, the problems that should be paid attention to can be summarized into several rules by using the method of proof. The first is the information fit rule. Is to seek the consistency of information from different independent information sources. The same information and the same direction are the coincidence of evidence. To analyze the degree of conformity, we should pay attention to different types of cases, different evidence facts, such as the facts of constitutive requirements and sentencing, the facts against the defendant and the facts in favor of the defendant, and so on. The second is the rule of evidence reliability, or the rule of evidence quality. The most important and important thing to pay attention to is that the sources of evidence involved in verification are reliable. To ensure the reliability, we must follow the "natural law" of evidence acquisition, that is, to ensure the natural state of evidence information, and we must not artificially distort evidence information. The third is the rule of clear information. The evidence itself and the verification results should meet certain clarity requirements, and should not be vague and specious. The fourth is to confirm the thickness rule. There must be at least two independent sources of information for verification, but if a variety of independent evidence can verify each other, its verification effect is obviously higher. If the proof is relatively thin, it is still difficult to meet the proof standard. The fifth is the best evidence rule. The best evidence mainly talks about objective evidence, especially hidden evidence, which is the best evidence in confirmation. The sixth is the reasonable difference rule. Verification rules pay attention to information consistency, but don’t pursue consistency excessively. Excessive consistency and lack of differences do not conform to the law of the existence and development of things, and may be a "case made."The seventh is the overall coordination rule. To see whether the confirmed facts contradict other facts in the case and whether the confirmed evidence is reasonably embedded in the overall evidence structure. The eighth is the rule of excluding reasonable doubt. That is, the facts confirmed by the confirmation certificate should conform to the rules of experience, eliminate reasonable doubts and have reasonable acceptability. This is an internal test standard for mutual confirmation of evidence.

Combination of formal confirmation and substantive judgment

Prosecutor of the Second Branch of Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate &ensp; Du Miao

Proof of evidence refers to the state that two or more evidences completely overlap or partially cross in the factual information contained, that is, the factual information contained in the evidence has been mutually verified. Proof is a method of ascertaining the facts of a case, and proof methods and standards cannot be confused with each other. It is necessary not only to confirm the formal confirmation of the case evidence, but also to make a substantive judgment on whether the identified criminal facts can "exclude reasonable doubt": First, strictly examine the legality and objectivity of the criminal suspect’s confession; The second is to eliminate the contradiction between confession and other evidence or make a reasonable explanation; The third is to make a comprehensive judgment on whether the facts of the case conform to the rules of experience. Otherwise, even if the case evidence is confirmed on the surface, it does not mean that it has reached the "true and sufficient" proof standard.

Specifically, in judicial practice, the confirmation of evidence needs to be accurately grasped from the following aspects:

Proof of evidence does not rule out the existence of evidence contradiction. Evidence proof and evidence contradiction are two sides of the same coin. If the contents of evidence proof are "inconsistent", it means that there is contradiction between them. The evidence of a specific case is extremely complicated, and it is very likely that some of the contents of the suspect’s confession are mutually confirmed and some of them are contradictory to other evidence. This requires specific analysis of specific issues to judge whether it is a fundamental contradiction that can affect the conviction or a non-fundamental contradiction that does not affect the conviction. On the one hand, if the main content of the suspect’s confession is inconsistent with other evidence, it is necessary to exclude or give a reasonable explanation, otherwise a conclusion in favor of the suspect should be made; On the other hand, if the confession of the criminal suspect is consistent with the main plot reflected by other evidence, and only a few plots are inconsistent and will not affect the conviction, it can be confirmed that the criminal facts have been ascertained. In an ideal state, all contradictions in the evidence of the whole case should be eliminated one by one. It is worth noting that even if there are contradictions in the key evidence on which conviction and sentencing are based, attention should be paid to finding out the reasons and giving a reasonable explanation, otherwise it may turn into a fundamental contradiction that affects conviction.

Evidence can point to some criminal facts. Criminal facts usually have a process of crossing time and place, and criminal proceedings are a retrospective proof activity. Due to the influence of many factors such as evidence loss, sometimes only indirect evidence can be collected to prove a certain link of the crime, that is, the so-called evidence "connection point". In many cases, the confirmation of the suspect’s confession and other evidence can only be the confirmation of the "connection point". There is a "connection point" where confession and other evidence are mutually confirmed. In the same criminal fact, the more "connection points" of evidence, the stronger the authenticity of guilty confession.

Common "connection points" include: (1) time. From the perspective of time and space sequence, whether intentional crime or negligent crime, there is a process of occurrence, development and change. Criminals may leave corresponding traces at each time node, especially in the case of continuous crime and continuous crime, the criminal behavior may last for a long time, and the evidence will show a fixed order and be unique in time and space order. The authenticity of the confession can be verified by collecting objective evidence such as call records and bank transfer vouchers. (2) location. The place of crime can be subdivided into the place where the crime was committed and the place where the crime result occurred, such as the place where the tools were prepared, the place where the contradiction occurred, the place where the fight took place, etc. The changes of the above places correspond to the development process of the crime. Corresponding to several locations related to the crime, the authenticity of the confession can be verified by collecting objective evidence such as mobile phone tracks, tickets, air tickets and accommodation records. (3) items. Common articles related to crime include crime tools, stolen money and so on. If the characteristics of the articles are consistent with the confession of the criminal suspect, the authenticity of the confession can be verified.

Proof of evidence should be concrete proof. Evidence confirmation can be divided into concrete confirmation and general confirmation. Concrete confirmation refers to the fact that the details reflected by the evidence are completely coincident with the confession, which can reflect the unique characteristics of people and things. For example, in a fraud case, the criminal suspect confessed that he used a company document with forged signature to defraud the victim’s trust and defrauded a huge sum of money from the victim. After identification, the signature of the legal representative on the company document was written by the criminal suspect, thus forming a concrete confirmation and drawing the only conclusion that the criminal suspect forged the signature of others. General confirmation means that the contents of the evidence are coincident with the confession in a certain range, and other possibilities cannot be ruled out. From the point of view of ascertaining criminal facts, evidence confirmation should be specific enough to reflect the uniqueness of case facts, which is also the inevitable requirement of the standard of "excluding reasonable doubt". For example, in a case of intentional homicide, no physical evidence with personal orientation was extracted from the crime scene. The suspect once confessed that he rode a bicycle to the crime scene. After collecting the surveillance video near the crime scene, a man was indeed found riding a bicycle near the crime scene. However, the surveillance video was not clear enough and the shooting angle was not good, so it was impossible to identify the man in the video as the suspect, and it was also impossible to identify the bicycle in the video with the bicycle of the suspect. After the suspect overturns the previous confession, in the absence of other evidence, the above evidence alone is not enough to determine the facts of the crime.

The judgment of probative force insists on confirming the "four principles"

Ph.D. candidate of Southeast University Law School and Deputy Procurator-General of jianye district People’s Procuratorate in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province &ensp; Li Yong

Evidence ability refers to the qualification of evidence as the basis for deciding a case, while probative force refers to the role and value of evidence in proving the facts of a case on the premise of evidence ability. Evidence ability is the premise of probative force, and evidence without evidential ability is not probative force at all. The basic method of judging the probative force is verification. Confirmation is the mutual verification relationship between two or more evidences, that is, the state that the factual information contained in two or more evidences has been mutually verified, which is commonly called "evidence mutually confirms". How to use proof to examine and judge the probative force? We should focus on the following four "principles":

First of all, adhere to the "evidence ability review first, confirmed later". This is determined by the logical relationship between evidential ability and probative force. Proof is a method to standardize how judges evaluate the value of evidence, "belonging to the level of proof, so the applicable premise must be that they have obtained the evidence ability". When examining evidence, we should first examine the evidential ability of the evidence, and only the evidence with evidential ability can be further judged by verification; The key to prevent "false confirmation" is to directly exclude those who have no evidential ability and do not need to judge the probative force. For example, a confession of a defendant obtained by torture has no evidential ability from the beginning, and even has no qualification as a basis for finalizing the case. It is directly excluded from the final view, and there is no need to judge its role and value in determining the facts of the case.

Secondly, make good use of "two-way contrast". Proof is directly manifested in judicial practice as comparison, that is, comparing and contrasting two or more evidential materials that prove the same fact in a case, and examining whether the contents confirmed by them are consistent, so as to determine the probative force of the evidential materials. The comparison here can be divided into horizontal comparison and vertical comparison. Horizontal comparison refers to the comparison of different kinds of evidence that prove the facts of the same case to test whether they can confirm each other, whether there are contradictions and how to eliminate them. It includes the confirmation between verbal evidence and documentary evidence, physical evidence, recorded evidence and expert opinions, the confirmation between the defendant’s (criminal suspect’s) confession and the victim’s statement and witness testimony, and the confirmation between different witnesses, multiple documentary evidences and multiple physical evidences. Vertical comparison is mainly aimed at verbal evidence, that is, comparing multiple statements or confessions of the same fact made at different times to see whether the contents of the statements before and after are consistent, whether there are contradictions and how to eliminate and solve them. Inconsistencies often occur in witness testimony, victim statement and criminal suspect confession. In the process of examination, it is necessary to verify the witness face to face, focusing on two points: first, whether the witness or the confession can make a reasonable explanation, and second, whether it can be verified with other relevant evidence.

Thirdly, the principle of "doubt is beneficial to the defendant" should be applied accurately. The key to judge’s evaluation of evidence is to weigh the probative force between all kinds of guilty evidence and innocent evidence and eliminate possible doubts. There are a lot of cases where the evidence can’t be confirmed and the authenticity is unknown. However, the referee shall not refuse to make a ruling on this ground. The principle of "doubt is beneficial to the defendant" provides a channel to solve this problem. It is worth noting that we cannot mechanically think that "as long as there is doubt, there will be no doubt" or "as long as there is doubt, there will be no guilt". In practice, doubt sometimes manifests as "yes" and "no" doubt, that is, qualitative doubt. At this time, it should be presumed to be none. For example, whether the criminal suspect A beat B, the evidence can’t confirm each other, and whether there is doubt about the fact of beating B, it is presumed that A didn’t beat B; Doubt is sometimes manifested as "more" and "less" doubt, that is, the doubt of quantity, which is presumed to be "less"

Finally, the use of verification methods should follow the principle of preventing misunderstandings. First, it is necessary to prevent only a few non-major plots from being confirmed and being considered as final. Whether a case can be denied depends on whether there is corresponding evidence to prove the facts that constitute the elements, and it is not enough to finalize the case only if a few non-main circumstances are confirmed by evidence. The second is to prevent all the details from being confirmed before you dare to finalize the case. There are subtle contradictions between some evidences, which do not affect the probative force within a reasonable range. On the contrary, some verbal evidence is even more doubtful when all the details are exactly the same. For example, in judicial practice, there is often a high degree of consistency in details between verbal evidence transcripts, which is obviously problematic. Third, it is necessary to prevent only focusing on the confirmation of evidence that is conducive to the finalization and ignoring or belittling the confirmation of evidence that is not conducive to the finalization, and vice versa. Especially as a prosecutor, we should not only pay attention to or even take it out of context, but also ignore the contradictions that are not conducive to finalizing the case. The fourth is to prevent the absoluteness of confirmation. We can’t "verify for the sake of verification", and we can’t violate the laws of nature, experience and logic for the sake of verification.

How to confirm the amount of evidence in different cases

Director of the Second Division of Public Prosecution of Suzhou People’s Procuratorate, Jiangsu Province, and national expert in procuratorial work &ensp; Wang Yong

In judicial practice, confirmation method runs through the process of reviewing evidence and ascertaining facts, which is not only a key step to form conviction and verifying facts, but also an important method to resolve evidence contradictions in difficult cases. In the amount crime, if the amount confessed by the defendant can be mutually confirmed with other evidence, there is no dispute about the determination of the amount. However, in reality, typical cases in which the evidence is completely consistent are not common, and more are atypical cases in which the contents of the evidence are not completely consistent. How to determine the number of crimes requires full use of verification methods.

The amount of evidence given is different, how to identify it? When the amount of the defendant’s confession is inconsistent with other verbal evidence, and there is no other way to identify it, the lower amount is identified, which is the principle of low identification in the confirmation rules. For example, in a bribery case, the briber proved that he paid a bribe of RMB 80,000, while the defendant confessed to receiving property of RMB 50,000. On the premise that the evidence related to criminal facts can be verified and reach the standard of proof, the confirmation rules should be considered for the determination of the amount of crime: the defendant’s confession and the briber’s testimony can be confirmed in the fact of 50 thousand yuan, which can be confirmed; The difference of another 30 thousand yuan depends on whether there is other evidence to confirm each other.

A common problem in practice is: the amount of crime confessed by the defendant is constantly changing in different stages of litigation, how to determine it? At this time, according to Article 83 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Interpretation), "If the defendant withdraws his confession during the trial, but he can’t reasonably explain the reasons for his withdrawal or his defense contradicts the evidence of the whole case, and his pre-trial confession is mutually confirmed with other evidence, his pre-trial confession can be accepted. If the defendant’s confession and defense before the trial are repeated, but it is confessed during the trial and confirmed with other evidence, his confession at the trial can be accepted; If the defendant’s pre-trial confession and defense are repeated, and he does not confess during the trial, and there is no other evidence to confirm it with the pre-trial confession, he may not accept his pre-trial confession. "

It should be noted that the principle of "low" means that the amount of crime cannot be confirmed by the verification method, and the method of determining the amount of crime according to the principle of "doubt is beneficial to the defendant" should not be adopted if the amount of crime can be determined by other means.

Can the victim-free statement confirm the facts? In some cases, the victim cannot be found for some reason, and there is a dispute over whether the facts can be ascertained. Article 105 of the Interpretation stipulates: "If there is no direct evidence, but the indirect evidence meets the following conditions at the same time, the defendant can be found guilty: (1) The evidence has been verified; (2) The evidence confirms each other, and there are no unavoidable contradictions and unexplained questions; (3) The evidence of the whole case has formed a complete proof system; (four) according to the evidence, the facts of the case are sufficient to eliminate reasonable doubt, and the conclusion is unique; (5) The reasoning based on evidence conforms to logic and experience. " According to the provisions of this article, there is no case that a case cannot be finalized without some kind of evidence. The key is to see whether the evidence conforms to the proof mode and reaches the proof standard of excluding reasonable doubt.

For example, in stakeholder cases such as telecommunication network fraud, the number of victims is so large that it is difficult to obtain evidence one by one, and sometimes the victims cannot be found due to the limitation of means of obtaining evidence, but objective evidence such as account books, bank card transaction records or performance sheets is enough to confirm the act of collecting property. For such cases, the emphasis of evidence reinforcement should be documentary evidence rather than verbal evidence. If all kinds of documentary evidence confirming the amount of fraud are confirmed by other evidence, and the possibility of legal income is ruled out, the criminal facts can be determined on this basis. Therefore, the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases such as Telecommunication Network Fraud stipulates that if it is really impossible to collect the victim statements one by one due to the limitation of objective conditions such as the large number of victims, the criminal facts such as the number of victims and the amount of fraudulent funds can be comprehensively determined by combining the collected victim statements, verified bank account transaction records and third-party payment and settlement account transaction records.

How to determine the value of physical evidence without corresponding purchase records after annihilation? In some cases, the physical evidence was annihilated, and the corresponding purchase records and other documentary evidence were lacking. How to determine the value of the original physical evidence became a difficult problem. For example, in the theft of Huang, the court of first instance failed to identify some of the stolen goods accused in the indictment on the grounds that the specific model of some cables could not be judged and the number of thefts was only the witness testimony of the injured unit. After the prosecution filed a protest, through investigation and evidence collection from the purchasing and warehouse management personnel of the victim unit at the time of the crime, the case-handling personnel collected all the sales invoices of the supplier company, thus confirming the types of cables purchased by the victim unit at the time of the crime, and finally effectively identifying the value of the relevant cables in combination with other evidence.

Therefore, the handling of such cases needs to fully explore the "source" and "destination" of the original material evidence, and use it as a clue to confirm the testimony of relevant witnesses and the statements of victims, so as to confirm the value of the annihilated items. In other words, many facts that can be confirmed by objective evidence are not limited to the elements presented by themselves, but need to be excavated and explained by the case-handling personnel through empirical rules.

Shencheng Broadband Leaps into ＂Gigabit Era＂

■ Within this year, Shanghai Telecom will invest more than 3 billion yuan in gigabit broadband construction, and plans to complete gigabit broadband access in more than 5,000 communities by the end of the year, and 60% of residential communities will achieve gigabit coverage.

■ By next year, Gigabit access will "jump one level"-users will exceed one million, the average access bandwidth will reach 280 megabytes, and the download rate perceived by home users will exceed 100 megabytes per second. By then, Shanghai will become the first city in the world to achieve full coverage of Gigabit broadband, and establish the "new national standard" of urban optical network with "100 Mbps start and Gigabit mainstream" in one fell swoop.

Just after 8 o’clock in the evening, Mr. Ma, who lives in Pillow Flow Apartment, sat down in front of the camera, turned on the iPad and started a video call with his youngest son in the United States: "The broadband at home has just risen by 1,000 megabytes today. What do you think is the difference?" "It doesn’t shake when moving, and the picture quality is much smoother than before. Mom, it’s quite fashionable for you. We can only play 100 megabytes here until now … "

Located on Huashan Road in Xuhui District, Pillow Flow Apartment was built in 1930, and currently there are more than 60 families living there. The scale of the apartment is not large, but it is a famous "excellent modern building" in Shanghai. In July this year, Shanghai Telecom ranked the pillow apartment in the "octogenarian" into the list of upgrading gigabit optical network, and sent a crucial team headed by Xu Zan, a national model worker, to enter the site for construction. "Because the building is old, the pipeline is old and there are many restrictions, the network speed upgrade here has been half a beat slower than other nearby communities. This time, the company made up its mind to make it reach gigabit in one step. Teacher Ma, who has always suspected that the Internet speed at home is not strong, volunteered to’ eat crabs’. We helped her from 50 megabytes to 1000 megabytes, and we also made an intelligent network for the whole room. Now, there are three 4G TVs in her home, plus two high-definition cameras. Even if they are used simultaneously, there is absolutely no problem. " Xu Wei told reporters.

Shanghai Broadband "Leaping" Upgrade

From 50 megabytes to 1,000 megabytes, the "leap-forward" upgrade of the Internet speed of Aunt Ma’s apartment in Pillow Flow can be said to be a microcosm of the construction of Shanghai Telecom’s urban optical network in recent 20 years-from the opening of Shanghai ATM broadband communication experimental network in 1997, it has become one of the cities in the world that can provide broadband communication services based on ATM WAN, and now gigabit network has entered the homes of ordinary people, and it takes only 2 seconds to download a high-definition movie … 20 years.

In 1997, Shanghai Telecom provided ATM broadband service to the outside world, and its unique networking dial tone became the wonderful melody of China netizens’ first close contact with the Internet world. In 2000, Shanghai Telecom completed the transformation of broadband network and fully opened ADSL broadband access service; In 2004, the number of broadband users of Shanghai Telecom reached the first 1 million, and increased to 1.8 million the following year, ranking first in China. In 2009, Shanghai Telecom launched the "Urban Optical Network" action plan to comprehensively promote the construction of optical fiber network and implement broadband optical fiber access; In 2011, the first "smart city" broadband was launched at a high speed, with the goal of "starting at 20 megabytes and reaching every household at 100 megabytes". In the same year, the coverage capacity of urban optical network exceeded 4.5 million, and Shanghai became the "first city of urban optical network" in China. In 2015, after seven broadband speed increases, Shanghai Telecom’s optical network coverage capacity exceeded 8.4 million, and the number of optical network users reached 4.4 million, achieving full optical network coverage in urbanized areas; In 2016, Shanghai Telecom released Gigabit broadband products and promised to make Shanghai the first city in the world to achieve global coverage of Gigabit broadband within three years; At the same time, the eighth broadband speed increase was implemented. At present, Shanghai Telecom’s optical fiber coverage rate exceeds 99%, the optical network coverage capacity exceeds 9 million, and the average access rate of household users reaches 71.7 trillion.

While laying a solid "cornerstone" of broadband, Shanghai Telecom also shares the information dividend with users through "speeding up broadband" and "doubling the age of the network". Since 2011, a total of seven "big speed increases" have been implemented, with more than 3 million users sharing the "big broadband bonus" and speeding up broadband for free. Up to now, Shanghai Telecom’s broadband unit price per megabit is 1.40 yuan, down 8.1% from the end of 2016.

Quietly change the life and work of citizens.

ISDN, all-fiber access, 100G, 1000 Gigabit … It is these seemingly boring technical terms and numbers that are constantly evolving and upgrading, which have quietly changed the lives and work of ordinary citizens in the past 20 years. In this regard, Mr. Ma, who works as an investment analyst in Huatai Securities, has a deep understanding.

"Do you want to ask me how I feel after upgrading Gigabit? In one word,’ cool’! " According to the "securities man", after upgrading the Gigabit optical network, his resource download speed is changed to "seconds": a 2G HD movie takes only 16 seconds to complete the download; 150 high-definition photos, it takes only 1.2 seconds to upload or download. He told reporters that he is engaged in quantitative trading of securities and is very sensitive to network speed. Even an error of 0.1 second may be related to the profit and loss of millions of yuan. His main research field is to capture market opportunities in real time through computers, quantify fund management, and achieve stable and profitable results through a large number of short-term transactions according to the "product theory" model. "Because quantitative trading requires very high speed and reliability of the network, my previous work can only be carried out with the help of the company’s dedicated lines. If you use the same mathematical model to trade at home, the originally profitable transaction may become a loss. With the arrival of Gigabit optical network, even if I take a vacation at home in the future, it will not affect my work any more. "

For users like Mr. Ma, Gigabit optical network has opened a new window for their life and work. For Shanghai Telecom, the measures of "speeding up and reducing fees" that have been continuously increased in recent years have not only optimized and upgraded the energy level of urban network infrastructure, but also laid a solid foundation for enterprises to realize transformation and upgrading, become a "leading integrated intelligent information service operator" and realize network intelligence, business ecology and operational intelligence.

Cloud project online to improve government efficiency

In March this year, Shanghai Telecom successfully won the bid for the government cloud project in Shanghai, providing a package of services from computer room infrastructure, network, cloud-based platform, a complete set of government cloud security and operation and maintenance service system, and application system migration. As of July 30th, Shanghai government cloud Project has successfully launched five commissions and nine business systems, including Shanghai comprehensive supervision system and Shanghai public credit information platform. Government cloud project greatly improved the online efficiency of government information system, shortened the time limit of government information system construction, reduced the operating cost, and improved the security and reliability of the system.

In caohejing Development Zone, Shanghai Telecom undertakes the pilot promotion of the National Development and Reform Commission’s dual-innovation demonstration project, and the new generation of cloud network convergence service has been put into operation, and has signed contracts with more than 20 science and technology parks. Taking caohejing Science and Technology Oasis Venture Park as an example, according to the needs of different users, Shanghai Telecom has created a creative space access resource model based on telecom LSN network, and provided value-added services including cloud hosting, cloud storage, cloud desktop, office Saas application, information security and network monitoring to resident customers … IT is convenient for space managers and small and micro start-ups to quickly build an IT environment, and at the same time, it eliminates the tedious affairs of hardware equipment procurement and maintenance, and the corresponding IT service cost is obviously reduced.

The reporter was informed that this year, Shanghai Telecom will invest more than 3 billion yuan in gigabit broadband construction, and plans to complete gigabit broadband access in more than 5,000 communities before the end of the year, and 60% of residential communities will achieve gigabit coverage. By next year, gigabit access will "jump one level"-users will exceed one million, the average access bandwidth will reach 280 megabytes, and the download rate perceived by home users will exceed 100 megabytes per second. By then, Shanghai will become the first city in the world to achieve full coverage of Gigabit broadband, and establish the "new national standard" of urban optical network with "100 Mbps start and Gigabit mainstream" in one fell swoop. (Reporter Zhu Wei)

After watching Dying to Survive, you may want to know what these two gods are.

I believe many people have seen the recently released film Dying to Survive. However, I don’t know how many people noticed this scene in the film: after selling medicine, Cheng Yongfu bought medicine from an Indian retail pharmacy and saw a group of Indians passing through the street with two statues. These two statues are blue in color and look strange, which is even more creepy in the lingering fog. So who are these two horrible gods? Let’s talk about their identity.

Dying to Survive stills

Let’s talk about the male idol, whose prototype is Shiva, also known as the "beast master", which is one of the most important and representative gods in Indian mythology. He is usually depicted as wearing a crescent moon accessory, with a third eye on his forehead, a cobra wrapped around his neck, an animal skin apron and a trident in his hand. There are one, three, four, five or a thousand faces, and the number of arms is not fixed. The common ones are two or four arms, and the skin color is blue or yellow. He was a god believed by Indian aborigines before the Aryan invasion. A seal from 3000 BC to 2000 BC was once unearthed in the Indus Valley, on which appeared a god with two horns on his head, three faces and staggered legs, surrounded by elephants, tigers, buffaloes and rhinoceroses. It was regarded as the prototype of Shiva.

Siva

From 1800 BC to 1500 BC, an Aryan entered India through the pass of Hindu Kush, and gradually conquered this land. Aryans, as conquerors, naturally didn’t pay attention to Indian local gods at first. Shiva’s name did not appear in the early Hindu classic Rigveda. It was not until around 200 BC that Shiva entered the Pantheon of Aryans and mingled with rudra, the god of storms in Rigveda.

The process of Shiva’s integration into Aryan mythology was not smooth sailing. It is recorded in Mahabharata, Gone with the Wind and Gone with Vishnu that Shiva married Sadie, the daughter of Dasha, but Dasha always regarded this son-in-law as a barbarian and refused to see him. On one occasion, Dasha held a festival and deliberately did not invite Shiva. Shiva’s wife, Goddess Sadie, came to the festival and accused her father and the gods of being arrogant and ignorant, not knowing the greatness of Shiva and daring to exclude him from the festival. Then, Sadie set herself on fire and died on the spot. After learning the bad news, Shiva led his men to destroy the whole festival, killing and injuring many gods, and cutting off Dasha’s head. Finally, the gods were afraid of Shiva’s power and promised to keep the most important seat in the festival for Shiva forever. This myth undoubtedly reflects the conflict between the beliefs of early aborigines and Aryans.

Sadie set herself on fire.

Later, Shiva and two other Aryan gods Brahma and Vishnu were listed as the three major gods of India. Among them, Brahma is the creator of the whole universe, Vishnu is responsible for maintaining the peace of the universe and Shiva is responsible for destroying the universe. In mythology, Shiva is usually said to be transformed by Brahma’s anger (this identity originated from rudra), but his strength is by no means inferior to Brahma. It is said that after Brahma gave birth to his daughter Gayatri, he saw Gayatri’s charming appearance and kept staring at her. Shiva saw that Brahma was old and disrespectful, so she radiated divine light from the third eye and destroyed one of Brahma’s five faces.

Indians believe that there is a fixed cycle in the universe. When a cycle ends, Shiva will dance and emit flames to destroy the universe. Although Shiva has been given the title of "Destroyer", he is by no means an evil god. His purpose of destroying the universe is to promote the renewal of the universe. Indians believe that as time goes on, the universe will gradually deteriorate, and at the end of the robbery, the universe will be full of evil. So Shiva had to stand up and destroy the universe, and then Brahma created a new universe.

Violent Dance

In fact, there are many myths that reflect Shiva’s kindness. For example, when the goddess of the Ganges introduced the Ganges from the sky to the earth, Shiva used her head under the water to divide it into several tributaries, thus reducing the impact on the earth. In the process of the gods stirring the milk sea, some venom emerged in the milk sea, which almost destroyed the world, and Shiva drank the venom in one gulp. As a result, when the venom flowed through Shiva’s throat, Shiva’s neck turned blue-black, so Shiva was awarded the title of "Green Neck God".

Shiva is also the god of reproduction. His representative is a pillar called "Linga", which symbolizes the male genitalia. There is also a circular pedestal at the bottom of Linga, which symbolizes female genitalia. The combination of the two embodies the idea of the integration of Yin and Yang. When worshipping Shiva, believers pour water, milk, ghee, coconut milk or honey from the top of Linga, which reflects the Indian worship of fertility. There is a myth that says:

Brahma once argued with Vishnu about who was the greatest god in the universe, when a pillar suddenly appeared in front of them. Brahma and Vishnu separately searched for the source of this pillar, but no matter how they searched, they could never find the end of this pillar. Finally, Vishnu admitted that no matter who the prototype of this pillar is, he is greater than himself. As a result, this pillar showed its prototype to Vishnu, and he is Shiva. Because Vishnu recognized Shiva’s status, he was blessed by Shiva. Brahma always refused to recognize Shiva’s status, so he was despised by Shiva.

Linga

The relationship between Shiva and Vishnu and Brahma is not fixed. There are many different religious sects in ancient India. Different sects often worship different gods as the highest god. Some sects worship Brahma, some sects worship Vishnu, some sects worship Shiva, and some sects worship other gods. In today’s India, Brahma is far less popular than the other two. Indians sometimes combine Vishnu and Shiva into a statue, which is called "Hari-Hara".

Huli-Hulo

Let’s talk about the female idol, whose name is Kali, which is the embodiment of the anger of Shiva’s wife, the Snow Mountain Goddess. The first wife of Shiva, Sadie, died of self-immolation at the ceremony of the gods. She was later reincarnated as parvati, the goddess of snow mountain, and married Shiva again.

On one occasion, two brothers, Shunba and Nishunba, king of Asura, led Asura to attack the gods. The gods were defeated and fled to the north of the Ganges, just in time to meet the goddess of snow mountain who was going to bathe in the Ganges. When the goddess saw that the gods were crying, she asked them why, and the gods told her about the defeat. After listening to the words of the gods, the goddess of snow mountain, who has always been famous for her gentleness, became angry this time, and a horrible goddess Carly was born out of her anger.

Shiva, Snow Mountain Goddess and their son Elephant God.

Carly led the gods to launch a counterattack against Asura. Shunba and Nishunba saw that the newcomers were not good, so they sent their most powerful Asura Laktaviga to fight. Laktaviga has a tricky skill, that is, every drop of blood he shed can be turned into a doppelganger to fight, so he is always invincible on the battlefield. None of the gods was an opponent of Laktaviga, so they had to ask the goddess Carly to fight with him. The fierce battle lasted for a long time, and finally the goddess Carly was better. She not only killed Laktaviga, but also ate all the avatars that changed from his blood and drank every drop of blood from him. Later, the goddess wiped out Shunba and Nishunba and completely defeated Asura’s army.

However, things did not end there. The goddess Carly killed her eyes because she had been at war with the enemy for too long. She couldn’t control herself and kept stomping on the earth with her feet. The whole earth trembled for this, the mountains began to collapse, cracks appeared on the ground, and the earth was about to be crushed by the goddess. Shiva heard the news and lay down at the feet of the goddess, blocking the power of the goddess with her body. As soon as the foot of the goddess Carly touched Shiva’s body, she immediately woke up, realized her mistake and put away her divine power, and the whole world was restored to peace. As can be seen in the following figure:

The goddess Carly holds a broadsword in one hand, a trident in the other, a freshly cut head of LaktaVega in one hand, and a bowl in the other hand to hold the blood flowing from the head. The goddess spits out a red tongue in her mouth, and the heads of many busy members of LaktaVega are hung around her neck, with their arms around her waist. Shiva is lying between the feet of the goddess Carly and the earth, using her body to reduce the impact of the goddess on the earth.

Goddess Carly

The goddess Carly is especially worshipped by Hindu sexual sects. This sect regards the power of women as the motive force of the universe. The beheading and trampling of Shiva by goddess Carly symbolizes that the power of women is superior to that of men. Similar to the goddess Carly, there is also a goddess Durga, who is also the embodiment of the anger of the goddess of Snow Mountain, and has also helped the gods to eliminate demons. The goddess Durga holds weapons such as Shiva’s trident, Vishnu’s magic snail and wonderful wheel, the bow cut by Fengshen, and Indra’s diamond pestle, which symbolizes that she integrates the strength of many male gods, and her mount is a lion or tiger.

Durga goddess

Some people will be shocked when they see these Indian gods. Why do Indian gods look so cruel and bloodthirsty, and they are not as kind-hearted as the gods worshipped by China people (especially Han people)? This is because the Han people in China have been influenced by Confucian culture for a long time and have a gentle personality; India, on the other hand, still maintains some savage customs of primitive times. They believe that only the horrible gods can subdue the horrible demons. Shiva and goddess Carly are just the representatives of this kind of gods, and they are responsible for eliminating evil. Of course, there are also many gods in Indian mythology who are merciful to all beings.

In the middle of Dying to Survive, when Shiva and the goddess Carly were on tour, some people around them were spraying disinfectant along the way, indicating that there was an epidemic in India at that time. Therefore, we can guess that the purpose of pulling out the gods of Shiva and Kali is to eliminate the disease with the help of Er Shen.

＂Before Dawn＂ starring Hao Lei： Tolerate Guo Fucheng like a mother

Guo Fucheng poster

1905 movie network news "Before Daybreak," a gangster romance starring Guo Fucheng and Yang Zishan, will be released on June 9. The film has attracted many stars to join the film. In addition to "gangster professionals" An Zhijie and Gao Jie, the powerful actress Hao Lei plays Guo Fucheng’s hair-bearing wife Yuqing in the film, and interprets the love story with Guo Fucheng in the "first half of life". At present, Hao Lei has been interviewed to talk about her feelings of working with Guo Fucheng again, saying that this time she plays a very, very gentle woman, and this character "will tolerate Guo Fucheng like a mother."

"Before Dawn" Hao Lei poster

Working with Guo Fucheng for the second time: His character is like a child

In the film, Guo Fucheng’s "desperate gambler" Takano has a falling family, from a billionaire to a "rotten wild" who owes huge gambling debts, but Hao Lei never leaves his side. In the film, Yuqing comments on Takano: "Maybe everyone thinks he is a jerk, but I still fall in love with him, I can see his weakness and kindness," Hao Lei explains. "In Yuqing’s eyes, Takano is a child who is not very mature and has not grown up, so Yuqing will always tolerate Takano like a mother, just like her children, because a mother will always tolerate her children."

"Before Dawn" is not the first collaboration between Hao Lei and Guo Fucheng. Once in China, the two had a fierce collision and a rival play. When talking about the difference between the two experiences, Hao Lei said: "Today’s Guo Fucheng, his acting is more mature and heavy, and his acting has changed more than before. This is what I especially like.

"Before Dawn" Yang Zishan poster

Scorpio has a lot of affection for Yang Zishan: she is particularly spiritual

In the film, Hao Lei and Yang Zishan also have a number of opposite scenes. One is a hairy wife, the other is a prostitute, but they are both closely linked to the fate of "desperate gambler" Guo Fucheng. Hao Lei said: "Zishan is a young actress I have always liked very much. I think she has a special aura and has a very special and personal temperament in her bones. I think as a good actor, you need to have this quality. The main reason why I like her is that we are all big Scorpio."

Hao Lei, who has a daughter in the film, has had any new feelings about playing the role of a mother since giving birth to twin sons. "I don’t think you have to have this kind of experience in life to play such a character," she said. "As a professional actor, you need to capture a lot of inspiration from life and then amplify it to create. Of course, the understanding of children is different from before, but in this play, Yuqing completed a small part of the role of a mother, and most of them are still very virtuous and kind. Always believe in the role of her husband."

Finally, when talking about the biggest attraction of the gangster romance "Before Dawn", Hao Lei said, "I think the whole script of this movie is very good. It tells a very profound truth through a simple story. How to build trust between people. I like this very much, because trust is crucial in today’s society."

[Picture] ＂Sword Rain＂ was released nationwide, Wang Xueqi changed his face, voice and body

Wang Xueqi’s stills – the lowly "ninth-grade eunuch"

Wang Xueqi stills – Jianghu Supreme "Wheel King"

　　On September 28, the "five-star commercial martial arts film" landed in major theaters across the country, and this much-anticipated hardcover masterpiece finally met with fans across the country. Produced by Woo Yusen, directed by Su Zhaobin, and joined by many powerful movie stars such as Wang Xueqi, Yang Qiqiong, Zheng Yusheng, Big S, Yu Wenle, Dai Liren, etc., the ultra-luxurious production team has created a wonderful story of rivers and lakes.

　　In "Sword Rain", Wang Xueqi, the powerful movie star who plays the anti-number one "Wheel King", has created too many memorable big-screen roles, from Shisanyan to Li Yutang in "October Siege". However, it is the first time to play a villain and challenge a difficult play, which can be said to be one of the biggest highlights of the whole film. The identity of "Wheel King" is quite complicated. On the one hand, it is the dark and strange "gang boss" who leads the martial arts, and on the other hand, it is the "ninth-grade eunuch" who has a low status in the deep palace. In the film, Wang Xueqi treats the voice of the voice, and most of the time he uses a very unique gloomy voice to interpret the character. He said that he came up with this treatment of the voice, because the real identity of the character is a eunuch, and he hates his own voice. At the same time, as a leader of the rivers and lakes, the tone of the eunuch is obviously inappropriate. It seems that in order to play the role well, Wang Xueqi really put in a lot of effort, and even the small details are very careful. The film’s producer, John Woo, once said that Wang Xueqi not only has good acting skills, but also has a lot of ideas and innovations, and he can put forward many constructive ideas.

　　In the film, the "Wheel King" led a group of apprentices with stunts to run amok in the rivers and lakes, which was terrifying. Later, there was even internal strife within the "Blackstone" and they fought each other. However, what was the truth buried behind all this, and what was the purpose of the "Wheel King" training a magical skill to break into the rivers and lakes? "Sword Rain" has revealed its mysterious veil, the most bizarre and intricate plot, the most heart-wrenching love, and the most unexpected ending, you will all see it once in "Sword Rain"!
　

BYD’s new generation of Tang sells! Sell 129,900-329,900 yuan.

On June 26th, it was officially announced that a new generation of Tang/Tang was officially launched, and the new car launched two power combinations, totaling ten models, with the price range of 129,900-169,900 yuan. After the mixed version is subsidized, the price is 239,900-279,900 yuan. In addition, a high-performance customized model, the 4.3-second Zhilian Chuangshi Edition, will be launched simultaneously, with a subsidized price of 329,900 yuan. For the first batch of car booking customers, they will also enjoy exclusive Tang Dynasty enjoyment+courtesy, covering many services such as travel and after-sales maintenance.

A new generation of Tang/Dragon Face design language, looks a little more sharp, and pays more attention to the interpretation of luxury texture, which is greatly improved compared with the old one; Sideways look neater, with smooth lines and unique supple beauty. Compared with the old models, they change their sports posture and show their calm and restrained style well. Simplicity is still passed down, the transverse taillights are highly recognizable, the low and wide ones look solid enough, and the changes in the logo are equally ingenious.

A new generation of Tang/adopts a new design style. The central control area of the new car simplifies a large number of physical buttons, is equipped with a floating media display screen, and supports 90 electric rotation, which can realize the interconnection of people, cars and networks, and seamlessly connect the mobile phone system with the car ecology.

Comment on this picture

The new generation of Tang version is equipped with a 2.0L, 151kW, and the peak torque is 320Nm. The new generation Tang plug-in hybrid model is equipped with a plug-in system consisting of 2.0T+ motors, with a comprehensive capacity of 441kW and a peak torque of 950Nm.

The wonderful activities of 2024 Yantai Spring Auto Show will take you to see it first.

　　Public Network Reporter Zhou Mi Trainee Reporter Hei Yuqing Yantai Report

　　Wonderful activities, take you to see it first.

　　In the vibrant April, the 2024 Yantai Spring Auto Show will be grandly opened on April 11-15. As the organizer, it will also create a variety of interactive activities with rich content, which will closely combine automobile consumption with cultural life.

　　Qilu Cup Female Style Show

　　Breaking the restrictions of the regular model contest is not limited to a certain age group. As long as you can walk on the runway, be confident and bold, and fully display the unique charm and style of models of all ages in Jiaodong, this stage needs you!

　　Activity time: 4-12 9:30-15:00.

　　Located in the indoor hall stage

　　to show themselves

　　Youth networking activities

　　Co-sponsored by the Communist Youth League Committee, the Working Committee of the Municipal Government, Qilu Evening News, Qilu Yidian Yantai Media Center and Yantai Family Planning Association, and co-organized by Yantai Automobile Chamber of Commerce, the youth networking activity of "Qing Xin Yantai Yidian Heart" will be held in Yantai International Expo Center, and registration will begin from now on! Guests who successfully sign up for this fraternity canFree auto show tickets.

　　This networking event not only does not charge any fees, but the organizers also prepare a variety of exquisite gifts, pot throwing and other interactive games for the guests.

　　Activity time: April 13th, 9: 30-11: 30.

　　Located in the indoor hall stage

　　Scan the code and sign up.

　　International car model competition

　　Fashion has never been defined by others. You have your own style. As long as you dare to show your "beauty", you can provide a stage to show yourself for every boy and girl who shines with youthful charm. Break out of the cocoon and redefine the unique charm of self with the casualness revealed by nature.

　　(The QR code in the identification map can be registered)

　　Activity time: April 13th, 13: 00-16: 00 (Semifinal)

　　4.14 9:00-12:00 (Finals)

　　Located in the indoor hall stage

　　ICE animation game carnival

　　The sparks of different dimensions collide, and the little brothers and sisters of cos’s favorite anime mobile game characters can be seen everywhere, entering the second-dimensional world that young people like. There are also animation show, theme live, house dance contest, interactive games, many activities waiting for you to participate, and even a thousand yuan bonus waiting for you to take.

　　Activity time: 4.13-4.14 (tickets are required)

　　Located in indoor hall D.

　　Tik Tok Million COSER

　　Qihuan forest pet carnival

　　It is a combination of popular science education, parent-child entertainment and fashion play, and mainly focuses on professional popular science exhibitions, so that children can understand the real nature and fall in love with natural science and cute and magical animals. There are even mysterious guests at the scene. Once they enter, they can’t help but feel that different magical animals live in each area.

　　Activity time: 4.11-4.15 (tickets are required)

　　Located on the east side of the exit on the first floor of the exhibition hall.

　　Interesting popular science interaction

　　Wonderful performance of Xian Yi, old and young

　　Yang Jinming, a well-known crosstalk performer in China and a crosstalk performer in Deyun Society, studied under Hou Yaowen, a well-known crosstalk performer in China, and a fellow brother in Degang Guo for nearly 60 years. In the early years, Yang Jinming and Yang Yi’s crosstalk group spread all over the country, and won the first prize in the first CCTV National TV Crosstalk Competition in 2002.

　　Yang Jinming boarded the CCTV Lantern Festival in 2011 and performed the work "Model". In 2018, he boarded Beijing Satellite TV Spring Festival, participated in Tianjin Satellite TV Spring Festival Evening in 2021, was the fifth guest of CCTV’s "New Year Crosstalk Conference" in 2021, and performed "Selling Map" in Tianjin Satellite TV Spring Festival Evening in 2023 with Degang Guo and Shaobing.

　　This special cross talk of Deyun Society is also the first time for Mr. Yang Jianming to perform in Yantai.

　　Performance time: 4-13 19:30

　　The global phenomenal cartoon, the princess of children’s world, the smooth plot rhythm, the gorgeous visual feast, and the ice and snow magic to recreate the stage classic. Walk into the fantasy world of Frozen and feel the sincere feelings about love, courage and affection with Princess Aisha. Exquisite dance, gorgeous costumes and moving music will take you to appreciate the charm of Disney classics.

　　Performance time: 4-13 10:30

　　Every song will take you back to the most beautiful time, from the flowery "Stealing Heart" and "Kissing Goodbye" to "A Thousand Sad Reasons" and then to "The Legend of the Hungry Wolf". This is not only a concert, but also a review of the times and the reappearance of a legend. We have a top music production team, and even more singers who are full of love for Hong Kong music songs. With their voices, they will once again awaken that era in your heart.

　　Hong Kong Music is an indelible memory.

　　Those classic melodies and lyrics that are deeply rooted in people’s hearts are worth remembering again.

　　Performance time: 4-13 15:00.

Milestone achievement： the breeding efficiency of hybrid potato in China will be improved by more than 50%

　　Many people don’t know that the French fries eaten in KFC and McDonald’s all come from potato varieties bred 120 years ago. As the staple food of 1.3 billion people in the world, potato breeding process is slow, and new breeding methods are urgently needed to reform potato breeding. Therefore, the scientists of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences put forward the "Excellent Potato Plan", the purpose of which is to make people in China and even the whole world eat potatoes with higher yield and better quality.

　　At 23: 00 Beijing time on May 4th, 2023, the international authoritative journal Cell published the latest research result of Huang Sanwen’s team of Shenzhen Institute of Agricultural Genomics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences: "Phylogenetic Discovery of Deleterious Mutations Facilities Hybrid Potato Breeding".

　　This research has invented a new "evolutionary lens" technology, which gives breeders a pair of "golden eyes", can find the genome "reef" (which scientists call "harmful mutation") that hinders potato breeding as early as possible, avoid breeding "going the wrong way", and let everyone eat better quality and high yield potatoes faster.

　　"We drew the first two-dimensional map of harmful mutations in potato genome, and developed a new model of whole genome prediction by using the map information, which can predict the yield in seedling stage, with an accuracy of 25%-45% higher than before. In this way, materials with low yield can be eliminated at an early stage, thus quickly cultivating high-yield varieties, and the breeding efficiency of hybrid potatoes will be improved by more than 50%. " Huang Sanwen said in an interview with The Paper (www.thepaper.cn).

　　"excellent potato plan"

　　Potato is the most important tuber food crop, the main food source of 1.3 billion people and the fourth staple food crop in China. Potato has the advantages of high yield, less water consumption and wide planting area. However, because the traditional cultivated potato is autotetraploid and its genome is complex, the breeding process is very slow. In addition, the asexual propagation of potato chips also faces some problems, such as low propagation coefficient, high storage and transportation cost, and easy to carry pests and diseases.

　　How to transform tetraploid potato propagated by tuber into diploid hybrid potato propagated by seed is a worldwide problem in potato industry, and it is also the "crown jewel" of seed industry innovation.

　　In order to solve the above problems, Huang Sanwen’s team launched the "Excellent Potato Plan" in conjunction with domestic and foreign superior units, aiming at replacing tetraploid with diploid potato, replacing potato block with seed propagation, guiding potato breeding with genomics and synthetic biology, and completely changing the breeding and reproduction methods of potatoes.

　　Yang Zhenhai, Party Secretary of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that in recent years, the "Excellent Potato Program" team has successively solved major problems such as potato genome analysis, self-incompatibility and self-decline, and cultivated the first generation of inbred lines and hybrids. The related achievements have been published in top international academic journals, and now the latest achievement of "Identification of harmful mutations by evolutionary genomics" has been published in Cell magazine, which can provide a new scientific basis for potato breeding parent selection and variety improvement. These original basic scientific research achievements have been highly recognized by colleagues at home and abroad, and laid a solid foundation for accelerating the breeding of diploid hybrid potatoes.

　　Potato breeding enters the fast lane

　　In this study, Huang Sanwen’s team collected a large number of Solanaceae species resources in conjunction with outstanding units at home and abroad, and traced the evolutionary traces of the longest 80 million years and accumulated 1.2 billion years through comparative analysis of 100 Solanaceae genomes. On this basis, an "evolutionary lens" was developed to discover the evolutionary constraints and harmful mutations of potatoes, and the first two-dimensional map of harmful mutations of potatoes was drawn.

　　Using the map information, the researchers put forward a counterintuitive inbred line cultivation method and developed a new model for whole genome prediction, which made the potato yield prediction reach unprecedented accuracy. In addition, the model can accurately estimate the breeding value according to genotype and harmful mutation information, better help breeding experts to make early breeding decisions, further reduce breeding costs, shorten potato breeding cycle and quickly cultivate high-yield and high-quality potato varieties.

　　This research made China stand in the leading position in the world in the basic theory and technology of potato breeding, and was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

　　So, what are the implications of this research for other crop breeding? In this regard, Li Jiayang, an academician of China Academy of Sciences (director of Yazhouwan Laboratory and researcher of Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) said, "The research result of Huang Sanwen’s team will not only be for potatoes, but also for grain, oil, fruits, vegetables and tea."

　　Zhong Kang, an academician of China Academy of Sciences (researcher of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) commented: "This research by Huang Sanwen’s team is a milestone achievement in potato breeding, which indicates that crop breeding has entered a new era, that is, breeders can’t just pay attention to their own ‘ Three points per acre ’ It is even more necessary to think about the new strategy of breeding from a larger evolutionary dimension. "

　　"The research finally found the genetic basis of counterintuitive screening, developed a new genome-wide prediction model and applied it to the early decision-making of hybrid potato breeding, marking that China’s potato breeding has definitely reached the international frontier." Professor Lai Jinsheng of China Agricultural University (Director of National Maize Improvement Center) said.