How to use proof in evidence review and fact finding?

editorial comment/note The Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s "2018-2022 Procuratorial Reform Work Plan" emphasizes that the criminal accusation system with evidence as the core should be improved and the working mechanism of evidence review and judgment should be improved. Proof is an important method of evidence review and judgment, which runs through the whole process of fact finding. In this issue of "Views and Topics", legal experts and procuratorial experts are invited to discuss the theme of "How to use proof in evidence review and fact determination", so please pay attention.

Proof: Theory, Rules and Innovation

Professor and doctoral supervisor of Sichuan University   Long Zongzhi

Proving the facts of a case through mutual corroboration of evidence is a basic way of ascertaining the facts, which is universal. But for a long time, China criminal procedure has put special emphasis on corroboration and proof, which can be said to form a proof mode. For example, the word "confirmation" is widely used in judgment documents and judicial documents. Among the eight provisions of the "two evidence regulations" implemented in 2010, the word "confirmation" appeared 11 times; In 2012, the word "corroboration" appeared 10 times in seven articles on judicial interpretation of criminal procedure law in the Supreme People’s Court. The most recent example is Article 40 of the Supervision Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was passed in March 2018. It requires the supervision organs to collect evidence and should form a "mutually corroborating, complete and stable chain of evidence". "Proof" has become a formal legal term.

The proposition and reform of the theory of "confirmation and proof mode" Based on the experience of handling cases in procuratorial work and the thinking and comparative study after I became a professor, I wrote the article "Proof and Free Evaluation of Evidence —— Proof Mode of Criminal Procedure in China" in 2004 and published it in Legal Research. The article holds that the criminal proof method in China is generally manifested as "confirmation proof mode" in practice, which is similar to the typical "free evaluation of evidence" in western countries, because the law does not determine the existence and size of the probative force of evidence in advance, so it also belongs to the type of free evaluation of evidence. However, in China’s criminal procedure, the objective verification between different evidences is particularly emphasized, that is, the "externality" of evidence is emphasized, and obtaining directly supported evidence is regarded as the key to proof. This is a basic feature of the proof mode. After 2004, domestic research began to prove that a large number of articles were published one after another. The practical and theoretical circles further promote the research and reflection on the confirmation model, including exploring its theory, analyzing its practical application and problems, and suggesting its reform direction. In 2017, I also published the article "A New Exploration of Confirmation Proof" in Legal Research, responding to some queries and putting forward some new views, including the reflection on the confirmation model and the way to reform it.

From the practical effect, the practical deduction of the verification model has indeed played an important and fundamental role in ensuring the quality of criminal cases. However, we should also see that in recent years, there is a tendency to overemphasize verification and simplify the application of verification, which has a negative impact on criminal proof. The main manifestations are: First, under the pressure of "confirmation mode", illegal evidence collection, forced confirmation, violation of "natural laws", and even artificial production of confirmation evidence. Second, under the influence of the "confirmation mode", it pays too much attention to the confirmation fact itself, ignores the coordination between the confirmation fact and other factual evidence of the case, and ignores the "comprehensive verification". Third, ignoring the function of evaluation of evidence, violating the law of proof, and having a negative impact on judicial practice. Specifically, judicial personnel are afraid and not good at making evaluation analysis in litigation practice, so some cases that have the conditions for finalization according to the appearance of the evidence system but have inherent reasonable doubts are improperly finalized. On the other hand, for some cases that are sufficient to establish evaluation evidence, but the evidence of the whole case is not confirmed to a high degree, or some important circumstances are slightly lacking, they dare not prosecute or make a guilty verdict, which hinders the crackdown on crimes. These drawbacks are not the inherent problems of the method of proof, but the result of excessive and improper application of the method of proof by criminal proof.

In view of the above disadvantages, we should improve the proof method and change the proof method. However, due to the introduction of "excluding reasonable doubt" in the revision of the Criminal Procedure Law, the establishment of judicial responsibility system in judicial reform, and the promotion of "trial-centered" and "substantive trial" in criminal proceedings, certain conditions have been met for the reform of the confirmation model. Content of reform: First, adhere to the leading role of confirmation. Under the given conditions such as the reliability of evidence sources, corroborative evidence review undoubtedly has a more important methodological position than single evidence review. Therefore, we should adhere to the verification method as the main method to examine the authenticity and legality of individual evidence, and at the same time adhere to the verification method as the main method to determine the facts of a case, that is, to judge the facts comprehensively. The second is to strengthen the function of heart syndrome. It is necessary to establish subjective standards in criminal proof. That is to say, the proof standard of "the facts of the case are clear and the evidence is true and sufficient" is explained and enriched by "excluding reasonable doubt". Secondly, we need to strengthen the inference of indirect evidence and indirect facts to the main facts of the case, and strengthen the application of empirical rules. It is also possible to adjust the proof requirements and even the proof standards of some cases. For example, the proof requirements of objective proof can be appropriately reduced and the standard of evaluation of evidence can be adopted to finalize the case. The third is to pay attention to the role of pursuing evidence. Strengthening the pursuit of corroboration evidence group, especially the main sources of evidence, and conducting a comprehensive and effective review of evidence sources and evidence formation methods to ensure their reliability and prevent evidence distortion are the key links in the application of corroboration proof methods.The fourth is to play the role of verification. The facts required to be verified should be able to be verified, so that they can be reasonably embedded in the overall evidence structure. Including the corroborating facts formed by witness, that is, subjective evidence, which can be verified by objective evidence or objective facts; The partial confirmation of facts should be coordinated with the overall factual evidence of the case.

Theoretical explanation of proof. Proof is proved by comparing different information, which emphasizes the "consistency" of evidence information. Proof also refers to the relationship and state of proof formed by this method. The key to the validity of confirmation is identity, that is, the identity of information contained in different evidences. The identity mentioned here includes the identity and coincidence of information, as well as the identity and coordination of information.

Proof can be divided into two types: one is suitable for fact judgment and the other is suitable for evidence judgment. In fact judgment, all the facts to be proved can be confirmed and proved. Therefore, the scope of proof includes substantive law facts, procedural law facts and evidence facts. Evidence judgment refers to the judgment of objectivity and legality of evidence, because it is difficult for a single evidence to prove itself to be true and legitimate, so it is suitable to prove it. The judgment of evidence relevance mainly depends on experience perception. Professor Waltz said: the relevance of evidence depends on a feeling, which is easy to identify and difficult to describe. In some cases, it is necessary to emphasize proof. This is mainly in the case of difficulties in proof, such as judging the reliability of witness. The judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court has made special provisions on the proof of evidence. For example: First, when the defendant recants his confession and the witness recants his testimony, the evidence is accepted with emphasis on confirmation. Second, the acceptance of special testimony pays attention to confirmation. For example, statements, testimonies and confessions made by victims, witnesses and defendants who have physical and mental defects and have certain difficulties in understanding and expressing the facts of the case, but have not lost their ability to correctly understand and express; Testimony in favor of the defendant made by witnesses who have kinship or other close relationships with the defendant, or testimony against the defendant made by witnesses who have conflicts of interest with the defendant. This special testimony can only be adopted if it is confirmed by other evidence. Third, when there is no direct evidence and only indirect evidence is used to finalize the case, the requirements for confirmation are emphasized. Fourth, hidden evidence is found according to the confession, and the condition for finalizing the case is that the evidence confirms each other.Article 55 of the Criminal Procedure Law makes special requirements for the reinforcement (confirmation) of confession.

Evidence rules of corroboration. In judicial practice, the problems that should be paid attention to can be summarized into several rules by using the method of proof. The first is the information fit rule. Is to seek the consistency of information from different independent information sources. The same information and the same direction are the coincidence of evidence. To analyze the degree of conformity, we should pay attention to different types of cases, different evidence facts, such as the facts of constitutive requirements and sentencing, the facts against the defendant and the facts in favor of the defendant, and so on. The second is the rule of evidence reliability, or the rule of evidence quality. The most important and important thing to pay attention to is that the sources of evidence involved in verification are reliable. To ensure the reliability, we must follow the "natural law" of evidence acquisition, that is, to ensure the natural state of evidence information, and we must not artificially distort evidence information. The third is the rule of clear information. The evidence itself and the verification results should meet certain clarity requirements, and should not be vague and specious. The fourth is to confirm the thickness rule. There must be at least two independent sources of information for verification, but if a variety of independent evidence can verify each other, its verification effect is obviously higher. If the proof is relatively thin, it is still difficult to meet the proof standard. The fifth is the best evidence rule. The best evidence mainly talks about objective evidence, especially hidden evidence, which is the best evidence in confirmation. The sixth is the reasonable difference rule. Verification rules pay attention to information consistency, but don’t pursue consistency excessively. Excessive consistency and lack of differences do not conform to the law of the existence and development of things, and may be a "case made."The seventh is the overall coordination rule. To see whether the confirmed facts contradict other facts in the case and whether the confirmed evidence is reasonably embedded in the overall evidence structure. The eighth is the rule of excluding reasonable doubt. That is, the facts confirmed by the confirmation certificate should conform to the rules of experience, eliminate reasonable doubts and have reasonable acceptability. This is an internal test standard for mutual confirmation of evidence.

Combination of formal confirmation and substantive judgment

Prosecutor of the Second Branch of Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate   Du Miao

Proof of evidence refers to the state that two or more evidences completely overlap or partially cross in the factual information contained, that is, the factual information contained in the evidence has been mutually verified. Proof is a method of ascertaining the facts of a case, and proof methods and standards cannot be confused with each other. It is necessary not only to confirm the formal confirmation of the case evidence, but also to make a substantive judgment on whether the identified criminal facts can "exclude reasonable doubt": First, strictly examine the legality and objectivity of the criminal suspect’s confession; The second is to eliminate the contradiction between confession and other evidence or make a reasonable explanation; The third is to make a comprehensive judgment on whether the facts of the case conform to the rules of experience. Otherwise, even if the case evidence is confirmed on the surface, it does not mean that it has reached the "true and sufficient" proof standard.

Specifically, in judicial practice, the confirmation of evidence needs to be accurately grasped from the following aspects:

Proof of evidence does not rule out the existence of evidence contradiction. Evidence proof and evidence contradiction are two sides of the same coin. If the contents of evidence proof are "inconsistent", it means that there is contradiction between them. The evidence of a specific case is extremely complicated, and it is very likely that some of the contents of the suspect’s confession are mutually confirmed and some of them are contradictory to other evidence. This requires specific analysis of specific issues to judge whether it is a fundamental contradiction that can affect the conviction or a non-fundamental contradiction that does not affect the conviction. On the one hand, if the main content of the suspect’s confession is inconsistent with other evidence, it is necessary to exclude or give a reasonable explanation, otherwise a conclusion in favor of the suspect should be made; On the other hand, if the confession of the criminal suspect is consistent with the main plot reflected by other evidence, and only a few plots are inconsistent and will not affect the conviction, it can be confirmed that the criminal facts have been ascertained. In an ideal state, all contradictions in the evidence of the whole case should be eliminated one by one. It is worth noting that even if there are contradictions in the key evidence on which conviction and sentencing are based, attention should be paid to finding out the reasons and giving a reasonable explanation, otherwise it may turn into a fundamental contradiction that affects conviction.

Evidence can point to some criminal facts. Criminal facts usually have a process of crossing time and place, and criminal proceedings are a retrospective proof activity. Due to the influence of many factors such as evidence loss, sometimes only indirect evidence can be collected to prove a certain link of the crime, that is, the so-called evidence "connection point". In many cases, the confirmation of the suspect’s confession and other evidence can only be the confirmation of the "connection point". There is a "connection point" where confession and other evidence are mutually confirmed. In the same criminal fact, the more "connection points" of evidence, the stronger the authenticity of guilty confession.

Common "connection points" include: (1) time. From the perspective of time and space sequence, whether intentional crime or negligent crime, there is a process of occurrence, development and change. Criminals may leave corresponding traces at each time node, especially in the case of continuous crime and continuous crime, the criminal behavior may last for a long time, and the evidence will show a fixed order and be unique in time and space order. The authenticity of the confession can be verified by collecting objective evidence such as call records and bank transfer vouchers. (2) location. The place of crime can be subdivided into the place where the crime was committed and the place where the crime result occurred, such as the place where the tools were prepared, the place where the contradiction occurred, the place where the fight took place, etc. The changes of the above places correspond to the development process of the crime. Corresponding to several locations related to the crime, the authenticity of the confession can be verified by collecting objective evidence such as mobile phone tracks, tickets, air tickets and accommodation records. (3) items. Common articles related to crime include crime tools, stolen money and so on. If the characteristics of the articles are consistent with the confession of the criminal suspect, the authenticity of the confession can be verified.

Proof of evidence should be concrete proof. Evidence confirmation can be divided into concrete confirmation and general confirmation. Concrete confirmation refers to the fact that the details reflected by the evidence are completely coincident with the confession, which can reflect the unique characteristics of people and things. For example, in a fraud case, the criminal suspect confessed that he used a company document with forged signature to defraud the victim’s trust and defrauded a huge sum of money from the victim. After identification, the signature of the legal representative on the company document was written by the criminal suspect, thus forming a concrete confirmation and drawing the only conclusion that the criminal suspect forged the signature of others. General confirmation means that the contents of the evidence are coincident with the confession in a certain range, and other possibilities cannot be ruled out. From the point of view of ascertaining criminal facts, evidence confirmation should be specific enough to reflect the uniqueness of case facts, which is also the inevitable requirement of the standard of "excluding reasonable doubt". For example, in a case of intentional homicide, no physical evidence with personal orientation was extracted from the crime scene. The suspect once confessed that he rode a bicycle to the crime scene. After collecting the surveillance video near the crime scene, a man was indeed found riding a bicycle near the crime scene. However, the surveillance video was not clear enough and the shooting angle was not good, so it was impossible to identify the man in the video as the suspect, and it was also impossible to identify the bicycle in the video with the bicycle of the suspect. After the suspect overturns the previous confession, in the absence of other evidence, the above evidence alone is not enough to determine the facts of the crime.

The judgment of probative force insists on confirming the "four principles"

Ph.D. candidate of Southeast University Law School and Deputy Procurator-General of jianye district People’s Procuratorate in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province   Li Yong

Evidence ability refers to the qualification of evidence as the basis for deciding a case, while probative force refers to the role and value of evidence in proving the facts of a case on the premise of evidence ability. Evidence ability is the premise of probative force, and evidence without evidential ability is not probative force at all. The basic method of judging the probative force is verification. Confirmation is the mutual verification relationship between two or more evidences, that is, the state that the factual information contained in two or more evidences has been mutually verified, which is commonly called "evidence mutually confirms". How to use proof to examine and judge the probative force? We should focus on the following four "principles":

First of all, adhere to the "evidence ability review first, confirmed later". This is determined by the logical relationship between evidential ability and probative force. Proof is a method to standardize how judges evaluate the value of evidence, "belonging to the level of proof, so the applicable premise must be that they have obtained the evidence ability". When examining evidence, we should first examine the evidential ability of the evidence, and only the evidence with evidential ability can be further judged by verification; The key to prevent "false confirmation" is to directly exclude those who have no evidential ability and do not need to judge the probative force. For example, a confession of a defendant obtained by torture has no evidential ability from the beginning, and even has no qualification as a basis for finalizing the case. It is directly excluded from the final view, and there is no need to judge its role and value in determining the facts of the case.

Secondly, make good use of "two-way contrast". Proof is directly manifested in judicial practice as comparison, that is, comparing and contrasting two or more evidential materials that prove the same fact in a case, and examining whether the contents confirmed by them are consistent, so as to determine the probative force of the evidential materials. The comparison here can be divided into horizontal comparison and vertical comparison. Horizontal comparison refers to the comparison of different kinds of evidence that prove the facts of the same case to test whether they can confirm each other, whether there are contradictions and how to eliminate them. It includes the confirmation between verbal evidence and documentary evidence, physical evidence, recorded evidence and expert opinions, the confirmation between the defendant’s (criminal suspect’s) confession and the victim’s statement and witness testimony, and the confirmation between different witnesses, multiple documentary evidences and multiple physical evidences. Vertical comparison is mainly aimed at verbal evidence, that is, comparing multiple statements or confessions of the same fact made at different times to see whether the contents of the statements before and after are consistent, whether there are contradictions and how to eliminate and solve them. Inconsistencies often occur in witness testimony, victim statement and criminal suspect confession. In the process of examination, it is necessary to verify the witness face to face, focusing on two points: first, whether the witness or the confession can make a reasonable explanation, and second, whether it can be verified with other relevant evidence.

Thirdly, the principle of "doubt is beneficial to the defendant" should be applied accurately. The key to judge’s evaluation of evidence is to weigh the probative force between all kinds of guilty evidence and innocent evidence and eliminate possible doubts. There are a lot of cases where the evidence can’t be confirmed and the authenticity is unknown. However, the referee shall not refuse to make a ruling on this ground. The principle of "doubt is beneficial to the defendant" provides a channel to solve this problem. It is worth noting that we cannot mechanically think that "as long as there is doubt, there will be no doubt" or "as long as there is doubt, there will be no guilt". In practice, doubt sometimes manifests as "yes" and "no" doubt, that is, qualitative doubt. At this time, it should be presumed to be none. For example, whether the criminal suspect A beat B, the evidence can’t confirm each other, and whether there is doubt about the fact of beating B, it is presumed that A didn’t beat B; Doubt is sometimes manifested as "more" and "less" doubt, that is, the doubt of quantity, which is presumed to be "less"

Finally, the use of verification methods should follow the principle of preventing misunderstandings. First, it is necessary to prevent only a few non-major plots from being confirmed and being considered as final. Whether a case can be denied depends on whether there is corresponding evidence to prove the facts that constitute the elements, and it is not enough to finalize the case only if a few non-main circumstances are confirmed by evidence. The second is to prevent all the details from being confirmed before you dare to finalize the case. There are subtle contradictions between some evidences, which do not affect the probative force within a reasonable range. On the contrary, some verbal evidence is even more doubtful when all the details are exactly the same. For example, in judicial practice, there is often a high degree of consistency in details between verbal evidence transcripts, which is obviously problematic. Third, it is necessary to prevent only focusing on the confirmation of evidence that is conducive to the finalization and ignoring or belittling the confirmation of evidence that is not conducive to the finalization, and vice versa. Especially as a prosecutor, we should not only pay attention to or even take it out of context, but also ignore the contradictions that are not conducive to finalizing the case. The fourth is to prevent the absoluteness of confirmation. We can’t "verify for the sake of verification", and we can’t violate the laws of nature, experience and logic for the sake of verification.

How to confirm the amount of evidence in different cases

Director of the Second Division of Public Prosecution of Suzhou People’s Procuratorate, Jiangsu Province, and national expert in procuratorial work   Wang Yong

In judicial practice, confirmation method runs through the process of reviewing evidence and ascertaining facts, which is not only a key step to form conviction and verifying facts, but also an important method to resolve evidence contradictions in difficult cases. In the amount crime, if the amount confessed by the defendant can be mutually confirmed with other evidence, there is no dispute about the determination of the amount. However, in reality, typical cases in which the evidence is completely consistent are not common, and more are atypical cases in which the contents of the evidence are not completely consistent. How to determine the number of crimes requires full use of verification methods.

The amount of evidence given is different, how to identify it? When the amount of the defendant’s confession is inconsistent with other verbal evidence, and there is no other way to identify it, the lower amount is identified, which is the principle of low identification in the confirmation rules. For example, in a bribery case, the briber proved that he paid a bribe of RMB 80,000, while the defendant confessed to receiving property of RMB 50,000. On the premise that the evidence related to criminal facts can be verified and reach the standard of proof, the confirmation rules should be considered for the determination of the amount of crime: the defendant’s confession and the briber’s testimony can be confirmed in the fact of 50 thousand yuan, which can be confirmed; The difference of another 30 thousand yuan depends on whether there is other evidence to confirm each other.

A common problem in practice is: the amount of crime confessed by the defendant is constantly changing in different stages of litigation, how to determine it? At this time, according to Article 83 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Interpretation), "If the defendant withdraws his confession during the trial, but he can’t reasonably explain the reasons for his withdrawal or his defense contradicts the evidence of the whole case, and his pre-trial confession is mutually confirmed with other evidence, his pre-trial confession can be accepted. If the defendant’s confession and defense before the trial are repeated, but it is confessed during the trial and confirmed with other evidence, his confession at the trial can be accepted; If the defendant’s pre-trial confession and defense are repeated, and he does not confess during the trial, and there is no other evidence to confirm it with the pre-trial confession, he may not accept his pre-trial confession. "

It should be noted that the principle of "low" means that the amount of crime cannot be confirmed by the verification method, and the method of determining the amount of crime according to the principle of "doubt is beneficial to the defendant" should not be adopted if the amount of crime can be determined by other means.

Can the victim-free statement confirm the facts? In some cases, the victim cannot be found for some reason, and there is a dispute over whether the facts can be ascertained. Article 105 of the Interpretation stipulates: "If there is no direct evidence, but the indirect evidence meets the following conditions at the same time, the defendant can be found guilty: (1) The evidence has been verified; (2) The evidence confirms each other, and there are no unavoidable contradictions and unexplained questions; (3) The evidence of the whole case has formed a complete proof system; (four) according to the evidence, the facts of the case are sufficient to eliminate reasonable doubt, and the conclusion is unique; (5) The reasoning based on evidence conforms to logic and experience. " According to the provisions of this article, there is no case that a case cannot be finalized without some kind of evidence. The key is to see whether the evidence conforms to the proof mode and reaches the proof standard of excluding reasonable doubt.

For example, in stakeholder cases such as telecommunication network fraud, the number of victims is so large that it is difficult to obtain evidence one by one, and sometimes the victims cannot be found due to the limitation of means of obtaining evidence, but objective evidence such as account books, bank card transaction records or performance sheets is enough to confirm the act of collecting property. For such cases, the emphasis of evidence reinforcement should be documentary evidence rather than verbal evidence. If all kinds of documentary evidence confirming the amount of fraud are confirmed by other evidence, and the possibility of legal income is ruled out, the criminal facts can be determined on this basis. Therefore, the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases such as Telecommunication Network Fraud stipulates that if it is really impossible to collect the victim statements one by one due to the limitation of objective conditions such as the large number of victims, the criminal facts such as the number of victims and the amount of fraudulent funds can be comprehensively determined by combining the collected victim statements, verified bank account transaction records and third-party payment and settlement account transaction records.

How to determine the value of physical evidence without corresponding purchase records after annihilation? In some cases, the physical evidence was annihilated, and the corresponding purchase records and other documentary evidence were lacking. How to determine the value of the original physical evidence became a difficult problem. For example, in the theft of Huang, the court of first instance failed to identify some of the stolen goods accused in the indictment on the grounds that the specific model of some cables could not be judged and the number of thefts was only the witness testimony of the injured unit. After the prosecution filed a protest, through investigation and evidence collection from the purchasing and warehouse management personnel of the victim unit at the time of the crime, the case-handling personnel collected all the sales invoices of the supplier company, thus confirming the types of cables purchased by the victim unit at the time of the crime, and finally effectively identifying the value of the relevant cables in combination with other evidence.

Therefore, the handling of such cases needs to fully explore the "source" and "destination" of the original material evidence, and use it as a clue to confirm the testimony of relevant witnesses and the statements of victims, so as to confirm the value of the annihilated items. In other words, many facts that can be confirmed by objective evidence are not limited to the elements presented by themselves, but need to be excavated and explained by the case-handling personnel through empirical rules.

Heavy documents released! The average life expectancy in China will exceed 80 years.

  BEIJING, Beijing, May 20 (Xinhua) On the 20th, the full text of the "14th Five-Year National Health Plan" issued by the General Office of the State Council was published. The document stated that by 2025, the average life expectancy in China will continue to increase by about one year on the basis of 2020, and in 2035, the average life expectancy will reach over 80 years. In addition, a series of important measures involving people’s medical treatment and medication, as well as medical undertakings and health industries were also announced.

  You know these numbers

  — — In 2035, the average life expectancy in China will be over 80 years old.

  According to the plan, from 2015 to 2020, the average life expectancy will increase from 76.34 years to 77.93 years. According to the plan, by 2025, the average life expectancy in China will continue to increase by about one year on the basis of 2020. Looking forward to 2035, the average life expectancy in China will reach over 80 years.

  — — The proportion of people who regularly participate in physical exercise is 38.5%

  According to the plan, by 2025, the health literacy level of China residents will be raised to 25.0%. The proportion of people who regularly participate in physical exercise is 38.5%, and the smoking rate over 15 years old has dropped to 23.3%.

  — — The myopia rate of children and adolescents has dropped by more than 0.5 percentage points every year.

  By 2020, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in China will reach 52.7%, and the plan proposes that by 2025, this ratio will be reduced by more than 0.5 percentage points every year.

  — — The proportion of days with excellent air in cities above prefecture level is 87.5%.

  According to the plan, in 2025, the proportion of excellent air days in cities above prefecture level will be 87.5%, and the proportion of surface water reaching or better than Class III water will reach 85%.

  — — The proportion of national and provincial health counties is not less than 40%

  The proportion of national and provincial health counties is not less than 40%. Further promote the construction of health promotion hospitals, and the proportion of health promotion hospitals in hospitals above the second level is not less than 50%.

  Medical treatment will have these advantages.

  — — Reduce the burden of reproductive medical expenses

  The plan proposes to implement the three-child birth policy and improve relevant supporting measures. Continue to do a good job in maternity insurance to protect the maternity medical expenses and maternity allowances of insured female employees, and do a good job in ensuring the maternity medical expenses of urban and rural residents insured by medical insurance to reduce the burden of maternity medical expenses.

  — — Carry out special research on improving fertility and make a good diagnosis and treatment of infertility

  Medical and health institutions carry out special research on improving the fertility, standardize the application of human assisted reproductive technology, and do a good job in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Support maternal and child health care institutions to integrate preventive health care and clinical medical services.

  — — Strengthen the intervention of depression, sleep disorder and senile dementia.

  The plan mentions strengthening the intervention of common mental disorders and psychological and behavioral problems such as depression, anxiety disorder, sleep disorder, abnormal psychological and behavioral development of children and senile dementia. Improve the psychological crisis intervention mechanism and incorporate psychological crisis intervention and psychological assistance into the emergency plan.

  — — Expand the scope of centralized procurement of drugs and high-value medical consumables

  We will improve the drug supply security system, expand the scope of centralized procurement of drugs and high-value medical consumables, implement the policy of retaining the balance of funds for centralized procurement of medical insurance, improve the monitoring network and information direct reporting system for shortage of drugs, and ensure the use of drugs by special groups such as children.

  — — Promote the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy.

  Improve the national drug standard system and promote the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy. To establish a quality and curative effect evaluation system that conforms to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Establish a life-cycle quality management mechanism for drugs and vaccines, and promote the construction of an information traceability system.

  — — Promote the establishment of a multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment system for tumors.

  The plan mentioned that a multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment system should be promoted for tumors, multi-system and multi-organ diseases, and difficult and complicated diseases. Encourage anesthesia, medical examination, medical imaging, pathology, pharmacy and other professional and technical personnel to be included in the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment team to improve the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment level.

  These policy trends should be understood.

  — — Basically build a strong public health system.

  The plan proposes to basically build a strong public health system that can effectively cope with major epidemics and public health emergencies and meet the needs of the national public health security situation. In addition, do a good job of vaccination in Covid-19 in a safe and orderly manner, strengthen the whole process management, ensure vaccination safety, and gradually improve the vaccination rate of the population.

  — — Strengthening the construction of disease control talents and improving the core competence such as flow regulation

  The plan proposes to develop the human resources of retired medical staff, and support working or retired doctors in hospitals above the second level in cities to practice or open clinics in rural medical and health institutions. Strengthen the construction of the backbone talent team for disease control and enhance the core competence such as field epidemiological investigation. Improve the access, use, evaluation and other mechanisms of public health personnel.

  — — Support care modes such as intergenerational care and family mutual assistance for infants.

  Support qualified employers to provide childcare services for employees in the workplace alone or jointly with relevant units. Strengthen the guidance for the early development of infants in families, study and introduce measures for the management of family nursery points, support care models such as intergenerational care and family mutual assistance, and encourage professional institutions and social organizations to provide family parenting guidance services.

  — — Implement major projects for the revitalization and development of traditional Chinese medicine

  The plan mentions the implementation of major projects for the revitalization and development of Chinese medicine. Improve the service capacity of superior specialties of Chinese medicine hospitals at or above the prefecture level and characteristic specialties of county-level Chinese medicine hospitals, and strive for all county-level Chinese medicine hospitals to meet the basic standards of medical service capacity.

  — — Encourage social forces to set up non-profit medical institutions in these fields.

  Encourage social forces to set up non-profit medical institutions in areas with weak medical resources and areas with shortage of rehabilitation, nursing and mental health. Guide and promote the standardized development of independent institutions such as medical inspection centers and medical imaging centers, and encourage experienced medical practitioners to open clinics.

  — — Promote healthy tourism and accelerate the construction of healthy tourism bases.

  Promote the development of healthy tourism and accelerate the construction of healthy tourism bases. Choose cities or regions with rich teaching and scientific research resources, strong medical service ability and strong industrial strength, improve comprehensive coordination policies based on high-level hospitals, and build health industrial clusters. (End)

Officials who fell on the road of "poverty alleviation": 11 people in a 27-person unit were corrupt and used poverty alleviation funds to lend usury.

  CCTV News:As China’s poverty alleviation and development has entered a critical stage, the central and local governments’ investment in poverty alleviation funds has been increasing. What should be the "life-saving money" of the poor has become the "cash cow" of some corrupt officials.

  These leading cadres have lost their ideals and beliefs and engaged in corruption under the pretext of helping the poor. They use various means such as making things out of nothing, making false reports and taking the initiative, intercepting private parts, and colluding with others, making the field of poverty alleviation a high-incidence area of unhealthy practices that infringe on the interests of the masses and corruption.

  Fan Zengyu, former director of the Foreign Investment Project Management Center of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office, is one of them.

  The corruption path of poverty alleviation officials: obtaining tens of millions of assets by cheating and lending usury with poverty alleviation funds

  In 2004, Fan Zengyu was transferred to Henan Poverty Alleviation Office. Two years later, Fan Zengyu was transferred to Beijing to take charge of the training center for cadres in poverty-stricken areas in the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office. Three years later, Fan Zengyu was promoted to the position of Director of Foreign Investment Project Management Center of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office.

  Fan Zengyu, former director of the Foreign Investment Project Management Center of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office (data map)

  "I served as a department-level cadre in 1992, and served as a deputy department-level and director-level cadre after 2006. It is the fastest one promoted by the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office from the deputy hall to the main hall in recent years."

  In June 2008, Fan Zengyu met with Ding Yuxin (formerly known as Ding Shumiao), then the chairman of Boao Investment Management Group Co., Ltd.

  The road to corruption of collusion between officials and businessmen began.

  According to the prosecution’s accusation, at the end of 2009, Fan Zengyu illegally appropriated RMB 2.6 million donated by Ding Yuxin to the Office of the Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development of the State Council.

  From 2009 to 2010, Fan Zengyu accepted Ding Yuxin’s request and provided him with the opportunity to donate money to poverty alleviation projects organized by the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office, so as to establish a positive image and avoid investigation by relevant departments. To this end, Fan Zengyu has asked for or accepted Ding Yuxin for 38 times, which is equivalent to 40.13 million yuan.

  From August to November, 2010, Fan Zengyu fictionalized the fact that he helped Ding Yuxin repay Zhu’s debts and defrauded Ding Yuxin of RMB 3.9 million.

  In December, 2010, pretending to be the relevant leader, he contacted Ding Yuxin by SMS, and defrauded Ding Yuxin of RMB 2 million and Euro200,000 successively.

  From the end of December 2010 to the Spring Festival of 2011, after learning that Ding Yuxin had been taken compulsory measures by the public security organs, he lied to Zhang, a subordinate of Ding Yuxin, that he knew the relevant leaders, which could help Ding Yuxin smooth the relationship, and successively defrauded Zhang’s property for a total of more than RMB 8.9 million.

  Fan Zengyu got to know Ding Yuxin for more than two years, and got as much as 60 million yuan from Ding. Its appetite is huge and insatiable, which is amazing.

  On April 29, 2015, Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court sentenced him to death with a suspended sentence for accepting bribes, corruption and fraud, and confiscated all his personal property.

  Fan Zengyu is not the only one on the road to corruption.

  Jiang Jinghuai, former director of the Old District Office of Lidun Town, zhouning county, Fujian Province, started the idea of special poverty alleviation funds. A friend pointed out the way to make a fortune for him. "Lending with public funds can earn some interest, and short-term turnover can be profitable. If you want to make a fortune, you can’t take risks." Driven by interests, Jiang Jinghuai embezzled the subsidy of 575,000 yuan for the implementation of the second phase of the geological disaster relocation benefit project in Dongshan Village, Lidun Town. He transferred 500 thousand yuan to the personal account of "partner" for usury, and the remaining 75 thousand yuan was used for reception and personal expenses "Partners" fulfilled their revenue commitments as agreed, and in a few years, Jiang Jinghuai earned more than 500,000 yuan.

  "Without the spirit of adventure, how can you achieve your career? This opportunity to make a fortune has finally arrived!" Just when Jiang Jinghuai was dreaming of making a fortune, he didn’t know that the net of discipline and law had been built over to him.

  On June 22, 2017, Jiang Jinghuai was expelled from the party. For committing the crime of corruption, zhouning county People’s Court sentenced Jiang Jinghuai to four years and two months’ imprisonment and fined 600,000 yuan, and the 575,000 yuan for the benefit of loans and personal expenses was also recovered according to law.

  "Goose plucking" Poverty Alleviation: Only 30% of the 10 million poverty alleviation funds are left in the poverty alleviation office.

  Corruption in the field of poverty alleviation is not just an individual phenomenon. It is not uncommon for many people in poverty alleviation departments to corrupt and collude with each other, and it is not uncommon for some poverty alleviation offices to fall into the whole.

  Huayuan County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province is a national poverty-stricken county. In September, 2013, Hunan Provincial Water Resources Department officially approved the actual investment of 10.71 million yuan in Zhuchao Project for comprehensive control of soil erosion on sloping farmland in this county. During the bidding and construction of this project, Shimou, director of county water conservancy bureau, Longmou, deputy director of water conservation bureau, Mamou and others, as well as Hu, then chief of regulation department of Zhangjiajie Grain Bureau, and Shumou, driver of Huayuan County Water Conservation Bureau, etc., manipulated bidding, forged final accounts of the project, and falsely reported the engineering quantity. The 303 hectares of soil erosion area that was originally planned to be controlled was finally completed less than 23%.

  Cadres at provincial, state and county levels are involved in the case. The discipline inspection and supervision organs of Hunan Province put 24 people on file for review and admonished 35 people who received red envelopes. The number of people involved and the depth of violation of discipline and law are shocking.

  In yuping county, Guizhou Province, a poverty relief office with a total population of 27 people exposed a corruption case, involving two former leaders, six current leaders and three middle-level business backbones.

  Jian Guanglu, former Party Secretary and Director of Poverty Alleviation Office in Yuping County, Guizhou Province (video screenshot)

  In July 2007, the Guizhou Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection informed the Yuping County Poverty Alleviation Office of the serious corruption case and accountability. The circular pointed out that from April 2012 to May 2016, Jian Guanglu, the former party secretary and director of Yuping County Poverty Alleviation Office, repeatedly instructed relevant personnel of the unit to collect "working funds" from enterprises and individuals applying for credit poverty alleviation discount funds, set up a "small treasury" privately, and used it to distribute employee benefits in violation of regulations and share it with some personnel. At the same time, the county poverty alleviation office did not strictly check the information of enterprises applying for discount loans, resulting in eight enterprises colluding with bank staff to obtain discount funds.

  The case involved 11 party member cadres, 1 bank employee and 8 enterprises of the county poverty alleviation office, and accumulated 3.78 million yuan of disciplinary funds. The people involved in the case were severely dealt with, among them, seven people, including Jian Guanglu and Xiang Hui, former party member and deputy director of Yuping County Poverty Alleviation Office, were transferred to judicial organs for legal treatment.

  In 2012, in the series of corruption cases of poverty alleviation in Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia, 10 poverty alleviation officials from eight poverty alleviation offices, including Bayannaoer City and Wuyuan County, were investigated and dealt with, and the total amount of corruption reached 8.3 million yuan. According to the survey, the poverty alleviation funds were skinned layer by layer: 40% was deducted in the name of "activity funds" from the city to Qixian, and 40% was deducted from Qixian to townships. The "activity funds" were subsequently embezzled by some cadres. Among them, Guo, the former director of the Municipal Poverty Alleviation Office, embezzled 3.73 million yuan after serving for three years, and there were still more than 1.02 million yuan of huge property that could not explain the legal source. The investigators of the procuratorate said: "Some poverty alleviation offices have fallen as a whole."

  Open confrontation with the investigation: hunger strike, suicide, pouncing on biting, and the accounts are "flawless"

  The process of interrogating these corrupt officials was not smooth sailing. Some officials were lucky, refused to explain the problem, and even used extreme means to confront the case handlers.

 

  Zhou Hui, former member of the Standing Committee of Shawan County Committee in Tacheng District, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (data map)

  Zhou Hui, former member of the Standing Committee of Shawan County Committee in Tacheng District, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, used the policies of the state and autonomous regions to support agriculture, benefit farmers and help the poor, and arranged staff to obtain funds and financial allocations for various projects in the state and autonomous regions by means of false reporting and reporting projects, and withheld farmers’ self-raised funds and land contract fees, which were managed outside the account and set up a small treasury, involving tens of millions of yuan.

  After the incident, Zhou Hui not only went on hunger strike intermittently for several months, but also threatened the case handlers in a suicidal way from time to time, so that at least three policemen accompanied him 24 hours a day in his cell. He not only curses, but also jumps on and bites when he is manic, and often makes a hullabaloo about at night. Zhou Hui also said that he had stomach cancer and had a definite diagnosis in Beijing Grand Hospital. Every day, he cried out that he had to go to Beijing for treatment. The case-handling personnel contacted the hospital in Beijing as soon as possible. The diagnosis certificate proved that there was no cancer at all. He just had an examination there before.

  The unnecessary resistance did not let Zhou Hui escape the punishment of the law. On February 6, 2016, Zhou Hui was sentenced to 19 years in prison for committing corruption and misappropriation of public funds.

  Huang Dajian, former deputy director of the Audit Bureau of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province, regards poverty alleviation as a "cash cow" for his personal gain. From 2007 to 2008, Huang Dajian defrauded poverty alleviation funds totaling 120,000 yuan by means of falsely reporting poverty alleviation projects and falsely invoicing. At the end of 2008, Huang Dajian won 50,000 yuan of citrus industry development poverty alleviation funds without authorization in the name of the poverty alleviation working group. In 2010, he colluded with his wife and brother Li Shanchuan and put the 50,000 yuan into his pocket by means of false invoicing and reimbursement.

  In the face of censorship, Huang Dajian still has luck.

  "His mouth was so hard that he refused to explain anything at first."

  According to the investigators, Huang Dajian used his own experience in auditing to defraud poverty alleviation funds by borrowing funds first and then falsely invoicing for reimbursement. Therefore, from the accounts alone, Huang Dajian’s work can be described as "seamless". Facing the police handling the case, he also plausibly said: "I am a cadre who has been engaged in auditing for many years. How can I know the law and break the law? There is definitely no problem in the use of poverty alleviation funds."

  Anti-corruption police re-adjusted their thinking and strengthened their clues. After Li Shanchuan was arrested and brought to justice, Huang Dajian could no longer find a reason to shirk, bowed his head and truthfully confessed all his criminal facts. In June 2015, the court sentenced Huang Dajian and Li Shanchuan to four years and one year and five months respectively for corruption.

  From personal "reaching out" to "swallowing up", this corruption case that fell on the road to poverty alleviation is shocking. While implementing the strategy of "Great Poverty Alleviation" and increasing investment in projects and funds, these cases also remind the party and the government to strengthen supervision and supervision over poverty alleviation cadres and ensure that these measures for benefiting the people can really "land". (Text/Ren Jia)

Star Age ET "stole" the hearts of users, but Chery has to go a long way.

Whoever can make people happy can steal their hearts. Star Age ET "stole" the hearts of many users.

The extended range model is 189,800-225,800 yuan; The pure electric model is 229,800-319,800 yuan, and the Star Road Star Era ET is listed. Compared with the previously announced pre-sale price, the starting price is nearly 10 thousand yuan less.

According to the official, since the pre-sale started on April 15th, as of 18: 00 on May 9th, the large order of Star Era ET reached 18,397 vehicles.

Frankly speaking, it is not easy for Star Era ET to get a large order of nearly 20,000 vehicles on the premise that the new car is not on the market and the user has not experienced the test drive personally. Perhaps, the reason that affects users to place orders is the "ultra-low" pre-sale price, but I think it should be more that users see that the characteristics of Star Era ET are highly consistent with their own needs.

Past experience has long proved that only car companies that have deeply studied users’ psychology can build a best-selling model, just as friends can only establish a deep friendship if they really understand each other.

Five product advantages make Xingji ET go further.

I firmly believe that at the beginning of the development of Star Era ET, the official must have thoroughly studied how to make this car impress users. Undoubtedly, Chery, which is good at technology, will form a product advantage through technological advantages after deeply understanding the user’s psychology and trigger emotional interaction with users.

At the press conference, Yin Tongyue, Party Secretary and Chairman of Chery Holding Group, said: "Xingjiyuan ET has super powers such as safety, intelligence, comfort and long battery life." And these aspects, it is the star era ET to impress users.

The cruising range has always been a "pain" for users of new energy vehicles. To solve this problem, the simplest and most direct way is to increase the cruising range.

Star Era ET has launched two versions: extended range version and pure electric version. Among them, on the extended-range model, Chery has played an advantage in engine research and development, equipped with a self-developed high-performance extended-range special engine with a thermal efficiency of 44.5%. At the same time, the engine also has excellent oil-electricity conversion efficiency, which can achieve the fuel consumption of 3.65kWh and 5.2L/100km WLTC for 1L oil-fired power generation, and the comprehensive endurance of 1518km under the condition of full oil and full electricity.

On the pure electric model, as the first model for mass production of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Shenxing rechargeable battery in the world, the longest cruising range of Xingjiyuan ET reaches 760km, and it can recharge 475km in 11.5 minutes, even if the SOC changes from 20% to 80% in 24 minutes at the low temperature of minus 20℃. When the vehicle is in the low battery condition with SOC of only 20%, it can still run on the ice and snow road at MINUS 20℃ with an acceleration of 5.46s per 100 kilometers.

Safety is the greatest luxury. A few days ago, the official held a "falling test" to show the super safety of ET in Xingyu. In the experiment, an astral era ET "freely falls" at an altitude of 31.9 meters. The test results show that there is no obvious deformation of the vehicle passenger compartment structure, the doors can be opened, the airbag pops up normally, and the battery does not leak, smoke or catch fire.

According to the official introduction, in order to ensure the safety of ET in Xingyue, this car is equipped with six comprehensive safety protections: active safety, passive safety, battery safety, information safety, functional safety and electromagnetic safety, and it is a global safety fortress on the road. As a global product, the passive safety of Xingjiyuan ET is built according to domestic and international double five-star safety standards.

Comfort is the initial intention of the creation of Xingyuan. The previously listed Xingyuan ES was labeled as "comfortable and extraordinary".

In the Star Age ET, in order to enhance the comfort of the vehicle, his car is nearly 5 meters long, with a wheelbase of 3 meters, and has an effective cabin space of 3.45 m and a canopy light transmission area of 1.57㎡. In terms of seat configuration, Star Era ET adopts Nuprima micro-velvet matte leather, with comfortable configuration such as luxury super-wide audio headrest for the main driver, 16-way electric floating zero-gravity passenger seat and four-way electric adjustable rear seat. At the same time, passengers’ ride comfort will be improved by equipped with star bar, high-quality speakers, intelligent air management, intelligent thermal management system and other functions.

Compared with the above points, driving control is definitely the most noteworthy aspect for users of Star Age ET.

Because this car is equipped with a Yuntai intelligent chassis that is comparable to the driving control of millions of luxury cars, and it has four core technologies: cloud architecture, intelligent control chassis, efficient braking and intelligent power. And it has IAS intelligent air suspension and CDC electromagnetic damping system, which realizes the perfect balance between driving and comfort. In addition, the intelligent four-wheel drive, the free-wheeling steering system and the wading depth of 750mm have further sublimated the driving control ability of this car.

In the aspect of intelligence, we are proud that Star Era ET has realized NEP intelligent driving assistance in the whole scene through 30 high-performance sensors and NVIDIA DRIVE ORIN chip with a computing power of 508TOPS.

Perhaps, many users have doubts about the driver assistance system. After all, no one wants to make their travel hidden. In order to show its security to users, Yin Tongyue personally launched the high-level intelligent driving long-distance challenge between Beijing and Tianjin. In the process of driving, Star Age ET can take over the whole process of high-speed pilot driving, and realize high-order intelligent driving performance such as automatic up-and-down ramp, overtaking lane change and super-long tunnel passage.

Endurance allows users to explore poetry and distance, safety is the greatest luxury, comfort can alleviate the matching of users while driving, driving control can make users feel the pleasure of driving, and intelligence has become the basic demand of users for configuration. In fact, it is not difficult to gain insight into users’ needs, which is what they need, but how to do it requires car companies to work hard when launching products.

However, for Chery, who is good at technology, these are not difficult. He can realize the needs of users through his own strong technical foundation, and Xingjiyuan ET can completely become a bosom friend in users’ travel.

Star Age aims at the industry TOP3, but the reality is cruel.

In order to meet the needs of users, Star Age ET has made great efforts. Even in order to further meet the needs of users, after the pre-sale conference, through the sincere suggestions of many loyal users, it is still making adjustments, adding front-row far-end airbags and front-rear penetrating side airbags for extended-range Plus models. These are enough to become the cornerstone of ET’s foothold in the market.

However, for Star Age, even Star Road, and even Chery Group, we must not be complacent because of our short-term success. Because the market will not give him a chance to stop.

In 2018, Chery Group officially launched Star Road to the market. Star Road is to Chery, just like Lexus is to Toyota Group, Acura is to Honda Group, and British finidi is to Nissan, which represents the highest level of enterprise car making and is a weapon for enterprises to break through.

With the wave of electrification and intelligentization sweeping through the China automobile market, Chery Group, which was previously tepid in the field of intelligent networked new energy vehicles, once shouted "you’re welcome" rhetoric and vowed to enter the top position in the industry.

Therefore, as a master of Chery’s technology, a pioneer of Chery’s technology and a breakthrough of Chery’s brand, Xingtu shoulders the historical mission of high-end and new energy of Chery Group. In order to realize the wish, Xingtu also launched a high-end new energy sequence-Star Age.

At present, there are two models under the Star Era brand, namely the previously listed car model Star Era ES and the medium and large SUV Star Era ET listed this time. As can be seen from the product positioning, the task of Xingjiyuan ES is to seek a breakthrough in the field of high-end new energy cars; The task of Star Era ET is to become a sharp knife in the new energy SUV market.

At the press conference, Yin Tongyue made no secret of Star’s expectation for Era Series products. He said: "With the launch of Xingjiyuan ET and other models, I believe that the sales of our new energy products will soon enter the TOP3 of the industry, and the cows we blew last year will be honored. This year, new energy is no longer welcome."

At the same time, Yin Tongyue also placed high hopes on Star Era ET: "Star Era ET can bring new value choices to the high-end new energy SUV market, take on the mission of" going up "of Chery Group with the momentum of the vanguard, lead the brand of Chery Group up, and lead the global products of Chery Group to be popular overseas."

However, objectively speaking, it is hard to say whether Xingyuan can achieve a breakthrough. After all, the current market competition is too fierce, and even a careless move will lead to a complete failure. From now on, Star Age has achieved initial success through Star Age ET, but how to keep it going is the basis of the market. After all, according to statistics, among the previous new energy products, the monthly maximum sales volume of Xingjiyuan ES was only 740 vehicles. Moreover, the sales volume of the models that Chery focuses on building is not good, and the highest monthly sales volume since listing is only 1,191 …

In this way, it is not easy for Chery Group to become the head enterprise of the new energy automobile track, and it is more realistic to ensure that there are several products in the market to support the facade.

In the third quarter, edible oil imports may show a trend of "palm oil increase and rapeseed oil decrease"

  Monitoring shows that palm oil imports (including stearin) are expected to be 350,000 tons, 320,000 tons and 360,000 tons from July to September, respectively. The increase in palm oil imports is mainly due to the staged profit of palm oil imports, and the import of ships has increased compared with the second quarter. It is estimated that the rapeseed oil imports from July to September will be 150,000 tons, 180,000 tons and 120,000 tons respectively. The decrease in rapeseed oil imports is mainly due to the high domestic rapeseed oil inventory and the poor profit from importing rapeseed oil from Russia and other places. (National Grain and Oil Information Center)

High-quality service for the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the all-round revitalization of rural areas "Start again"

CCTV News:The Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Association for Science and Technology recently issued a notice to start the construction of the second batch of small science and technology institutes and clusters of small science and technology institutes, leading the reform of the education and training mode of professional degree graduates, and serving the modernization of agriculture and rural areas with high quality and the overall revitalization of rural areas. You can register now.

The mode of postgraduate training in small science and technology colleges refers to the long-term stationing of agricultural graduates in the front line of agricultural production, focusing on solving practical problems in agricultural and rural production practice, and cultivating agricultural high-level applied talents who know, love and promote agriculture.

The construction of the second batch of small science and technology institutes and clusters of small science and technology institutes focuses on "four expansions": from a single small science and technology institute to a cluster of small science and technology institutes; Cross-expanding from single agricultural discipline to multi-discipline; From the leadership of colleges and universities to the integration and expansion of "politics and Industry-University-Research"; Expand from domestic distribution to global distribution, and promote the development goal of large-scale, cluster, brand, characteristic and internationalization of small science and technology institutes.

The notice clearly stated that it is necessary to carry out the construction of small science and technology institutes in areas such as the main producing areas of national grain and important agricultural products, key assisting counties for national rural revitalization, pioneering areas for agricultural green development, key areas for agricultural resources and environmental protection, key ecological functional areas and important ecological protection and restoration areas such as black land, and actively serve national food security, rural industrial development, rural construction, rural governance and farmers’ income increase.

Including single and cluster objectives and tasks, each has its own emphasis.

It is understood that the construction types of the second batch of small science and technology institutes include single and cluster, and their goals and tasks are different. Let’s continue to understand.

Small agricultural science and technology institutes focus on the leading agricultural industry in the region, popularize advanced agricultural technology, focus on agriculture-related majors, and study the actual production problems in agricultural production or the whole industrial chain. Comprehensive science and technology small colleges focus on local industrial revitalization, talent revitalization, cultural revitalization, ecological revitalization, organizational revitalization and other aspects, encourage multi-category multi-disciplinary co-construction, and cooperate in research and solution of the "three rural issues" in the process of rural revitalization.

Science and technology small courtyard cluster is divided into regional science and technology small courtyard cluster and industrial science and technology small courtyard cluster, focusing on major issues of agricultural production or industrial development, establishing science and technology small courtyard cluster with leading colleges as the main body, and creating a comprehensive innovation platform for multi-disciplinary joint research and agricultural technology transformation and promotion. Focus on supporting the construction of science and technology small courtyard clusters in key rural revitalization counties, national agricultural green development pioneer areas and areas with weak agricultural technology extension forces.

At present, more than 1,800 small science and technology institutes have been built in China.

The origin of science and technology small courtyard can be traced back to 2009, when the team of teachers and students from China Agricultural University went out of the campus and tried to move the classroom and laboratory to the fields in Quzhou, Hebei.

When I first came to Quzhou, teachers and students lived in the experimental station, which was far away from the fields, and it was always impossible to catch up with the time when the local villagers went to the fields. Later, the teachers and students of the team simply lived in the village. This residence found that the effect was particularly good. People came to consult everything, and face-to-face communication narrowed the distance between the two sides.

It is understood that up to now, 157 postgraduate training units across the country have taken the lead in building more than 1,800 small science and technology institutes. In April, 2023, the postgraduate training mode of small science and technology institutes was awarded the special prize of national teaching achievement award. In the No.1 Document of the Central Committee in 2024, it was clearly put forward for the first time to promote the mode of small science and technology institutes. In addition, the model of science and technology small courtyard has been extended to Laos and 11 countries in Africa, and has been promoted and applied globally by FAO as a key case for three consecutive years.

2.0L++DHT blessing, enough personality.

Nowadays, when consumers buy a car, safety configuration is one of the most important considerations, so whether active/passive safety configuration is rich or not will directly affect its popularity. Although not excellent, it can also reach the mainstream level of the same level. Let’s take a look at it next.

Let’s look at the appearance of Ruifeng M3 first. The front face of Ruifeng M3 looks more atmospheric and softer. Coupled with sharp headlights, the visual effect is not bad. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, etc. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 5145MM*1765MM*1900MM, the car uses fashionable lines, the car side looks very beautiful, with large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is quite simple. In the rear part, the tail line of Ruifeng M3 is streamlined, the taillights are very capable, and the overall shape is still very attractive.

In terms of interior, the design of Ruifeng M3 interior is simple and elegant, which is simple and generous. The steering wheel of the car is very capable, made of imitation leather, and feels good. From the central control point of view, the car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and looks fashionable. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. The dashboard design is remarkable and looks cleaner. The car uses a fabric seat, which is wide and thick, and the overall ride feels soft and comfortable.

Ruifeng M3 is equipped with rear wiper, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), Bluetooth /WIFI connection, cruise control and voice control, which can be said to be quite satisfactory.

The model class introduced today is the most considered class when many people buy their first car, mainly because the size of this class is moderate and the price is reasonable. If you go offline and actually experience it, it is estimated that there will be many new gains.

Feng Timo: The actress who has been discussed a lot, once accompanied the second generation of rich people, was exposed by large-scale videos, and now she is in the advanced stage of cancer!

[Title] Feng Timo: The actress has a lot of discussions. She once had an episode with the rich second generation, and now she is in the advanced stage of cancer!

[Text] @2018, Feng Timo became popular with a single called "Buddhist Girl", which quickly became a popular track and was widely disseminated on major short video platforms. However, Feng Timo’s past of sleeping with the rich second generation was recently exposed by a large-scale video, which attracted great attention on the Internet.

According to reports, in 2016, a man named Wang worked as an accountant in a real estate company. It is said that he used public funds to give gifts in the live stream on a large scale, including gifts worth 1.60 million yuan to Feng Timo. However, the exposure of this incident has brought great pressure and negative evaluation to Feng Timo.

Ms. Von Timo faced another major setback recently when she was diagnosed with terminal cancer, prompting an outpouring of discussion and concern on social media, with many expressing their wishes and support.

Despite the buzz, Feng Timo is still a popular actress. Her musical talent and personal charm have attracted the love of many fans. Her single "Buddhist Girl" is worth mentioning, which explains the life attitude of modern young people with unique melodies and sincere lyrics, resonating with the younger generation.

Ms. Feng’s story has also brought some reflection. Both the exposure of the Fuerdai episode and her current illness have made people aware of the pressures and challenges of being a public figure. Ms. Feng’s experience is a microcosm of the entertainment industry, and it has also made people think about how to protect their privacy and dignity in this age of public opinion.

In the face of controversy and difficulties, Feng Timo has shown a strong side. Even with terminal cancer, she still faces life with courage and positivity. We hope she can overcome the disease and continue to bring us moving songs and positive energy.

In general, Feng Timo is a much-watched actress. Her story has both the interludes of public opinion and the challenges brought by illness, but she has touched the hearts of many people with her persistence and positive face. Whether it is the charm of music or her attitude towards life, people are full of expectations and admiration for Feng Timo.

[Format]

Feng Timo: The actress has a lot of discussions. She once had an episode with the rich second generation, and now she is in the advanced stage of cancer!

In 2018, Feng Timo became popular with a single called "Buddhist Girl", which quickly became a popular track and was widely disseminated on major short video platforms. However, Feng Timo’s past of sleeping with the rich second generation was recently exposed by a large-scale video, which attracted great attention on the Internet.

According to reports, in 2016, a man named Wang worked as an accountant in a real estate company. It is said that he used public funds to give gifts in the live stream on a large scale, including gifts worth 1.60 million yuan to Feng Timo. However, the exposure of this incident has brought great pressure and negative evaluation to Feng Timo.

Ms. Von Timo faced another major setback recently when she was diagnosed with terminal cancer, prompting an outpouring of discussion and concern on social media, with many expressing their wishes and support.

Despite the buzz, Feng Timo is still a popular actress. Her musical talent and personal charm have attracted the love of many fans. Her single "Buddhist Girl" is worth mentioning, which explains the life attitude of modern young people with unique melodies and sincere lyrics, resonating with the younger generation.

Ms. Feng’s story has also brought some reflection. Both the exposure of the Fuerdai episode and her current illness have made people aware of the pressures and challenges of being a public figure. Ms. Feng’s experience is a microcosm of the entertainment industry, and it has also made people think about how to protect their privacy and dignity in this age of public opinion.

Responsible editor: