分类： bb

On June 30th, the People’s Daily overseas edition reported that the Trump administration was waving a tariff stick, and the United States itself had already suffered "casualties": unemployed people, companies that had cut production and were about to stop production, and large companies that transferred some production outside the United States … All these made Trump very angry. Holding high the banner of "America first" and making great efforts to protect American companies, however, the protected people are obviously ungrateful. Can the differences at the decision-making level, the pressure from the American people and the appeals from all over the world make the Trump administration change its mind?

"backyard fire"

Trump is angry. The direct cause is the decision of Harley-Davidson, an American motorcycle manufacturer.

After the United States imposed retaliatory tariffs on the EU, the EU offered countermeasures. Among them, the tariff on motorcycles imported from the United States was raised from 6% to 31% on June 22. On June 25th, Harley-Davidson announced that this move would increase the company’s annual cost by 90 million to 100 million dollars. Therefore, the brand plans to move some motorcycle production lines out of the United States. On the same day, the market value of the five major technology giants in the United States evaporated by more than 80 billion US dollars, causing a "stock market bloody case".

The largest steel nail manufacturer in the United States is also hanging. Midland Nail Company, located in Missouri, recently laid off 60 of its 500 employees because the steel import tariff increased by 25%, which led to higher costs. After the company raised the price to cope with the rising steel price, the order was reduced by 50%. These unemployed employees were called "the first casualties" of Trump trade war by Washington post.

A spokesman for the company said on June 26 that unless the federal government exempts imported steel from high tariffs, the company may stop production before Labor Day in September. The spokesman told CNN that the company was "on the verge of disappearing". Another possibility is to move to Mexico, because most steel raw materials come from Mexico. There, it can buy steel without tariffs, and then export the finished nails to the United States without tariffs.

The American business community is worried that what happened to the nail factory in Central China is just the tip of the iceberg. The American Chamber of Commerce estimates that 2.6 million jobs in the United States are at risk because of the Trump administration’s tough trade policy. Moody’s, a research firm, estimates that 2.4 million jobs may be laid off.

Worry is spreading. Strategists at ING pointed out that tit-for-tat tariff escalation has led to the deterioration of the US economic prospects, and the US dollar may lose its status as a safe haven currency. Bostic, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, said that if the situation of trade disputes worsens, he may rule out the possibility of raising interest rates for the fourth time this year.

"self-defeating"

The analysis pointed out that in several trade wars launched in the United States at the same time, each side retaliated against the United States. Originally, it was just a war of words, but it has caused unexpected consequences.

For example, Oreshkin, Russian Minister of Economic Development, said that cars and American road-building equipment imported from the United States may become the target of Russian tariff increase. Canada decided to impose retaliatory tariffs on American goods with a total value of about $12.8 billion from July 1. In early June, Mexico imposed a tariff with the highest tax rate of 25% on some American goods. India also announced that the import tariff on chickpeas produced in the United States will be raised to 70% from August 4, and the tariffs on other American imports will also be raised. Turkey has imposed a total tariff of 267 million US dollars on 22 kinds of goods imported from the United States since June 21st.

Bowen, a senior researcher at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, said that the tariff trade war initiated by the United States is "easily self-defeating". He also said, "Like Harley’s corporate behavior this time, as long as Trump mentions tariff increases again, American companies will follow suit."

Some experts said that as the first "Made in America" to leave, the Harley incident indicates that the Trump administration’s economic policy and trade policy have sent a failure signal and will bring a series of chain reactions. At present, the energy, agriculture and manufacturing industries in the United States are suffering. As more and more countries such as the European Union, China, Indian, Turkish and Mexican countries impose retaliatory tariffs on American products, the White House may see more "Made in America" leaving home. If it wants to impose unprecedented high taxes on American enterprises that have left and start the "doomsday" procedure, there is no doubt that "trade terrorism" will first make its own family swallow the consequences.

The New York Times pointed out that Trump’s trade war affected the entire American economy, and it was difficult for American enterprises to get rid of the numerous tariffs imposed at home and abroad. Trump claimed that the trade policy he advocated was aimed at reviving the American manufacturing industry, but Harley’s trend showed that Trump’s trade war ignored the dependence of American enterprises on the world raw materials and production and marketing markets, which would make the American economy "catch fire in the backyard".

Sudden pressure increase

In the United States, the Trump administration began to face increasing pressure.

American industry strongly criticized the Trump administration’s new tariff policy. The Financial Times reported that world steel association and two of its member companies filed a lawsuit in the US International Trade Court on June 27th, arguing that the "Article 232" on which the Trump administration imposed a 25% tariff on imported steel products was unconstitutional, and asked the court to order the suspension of the above-mentioned steel tariffs.

In terms of automobile tariffs, Trump has also been opposed by several automobile manufacturer organizations. According to the American Automobile Manufacturers Union, the 25% tariff will make buyers pay an extra $5,800 when buying a new car, and consumers in the United States will pay nearly $45 billion in automobile tariffs.

Republican lawmakers in Congress who are in favor of free trade, with the support of the US Department of Commerce and other business groups, are working hard to strictly limit President Trump’s right to further impose tariffs from the legal level.

Utah Senator orrin hatch, the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee in charge of trade policy, said that he planned to promote independent legislation, and the focus would be on Section 232 adopted by Trump to impose tariffs on steel and aluminum on trading allies this year, so as to solve the concerns of lawmakers about Trump’s imposition of new tariffs.

Bob Corker, a senior Republican senator from Tennessee and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said that he would try to propose at the Senate meeting that a farm bill be added to restrict the president’s power, stipulating that the president would be subject to congressional review when imposing tariffs on national security grounds.

In addition, on June 26, more than 270 national and local commercial organizations in the United States issued a joint letter calling on Congress to pass legislation to restrict the power of US President Trump to impose tariffs on national security grounds.

The outside world is increasingly worried that Trump’s trade war practice may bite the industries and the overall economy of the United States. Such concerns have now overshadowed the optimism that the massive tax cuts passed at the end of last year will boost the economy.

Do you want to carry out the trade war to the end? Trump needs to think seriously.

(The original title is "Provoking a Trade War, the United States has been injured")

In order to fully implement the Central Rural Work Conference and "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Continuously Enhancing the Supply Guarantee Ability of Agricultural Products" (Zhongfa [2012〕oneNo.), as well as the spirit of the national agricultural work conference, and earnestly do a good job.2012Agricultural and rural economic work in 2000, we hereby put forward the following opinions, please combine the actual situation and earnestly implement them.

2011In 2000, faced with severe challenges such as abnormal natural disasters and abnormal fluctuating market environment, agricultural departments at all levels resolutely implemented the deployment requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, successfully completed the goal and task of "doing everything possible and making efforts to ensure", and consolidated and developed the good momentum of stable development of agricultural and rural economy. Grain production has reached a new record high, reaching the first step.11000A new step of 100 million Jin has been stable for five consecutive years.oneMore than one trillion Jin, achieving the first eight consecutive years of production increase in half a century. The output of major agricultural products increased in an all-round way, the market supply of agricultural products was sufficient, the quality and safety remained at a high level, the situation of major animal epidemics was generally stable, agricultural machinery, agricultural reclamation and township enterprises continued to develop, and the import and export trade of agricultural products grew rapidly. Farmers’ income has achieved double-digit growth, the highest in history, and the growth rate has exceeded that of urban residents for two consecutive years. Increasing agricultural production and increasing farmers’ income have won the initiative to curb excessive price increases and cope with the international financial crisis, and made important contributions to maintaining stable and rapid economic development and maintaining social harmony and stability.

20122008 is an important year for implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and our party will hold the 18th National Congress. Doing a good job in agricultural and rural economy, ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products and increasing farmers’ income continuously are of special significance to the overall economic and social development. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have put forward new and clear requirements for accelerating agricultural scientific and technological innovation, continuously improving the supply guarantee capacity of agricultural products, and promoting the rapid growth of farmers’ income, and issued stronger support policies. The development of agricultural and rural economy faces many favorable conditions. But at the same time, it also faces many challenges, such as high development base and production cost, uncertain climatic conditions and market changes. It is obviously more difficult to maintain stable grain production and increase farmers’ employment and income, and the task is even more arduous and arduous. Agricultural departments at all levels must strengthen their sense of hardship and responsibility, estimate the difficulties and problems more fully, make good preparations for the response, do all the work well, and be sure to prevent blind optimism, lax work and weakened policies, prevent turning points in grain production and decline in farmers’ income, and resolutely consolidate and develop the hard-won good situation.

2012The general requirement of agricultural and rural economic work in is to conscientiously implement the decision-making and deployment of the Central Rural Work Conference and the Central CommitteeoneDocument No.1, thoroughly implement the spirit of Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on the stable development of grain production, accelerate agricultural scientific and technological innovation, comprehensively promote the construction of modern agriculture, adhere to the goal of "two ways to ensure two efforts", and do everything possible to stabilize grain production.10500More than 100 million Jin, the increase in farmers’ income remained at7.5%Above all, efforts should be made to ensure that major agricultural product quality and safety incidents and regional major animal epidemics do not occur, continuously improve the supply guarantee capacity of agricultural products, and provide a basic guarantee for achieving stable and rapid economic and social development.

First, implement and improve the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers, and further increase agricultural support and protection.

oneFully implement the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers.2012In, the central government continued to increase investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and the increment and proportion of financial investment, investment in fixed assets and investment in agricultural science and technology all increased. Agricultural departments at all levels should seize the rare opportunity, do a good job in implementation and supporting, strengthen policy propaganda, increase supervision, and ensure that the central government’s policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers is fully implemented at the grassroots level and fulfilled by farmers. The "four subsidies" for agriculture, the creation of high-yield grain, cotton, oil and sugar, the compensation for grassland ecological protection, the reward and subsidy for large production counties, and the special production of "vegetable basket" will be the focus of policy implementation, and the new subsidies will be actively promoted to the main producing areas, large farmers and farmers’ professional cooperatives. Promote the improvement of the interest compensation mechanism in the main producing areas, and implement the incentive and subsidy policies for large grain (oil) producing counties and large counties where pigs are transferred. Promote the improvement and implementation of policies such as the minimum purchase price of grain, temporary storage and storage of bulk agricultural products, and regulation of the pig market, explore the establishment of a price stability mechanism for major vegetable varieties, and maintain a reasonable level of agricultural products prices. Actively promote agricultural aid to Xinjiang and Tibet and poverty alleviation and development, strengthen financial, technical and talent support, and promote coordinated regional development.

2Promote the improvement of supporting policies such as rural finance and rural social development.We will continue to improve rural financial support policies, innovate rural financial institutions, products and services, guide farmers’ professional cooperatives to standardize credit cooperation, and explore effective ways to meet rural financial needs. Promote the expansion of agricultural insurance types and coverage, increase premium subsidies, carry out pilot projects of premium subsidies for facility agriculture, support the development of fishery mutual insurance, and encourage local governments to carry out production insurance for advantageous agricultural products. We will implement the policy of rebuilding dilapidated houses in agricultural reclamation areas, steadily promote the process of urbanization in agricultural reclamation areas, and accelerate the improvement of the living environment of farm workers. Promote rural social management innovation and cultural construction, promote the implementation of rural social security, compulsory education and secondary vocational education, culture benefiting the people and other policies, and accelerate the improvement of rural people’s livelihood.

Two, to seize a good harvest of grain production, stable development of cash crops such as cotton, oil and sugar production.

threeDo a good job in grain production without slackening.Do everything possible to stabilize the sown area of grain, rely on science and technology to improve the yield and quality, and realize the increase of summer grain and early rice production and the stability of autumn grain. Summer grain pays special attention to drought resistance and pest control in winter and spring, and implements drought-resistant watering and "one spray and three defenses" for wheat. Early rice pays special attention to soil preparation and seedling raising, and promotes the application of greenhouse seedling raising and centralized seedling raising technology. Autumn grain highlights the promotion of early maturity and disaster prevention and reduction, pays special attention to corn production, actively implements drip irrigation under plastic film in northeast China and full film mulching technology in northwest China, and taps the potential of corn yield increase. We will continue to carry out actions to stabilize grain production, improve the mechanism of coordinated supervision of grain production by various departments, organize the assessment and evaluation of comprehensive grain production capacity, and promote the implementation of the grain governor responsibility system. We will continue to strengthen the promotion of the establishment of an integrated system for high-yield grain production, select large grain-producing cities with good basic conditions, great potential for increasing production and high scientific and technological level, and take the lead in launching pilot projects for the establishment of high-yield grain preparation cities. Promote the combination of high-yield demonstration films with high-standard farmland construction, leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, farmers’ professional cooperatives and various social service organizations, improve the production conditions of high-yield demonstration films, and improve the degree of organization of grain production in terms of agricultural materials supply, farming harvest, production management, and pest control. Strengthen agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, strengthen soil moisture situation and production situation monitoring and disaster prediction and early warning, accelerate the professional unified prevention and control of crop pests and diseases, and improve the support policies for the prevention and control of major pests and diseases.

fourCoordinate the development of cash crops such as cotton, oil and sugar.Support superior producing areas to strengthen the construction of production bases such as cotton, oilseeds and sugar, stabilize the area, optimize the layout, improve the yield and improve the efficiency. Continue to promote the establishment of high-yield cotton, oil and sugar, carry out pilot projects in the whole town, organically combine with technical demonstration and promotion such as cotton seedling transplanting, healthy sugarcane seedling and mechanization of the whole production process, strengthen technical training and on-site observation, and effectively enhance the demonstration and driving effect. Strengthen the construction of natural rubber and other hot production bases, optimize the layout of production structure, cultivate superior and characteristic products, and improve the level of industrial development.

fiveAccelerate the construction of modern agriculture in state farms.Focusing on irrigation and water conservancy, material equipment and scientific and technological innovation, we will strengthen the construction of large-scale production bases for high-quality agricultural products in agricultural reclamation, further improve the supply guarantee capacity of grain, sugar, cotton, pigs, cows and natural rubber in agricultural reclamation, and give play to the demonstration and leading role of agricultural reclamation in modern agricultural construction. Support the development of state-owned agricultural enterprises in agricultural reclamation, make good use of state-owned capital budget investment, promote resource integration and capital operation, promote industrial transformation, and cultivate a number of large multinational agricultural enterprise groups.

Three, the stable development of "vegetable basket" product production, to ensure the effective supply of major agricultural products.

sixImprove the production level of horticultural products such as vegetables.Implement the national vegetable industry development plan and strengthen the construction of production bases in advantageous producing areas. Stabilize the amount of vegetable fields in large and medium-sized cities and improve the self-sufficiency of local seasonal vegetables. Strengthen the monitoring of vegetable production information and expand the monitoring scope to580A key county of vegetable industry. Support the construction of intensive vegetable nursery and improve the level of vegetable production facilities. We will continue to establish standard gardens for horticultural crops such as vegetables, fruit trees and tea, and promote standardized production.

sevenDo a good job in the production of major livestock products such as pigs, cattle and sheep.Stabilize the development of pig production, effectively improve the sow’s farrowing ability, the survival rate of piglets and the scientific raising level of pigs, strengthen production monitoring and situation prediction, improve the control plan as soon as possible, start the control measures at the right time, and strive to avoid large fluctuations in pig prices. Vigorously support the production of beef and mutton, focusing on ensuring the production and supply of beef and mutton in ethnic areas. Promote the transformation of grassland animal husbandry production mode in pastoral areas, promote large-scale, intensive production and efficient centralized fattening in northern agricultural areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, and promote moderate-scale breeding in southern areas. Vigorously improve the standardization and thoroughbred level of beef and mutton production, strengthen the construction of beef and mutton production counties, and improve the comprehensive production capacity of beef and mutton. Do a good job in the construction of forage base and start the implementation of the action to revitalize the development of alfalfa in dairy industry. Continue to promote the development of standardized scale breeding of livestock and poultry and strengthen the construction of improved seed breeding system.

eightPromote the healthy development of fisheries.Expand the establishment scale of aquaculture demonstration farm, carry out the pilot project of aquaculture ecological environment restoration, speed up the standardization transformation of ponds, improve the comprehensive production capacity and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of aquaculture, and ensure the safe and effective supply of aquatic products. We will carry out the construction of improved seed system and the promotion of production norms, build a number of genetic breeding centers and original seed farms for large varieties and superior varieties, comprehensively promote the quarantine of aquatic seed production areas, and improve the ability to ensure the production of original aquatic seed, the selection of new varieties and the adjustment of seedlings after disasters. Support the expansion of offshore fishing, support the upgrading of professional and standardized offshore fishing boats and the development of new fishing grounds resources. Strengthen the construction and management of fishing ports and fishery administration. Promote the project of fishermen who take boats as their homes to live ashore.

nineIn-depth implementation of a new round of "vegetable basket" project.Strengthen departmental communication and coordination, and promote the implementation of various policies to support the development of the vegetable basket industry. Promote local governments to strictly implement the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system, and explore the responsibility assessment around indicators such as the amount of production land, the self-sufficiency rate of key products, the qualified rate of product quality and safety, and the ability to support emergency supply.

Four, strengthen the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products, and make unremitting efforts to prevent and control major animal diseases.

10Strengthen the safety supervision of agricultural product pledge.We will continue to carry out in-depth special rectification of the quality and safety of agricultural products, effectively strengthen the special rectification of "Clenbuterol" and the quality and safety supervision of raw milk, and implement centralized management of outstanding problems in individual products. We will further improve the routine monitoring system for the quality and safety of agricultural products at the national and provincial levels, supervise the production, management and use of agricultural, veterinary drugs and feed throughout the process, and strictly regulate the use of feed additives. Further increase the intensity of agricultural counterfeiting, strengthen the linkage between inspection and crackdown and comprehensive law enforcement. Vigorously promote new fertilizers and pesticides with high efficiency, safety, low toxicity and low residue. Accelerate the pace of revision of agricultural standards, strengthen the certification and supervision of "three products and one standard", support the overall promotion and demonstration of agricultural standardization, and start the construction of national agricultural product quality and safety supervision demonstration counties. Improve the quality and safety risk assessment system of agricultural products, carry out quality and safety risk assessment, and promote the construction of quality and safety inspection and testing system and traceability system of agricultural products. Accelerate the construction of quality and safety supervision institutions for agricultural products in towns and villages, and ensure that all towns and villages in China basically establish quality and safety supervision service institutions for agricultural products by the end of the year.

11Pay close attention to the prevention and control of major animal diseases.Implement various measures such as compulsory immunization, quarantine supervision, epidemic monitoring and emergency management, improve the quality of immunization, decisively deal with sudden outbreaks, and prevent the spread of the epidemic. Effectively strengthen vaccine quality supervision, strictly implement daily supervision, flight inspection, factory supervision, batch issuance and other management systems, urge enterprises to organize vaccine production and inspection activities in strict accordance with production regulations, and strictly control the quality of raw materials for vaccine production. We will do a solid job in the basic monitoring of priority disease prevention and control, carry out special monitoring of avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease and brucellosis pathogens throughout the country, and launch the implementation of key single animal disease prevention and control plans. Implement the disease purification plan for breeding livestock and poultry farms and strengthen the prevention and control at the source. We will continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of key zoonoses such as brucellosis, schistosomiasis and echinococcosis. Strengthen the monitoring of African swine fever, mad cow disease and other exotic animal diseases to prevent the introduction of major overseas animal diseases. Strengthen the construction of animal disease-free areas and biosafety areas, and further promote the construction of animal identification and animal product traceability system. Strengthen animal health supervision and law enforcement, improve the animal epidemic prevention responsibility system, standardize animal husbandry and veterinary administrative law enforcement behavior, and strictly implement the "six prohibitions of the Ministry of Agriculture on animal husbandry and veterinary administrative law enforcement". Promote the construction of licensed veterinarians and official veterinary systems, and strengthen the construction of township animal husbandry and veterinary stations and village-level epidemic prevention staff. To carry out the assessment and testing of veterinary laboratories, and strengthen the capacity building of laboratories. Organize the implementation of the National Medium and Long-term Animal Disease Prevention and Control Plan. Do a good job in the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases.

twelveDo a good job in agricultural safety production.Fully implement the responsibility system for production safety. Strengthen the capacity building of grassland fire prevention and control, strengthen emergency training and drills, strictly investigate hidden dangers of grassland fire and fire prevention supervision, and strengthen fire monitoring and early warning, emergency material support and emergency disposal. Strengthen the construction of facilities and equipment of agricultural machinery safety management institutions, strengthen the registration, license issuance and annual inspection of tractors and combine harvesters, implement a regular free inspection system for agricultural machinery, and encourage the development of agricultural machinery safety insurance premium subsidies. Carry out activities such as "Safe Agricultural Machinery Demonstration County" and "Safe Fishery Demonstration County". Strengthen the entry and exit visas and inspection of fishing boats, and promote the construction of fishery safety rescue system. Strengthen the construction of "Safe Reclamation Area".

Five, solidly carry out the "year of promoting agricultural science and technology" activities, and comprehensively promote the progress of agricultural science and technology.

13Accelerate agricultural science and technology innovation.Support agricultural basic, cutting-edge and public welfare scientific and technological research, strive to break through major key agricultural technologies and common technologies, and solve the problem of disconnection between science and technology and production. Focusing on seed industry, oriented by high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety, we will continue to organize and implement major special projects for cultivating new varieties of genetically modified organisms, promote the implementation of a number of scientific and technological research projects urgently needed by seed industry and agricultural production, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries of biological breeding with modern biotechnology as the core, and cultivate breakthrough new varieties. Further promote the construction of modern agricultural industrial technology system, improve the new agricultural science and technology organization model with industrial demand as the guide, agricultural products as the unit, industrial chain as the main line and comprehensive experimental station as the basic point, discover and solve technical problems in production in time, and give full play to the positive role of technological innovation, experimental demonstration and radiation drive. Continue to implement public welfare industry (agriculture) research projects and948Plan to strengthen the research and development of agricultural machinery and agronomy integration technology, and strengthen the introduction and research and development of key technologies such as responding to agricultural disasters, saving costs and increasing efficiency, saving energy and reducing emissions, and ensuring the safety of agricultural products. We will start the implementation of the plan for the construction of agricultural science and technology innovation capacity, focus on the construction of agricultural science and technology innovation platform and the key laboratory system of the Ministry of Agriculture with the integrated layout of comprehensive key laboratories, professional (regional) key laboratories and scientific observation experimental stations, promote the construction of basic conditions of agricultural science and technology and the co-construction and sharing of scientific and technological resources, and strengthen the construction and system layout of scientific research and breeding bases, Nanfan bases, applied research demonstration bases, testing centers, scientific investigation ships and agricultural product quality and safety risk assessment laboratory systems. Improve and optimize the scientific research project establishment mechanism, classification evaluation mechanism and large-scale cooperation mechanism, cultivate a number of scientific and technological agricultural enterprises, and form a joint force of scientific and technological innovation.

14Strengthen the construction of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system.Further improve the management system of township agricultural public service institutions, and strengthen the management and guidance of county-level business departments on township agricultural technology extension. Full implementation of personnel employment system, strict post conditions, the implementation of post responsibilities, the implementation of the county authorities, township governments, farmers tripartite evaluation. Further increase investment, according to the scale of breeding and service performance to implement the promotion work funds, and included in the local financial budget. Promote all localities to effectively improve the treatment level of grassroots agricultural technicians, implement wage tilt and performance-based wage policies, and ensure that the wage income of grassroots agricultural technicians is connected with the average wage level of grassroots institutions. All localities should implement matching funds to ensure that2012In 2000, the reform and construction demonstration county project of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system basically covered agricultural counties (cities, districts and fields), and the conditional construction project of township agricultural technology extension institutions covered all townships. We will fully implement the conditional construction projects of township agricultural extension institutions, build or expand business premises for township agricultural extension institutions, and equip them with inspection, testing, extension services and other instruments and means of transportation. Carry out the pilot project of special post for agricultural technology extension service, and select a group of university graduates to serve as special post personnel in towns and villages. Incorporate the reform and construction projects of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system into performance evaluation, track and manage the implementation of extension funds in each county and the construction progress of each township or regional station, and comprehensively evaluate the institutional setup, team building, work funds, condition construction, system construction and personnel treatment to ensure the implementation of central decision-making and deployment.

15Vigorously promote major key technologies for agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, and stabilize and increase production.According to different regions, different farming modes and different farming seasons, timely release emergency plans and technical guidance programs for disaster prevention and reduction, and popularize and apply key practical technologies. We will promote the implementation of subsidies for the key technologies of agricultural disaster prevention, mitigation, stable production and increase production, focusing on the popularization of key technologies such as plastic film mulching and drip irrigation under plastic film for corn in the "Three North" area, supplementary irrigation for wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai area and "one spraying and three prevention", rice seedling raising in greenhouse in northeast China and centralized seedling raising for early rice in south China, subsoiling and soil preparation by agricultural machinery, conservation tillage, soil testing and formula fertilization, unified prevention and control of pests and diseases, and prevention and control of animal diseases. Continue to carry out the science and technology conference, mobilize the full participation of the national agricultural science and education system, and organize the whole country.70Ten thousand agricultural science and technology personnel went to the countryside, entered the village, arrived at the scene, and entered the household, and carried out solid agricultural science and technology services throughout the year to achieve full coverage of major agricultural counties and key villages. exist17Super rice is promoted in 2008 in the major rice producing provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).oneMore than 100 million mu.

16Develop modern crop seed industry.Formulate and implement the development plan of crop seed industry, further clarify the development layout and key tasks of seed industry, integrate resources and strength of all parties, and lead the development of modern seed industry. Promote the introduction of a number of seed industry support policies, especially in supporting commercial breeding of enterprises, subsidies for improved seed breeding, seed reserves, seed production insurance, and management system construction. Give full play to the role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, support a number of key seed enterprises, promote the flow of commercial breeding resources, technology, talents and other factors to enterprises, and support the seed enterprises with integrated breeding and promotion to become bigger and stronger. Strengthen the construction of seed bases in superior seed production areas, continue to implement seed engineering and other projects, and start the construction of large-scale, standardized, mechanized and intensive seed production bases in northwest, southwest and Hainan, so as to speed up the promotion of new varieties. Strengthen infrastructure construction such as seed system. Encourage seed enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives to jointly establish a relatively centralized and stable seed production base, and build a demonstration field for the introduction of new varieties in major grain, cotton and oil producing counties. Strengthen seed supply and demand scheduling, and do a good job in variety and regional adjustment. Organize the special action of seed law enforcement year to ensure the safety of seed production. We will improve the system of variety approval, protection and withdrawal, strengthen the management of administrative license for seed production and operation, and severely crack down on illegal activities such as manufacturing and selling counterfeit and inferior products, counterfeiting infringement, and buying and selling.

17Cultivate modern agricultural talents and new farmers.Fully implement the modern agricultural talent support plan. Relying on the existing major scientific research plans, projects and base construction, strengthen the training of agricultural scientific research talents and innovative teams, and focus on cultivating a group of outstanding young and middle-aged agricultural scientific research talents. Strengthen the construction of agricultural technology extension talents, guide and encourage college graduates majoring in agriculture to work in county and township agricultural public service institutions. Extensively carry out regular training for grassroots agricultural extension personnel in different levels and categories, and send grassroots agricultural extension backbones to universities and research institutes for further study. Strengthen the construction of practical talents in rural areas, and focus on training large farmers, heads of farmers’ professional cooperatives, heads of leading agricultural industrialization enterprises, university student village officials, rural brokers, agricultural mechanization workers, agricultural products processing and leisure agriculture employees, and accelerate the training of a number of rural development leaders, rural skilled service-oriented talents and rural production and operation-oriented talents. Expand the training scale of rural labor sunshine project, improve subsidy standards, and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of training. Make full use of the slack season in winter and spring, and carry out large-scale agricultural science and technology training at multiple levels, through multiple channels and in various forms.

Six, strengthen the construction of major projects, improve the level of modern agricultural material and equipment.

18Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland.Raise construction funds through multiple channels, implement the planned field project of increasing grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin, and speed up the construction of high-standard farmland for drought and flood protection. Continue to do a good job in the investigation and monitoring of agricultural land quality. Carry out the whole county (field) pilot of soil testing and formula fertilization, promote the whole township, vigorously promote the industrialization of formula fertilizer, carry out pilot subsidies for small intelligent fertilizer distribution equipment, and encourage the establishment of on-site mixed fertilizer supply service outlets. Expand soil organic matter and increase the scale of subsidies, encourage and support farmers to return straw to fields, plant green manure and increase the application of organic fertilizer. Strengthen the construction of demonstration bases for facility agricultural equipment and technology, do a good job in the construction of infrastructure such as field irrigation and tractor-ploughing roads, continue to promote the construction of supporting facilities such as final irrigation and drainage ditches, motor wells and pumping stations in the field, and develop small rainwater collection and storage facilities, emergency water sources, spray and drip irrigation equipment, etc.

19Promote the construction of modern agricultural demonstration zones.Increase investment, guide modern agricultural production development fund projects, the project of increasing grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin and other various fund projects to tilt to the demonstration area, and strive to build the demonstration area into a production base of high-quality grain, advantageous agricultural products and an ecological agricultural development base, so as to give better play to the leading role of demonstration. Focusing on high-standard farmland construction, facility agriculture construction, agricultural science and technology popularization and application, innovation of agricultural management system and mechanism, and quality and safety of agricultural products, we will promote the construction of demonstration areas and strive to make breakthroughs in weak links and key areas. Strengthen the planning and guidance of demonstration area construction, do a good job in monitoring and evaluation, and publish evaluation results regularly. Study and formulate policy documents to promote modern agricultural demonstration zones and realize agricultural modernization first.

twentyImprove the level of agricultural mechanization.Carefully deploy and organize mechanized production in important farming seasons such as spring ploughing, three summers, "double grabbing" and "Sanqiu" to push the mechanization level of rice and corn to a new level, and the area of subsoiling and land preparation by agricultural machinery continues to increase. Strengthen the popularization and training of agricultural mechanization and promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. Actively promote precision sowing, deep application of chemical fertilizer, conservation tillage and other technologies. Efforts will be made to solve outstanding problems such as rice transplanting and corn, rape, sugarcane and cotton harvesting, vigorously promote machinery and equipment such as facility agriculture, animal husbandry and aquaculture, and explore the whole-process mechanized production mode of agriculture. Encourage the development of large and efficient plant protection machinery. Promote the use of small practical fertilization machinery according to local conditions. We will promote the implementation of preferential policies for credit and taxes to support the development of agricultural mechanization, and encourage large-scale farmers, large-scale agricultural machinery households and farmers’ professional cooperatives to purchase large and medium-sized agricultural machinery and tools. Promote the marketization and industrialization of agricultural machinery services, cultivate and expand agricultural machinery socialized service organizations, and promote agricultural machinery professional cooperatives to carry out "social-enterprise cooperation" with agricultural machinery enterprises and financial enterprises.

21Strengthen the construction of agricultural ecological environment.Promote the construction of rural biogas, support the development of household biogas, biogas in breeding communities and joint households, large and medium-sized biogas, rural service outlets, etc. Prepare the comprehensive utilization plan of biogas manure, start key projects and projects such as comprehensive utilization of straw, and accelerate the energy and resource utilization of rural wastes. Continue to implement rural clean projects, carry out agricultural clean production demonstrations, and accelerate the control of agricultural non-point source pollution. Further strengthen the environmental protection of agricultural products producing areas, and strengthen the monitoring and remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil of agricultural products producing areas. Strengthen the protection and utilization of agricultural wild plants and strengthen the prevention and control of alien invasive species. Continue to implement the project of returning grazing to grassland, expand the scope of the project, and support the construction of grassland fences, forage bases, livestock sheds and the improvement of severely degraded grasslands. Strengthen grassland supervision in pastoral and semi-pastoral areas. Promote the implementation of grassland protection construction in the south and disaster prevention and mitigation projects in pastoral areas. We will promote energy conservation and emission reduction in fisheries, strengthen the conservation of aquatic biological resources, increase the proliferation and release of fisheries, the construction of marine pastures and aquatic biological reserves, and strictly implement the system of closed fishing.

Seven, promote the construction of agricultural products market system, strengthen the marketing of agricultural products.

22Strengthen the construction of agricultural product market circulation system.Promote the construction of national professional agricultural products wholesale market, guide the wholesale market of origin to carry out upgrading, and improve the supporting facilities such as trading venues, electronic settlement, information processing, inspection and testing. Support production bases and professional cooperatives to build supporting facilities such as cellar storage, processing, packaging and storage of agricultural products on the spot, develop an integrated cold chain logistics system, and improve the marketing ability of producers. Promote the implementation of the policy of exempting the value-added tax from the circulation of vegetables, promote the implementation and improvement of the "green channel" policy for fresh agricultural products, and reduce the circulation cost of agricultural products.

23Do a good job in agricultural product market information service.Strengthen the monitoring, early warning and information release of agricultural products market, improve the price monitoring system in production, wholesale and retail, focus on collecting producer price information, release early warning information in time, guide farmers to arrange production reasonably, and enhance the information service ability for producers and operators. Strengthen the cost-benefit investigation of major agricultural products, do a good job in the investigation of crop planting intention in important agricultural time and the forecast of summer grain and oil, early rice and annual grain output.

24Promote the informationization of agricultural production and management.Organize the implementation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Informatization in China. We will step up the establishment of the second phase of the "Golden Agriculture Project". Continue to implement the "three in one" project and improve12316Comprehensive information service platform for agriculture, countryside and farmers. Organize the implementation of the national Internet of Things application demonstration project agricultural project. Carry out the pilot work of agricultural and rural informatization evaluation. Start the pilot project of informatization construction of farmers’ professional cooperatives.

25Promote the connection between production and marketing of agricultural products.Vigorously develop contract agriculture, promote the direct connection between producers and wholesale markets, farmers’ markets, supermarkets, hotels and restaurants, school canteens, etc., and support production bases and farmers’ professional cooperatives to increase direct supply and direct sales outlets in urban communities to form a stable relationship between supply and demand of agricultural products. Organize multi-form and multi-level agricultural products production and marketing docking activities, run the 10th China International Agricultural Products Fair and other activities, and cultivate the brand of agricultural products exhibition. Strengthen the dispatch analysis of sudden changes in the fresh agricultural products market, and properly deal with problems such as unsalable sales.

Eight, broaden the channels of increasing farmers’ income and maintain the steady growth of farmers’ income.

26Tap the potential of increasing income within agriculture.Further optimize the layout of agricultural productive forces, actively develop regional characteristic industries, strengthen the creation and protection of characteristic agricultural products brands, strive to create efficient and high-quality agriculture, and improve agricultural efficiency. Identify the second batch of national demonstration villages and towns with one village and one product, give play to the leading role of professional villages and towns, leading enterprises and large breeding households, and promote cost reduction, quality improvement and efficiency improvement.

27Promote the healthy development of rural secondary and tertiary industries.Support the development of township enterprises, actively cultivate industrial clusters, and promote transformation and upgrading. Promote the implementation of policies and measures to support the development of small and micro enterprises, and enhance the employability of farmers and the vitality of county economy. Vigorously develop the processing industry of agricultural products, implement the project of benefiting the people by primary processing of agricultural products, and increase the added value of agricultural products. Steadily promote the development of leisure agriculture, actively carry out pilot demonstrations, strengthen standardized management, improve industry standards, build service platforms, and cultivate new growth points for farmers’ employment and income.

28Promote rural labor employment and entrepreneurship.Continue to promote the transfer of rural labor force, promote the improvement of the employment environment for migrant workers, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Strengthen the guidance for farmers’ employment and entrepreneurship, vigorously carry out training for farmers’ entrepreneurship and employment, change training methods, promote the close integration of training with base construction, personnel training and industrial development, and improve farmers’ employment and income-increasing skills. Encourage and support migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses, guide the construction of farmers’ entrepreneurial parks, and bring employment through entrepreneurship.

Nine, deepen rural reform, expand agricultural opening up.

29Stabilize and improve the basic rural management system.Stabilize and improve the rural land contract relationship, steadily expand the pilot registration of rural land contractual management rights, implement the financial subsidy policy, and ensure the funds for the pilot work. Strengthen the management and service of rural land contractual management right transfer, actively cultivate the land contractual management right transfer market, and develop various forms of moderate scale operation. We will continue to promote the construction of an arbitration system for land contract disputes and strengthen the law enforcement inspection of land contract laws and policies. In accordance with the requirements of clear ownership, standardized management and contracting to households, we will accelerate the contracting of grassland ownership and carry out grassland registration according to law.

30Vigorously develop farmers’ professional cooperatives.We will improve the policy system to support the development of cooperatives, increase financial, taxation and financial support, and promote the implementation of agriculture-related construction projects entrusted to qualified cooperatives. Promote the standardized construction of cooperatives, carry out in-depth demonstration cooperative construction actions, strengthen the training of cooperative leaders and accountants, and establish and improve the team of cooperative counselors. Encourage and support university student village leaders to set up cooperatives and organize a series of activities of the International Year of Cooperatives.

31Develop industrialized management of agriculture.Do a good job in the implementation of supporting policies, optimize the development environment of leading enterprises, guide leading enterprises to cope with changes in the economic situation and market risks, and promote leading enterprises to become bigger and stronger. Further promote the construction of national agricultural industrialization demonstration base and carry out the fifth national key agricultural industrialization leading enterprise monitoring. Support all localities to strengthen the training of agricultural industrialization talents. Strengthen the close cooperation between leading enterprises and cooperatives, one village, one product, specialized villages and towns, and farmers, improve the interest linkage mechanism, and further improve the degree of organization of agricultural production and operation.

32Strengthen the work in the rural reform pilot area.Organize the implementation of pilot projects in rural reform pilot areas, guide all pilot areas to carry out reform experiments in strict accordance with the approved test contents, and explore and improve the system and mechanism of agricultural and rural development. Strengthen the organization and leadership of the work in the rural reform pilot area, grasp the progress of the pilot project in a timely manner, strengthen supervision and inspection, and properly handle the new situations and new problems arising in the reform experiment to ensure the solid and orderly progress of all work in the rural reform pilot area.

33Actively promote other rural reforms.Strengthen the construction of supervision platform for rural collective funds, assets and resources, and strengthen the standardization of rural collective financial management. We will promote the reform of the property rights system of rural collective economic organizations with the joint-stock economic cooperation system as the main form, and explore the establishment of a rural collective property rights trading platform. We will promote the standardization of fund-raising and labor-raising, study and formulate operational procedures for fund-raising and labor-raising, and promote the improvement of financial reward and compensation policies. Extend the field of supervision of farmers’ burden, focus on the issue of apportioning to village-level organizations, and study and formulate guidance on investigating and handling violations involving farmers’ vital interests. Effectively strengthen the construction of grass-roots agricultural and economic institutions and teams. Deepen the reform of land reclamation, improve the management system and enterprise management mechanism, and start the pilot reform of social functions of state-owned farms.

34Improve the level of agricultural opening up.Consolidate and strengthen multilateral, bilateral and regional agricultural cooperation mechanisms, actively participate in the formulation of international standard rules and multilateral and bilateral agricultural trade negotiations, and do a good job in formulating and coordinating trade policies for grain, cotton, soybeans and fertilizers. Strengthen the construction of agricultural industry damage monitoring and early warning system, improve the agricultural industry damage risk assessment mechanism, and strengthen agricultural products trade relief. Vigorously promote the international marketing of agricultural products, strengthen measures to promote the export of agricultural products, and further optimize the trade structure of agricultural products. Guide foreign investors to invest in the development of modern agriculture, strengthen the security risk prevention of foreign capital merger and acquisition of domestic agriculture-related enterprises, and improve the quality and level of "introduction". Promote and improve policies and measures to support agriculture "going out".

Ten, strengthen the construction of agricultural system itself, with a good style to promote agricultural and rural economic development to create new achievements.

35In-depth investigation and study at the grassroots level.We will continue to encourage and support cadres and workers in the agricultural system to go deep into the reality, the grassroots and the masses through the activities of "survey of 100 rural households", sending cadres and workers to work at the grassroots level and supporting agriculture, and carry out investigations and studies on major problems in the development of agricultural and rural economy, and put forward ideas and countermeasures to solve the problems. Establish and improve the system of connecting leading cadres with grass-roots units, encourage leading cadres in the agricultural system to contact a village, a farmer’s professional cooperative or a leading enterprise in agricultural industrialization for a long time, gain a deep understanding of agricultural production, policy implementation and farmers’ lives, and guide the work from point to area.

36Improve the work implementation mechanism.Constantly improve methods, perfect mechanisms and innovative ways to ensure that all policies are implemented at the grassroots level and among farmers. According to the characteristics of farming season and production laws, timely refine various measures such as promoting stable agricultural production, disaster prevention and mitigation, saving costs and increasing efficiency, market supervision and safe production, and ensure that all key measures are implemented in agricultural production. According to grassroots concerns and farmers’ needs, major technical routes and work plans will be formulated, and practical technologies, market information, policies and regulations will be sent to grassroots frontline and fields in time to ensure that all guidance services are implemented in agricultural system work. Start the implementation of performance appraisal to the provincial agricultural sector to extend the pilot.

37Promote agricultural administration according to law.Improve agricultural laws and regulations, promote scientific and democratic legislation, and improve the quality of agricultural legislation. In-depth publicity and education on agricultural legal system. Further deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, improve the service mechanism for the people, and promote the efficient and transparent operation of administrative examination and approval norms. Solidly promote the disclosure of government information, timely and comprehensive disclosure of government information involving the vital interests of farmers. Comprehensively promote the standardization of comprehensive agricultural law enforcement, improve conditions, strengthen training, enforce the law in a civilized way, and strive to improve the efficiency of law enforcement.

38Really change the work style.We will further promote the activities of serving the people and striving for Excellence, and do practical things and solve difficult problems for the peasants by means of pairing assistance, guaranteeing village services, and sending policies and technology to the countryside. Strengthen the emergency management of major agricultural emergencies and improve the ability and level of emergency response. Strengthen communication and cooperation within the agricultural system and with other departments, promote the tilt of funds, technology and talents to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and form a strong joint force to promote the development of agricultural and rural economy. Strengthen the construction of party style and clean government, strengthen the prevention and control management of clean government risks, resolutely investigate and deal with all kinds of cases of violation of law and discipline, correct unhealthy practices that harm the interests of the masses, and firmly establish a good image of the agricultural system for the people, pragmatic and clean.

The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China

two0January 11th, 1921

Beijing Zhengban made [2023] No.26

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　With the consent of the municipal government, the Guiding Opinions of Beijing Municipality on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Science and Technology Business Incubators are hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement them carefully.

General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　　　　

December 13th, 2023　　

　　(This piece is publicly released)

Guiding Opinions of Beijing Municipality on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Science and Technology Business Incubators

　　In order to speed up the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center and Zhongguancun World’s leading science and technology park, give full play to the important role of science and technology business incubators in promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, accelerate hard technology entrepreneurship and serve the development of high-tech industries, and create an open and innovative ecology with global influence, this guidance is formulated.

　　I. General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, thoroughly implement the spirit of a series of important speeches made by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader to Beijing, accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, seize the great opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, focus on promoting the innovation and development of scientific and technological business incubators, strive to improve the efficiency of business incubation, and further penetrate the whole chain of scientific and technological innovation, transformation incubation, enterprise cultivation and industrial agglomeration. Promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain, accelerate the formation of an entrepreneurial incubation system closely integrated with the scientific and technological innovation system and industrial development system, and provide strong support for the high-quality development of the capital.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Focus on the frontier and upgrade the paradigm. Keep a close eye on the global frontier of science and technology, accelerate the exploration of a new paradigm of advanced incubation, strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial incubation capacity that matches the original innovative resources of this city, and build a high-energy carrier that supports the transformation of cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements and the incubation of hard technology.

　　Empower industries and make overall plans. Focus on high-tech industries and future industrial development direction, promote the construction of vertical science and technology business incubators, and strengthen its pivotal role in industrial ecology. Strengthen urban linkage, focus on the layout of "three cities and one district" and Zhongguancun demonstration zone, and promote in-depth cooperation and linkage development between incubators and industrial parks.

　　Link the world and open collaboration. Adhere to the global vision, deeply link, gather and integrate global innovation and entrepreneurship resources, accelerate integration into the global innovation network, and build an efficient, collaborative, open and inclusive business incubation ecosystem. Deepen regional linkage, strengthen Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative incubation, and explore the formation of a new model of cross-regional incubation relay.

　　Market-led, government-guided. Give full play to the main role of the market, encourage technology business incubators to continuously strengthen platform construction, improve investment and financing services, and optimize their operation modes. Strengthen policy guidance, establish a dynamic management mechanism, strengthen monitoring and evaluation, and further enhance the incubation capacity and service efficiency.

　　(3) Development goals

　　By the end of 2027, a gradient continuation business incubation system will be formed in the whole city, with the demonstration and guidance of benchmark incubators, the backbone support of municipal technology business incubators and other technology business incubators with complete functions. The degree of specialization, value and internationalization of incubators has been improved as a whole, and the ability of business incubation has basically been formed to match the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center; Significant progress has been made in the construction of the international incubation service network, initially forming an open innovation ecology with global influence, and the elements of innovation and entrepreneurship flow freely across regions, further releasing the vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship; A number of national high-tech enterprises, specialized and innovative enterprises, unicorn enterprises and other high-level hard-tech enterprises continue to emerge, and a number of high-energy high-tech and sophisticated industrial clusters and some leading global future industrial clusters have taken shape, which has effectively promoted this city to become a global highland for hard-tech innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Second, give full play to the important supporting role of incubators in the development of high-tech industries

　　(A) for the world’s leading edge of science and technology advanced deep incubation

　　Support incubators to actively connect with innovative forces such as national strategic scientific and technological forces and top strategic scientists, and accelerate the transformation and incubation of original innovative resources around frontier technical fields such as quantum information, life sciences and aerospace technology. Strengthen the role of innovation subjects such as national laboratories and new R&D institutions as innovation sources, establish a docking mechanism for project resource selection, encourage them to participate deeply, and guide incubators to carry out concept verification and business incubation. Support incubators to constantly innovate the incubation paradigm, set up a high-level business incubation team led by world-class incubation talents, start with scientists, papers and patents, tap cutting-edge technologies with transformation value, cultivate future enterprises and early subversive entrepreneurial projects, and constantly open up new fields and new tracks.

　　(B) Strengthen the incubator’s pivotal role in the innovative ecology of high-tech industries.

　　Focusing on the new generation of high-tech industry segments such as information technology, medical health and new materials, and the key directions of future industries such as synthetic biology, humanoid robots and clean energy, we will systematically lay out high-energy incubators. Focus on the needs of enterprise software and hardware development, sample prototype trial production and demonstration application, effectively link academics and industries, and run through the scientific and technological innovation chain. Encourage incubators to improve the efficiency of business incubation, accelerate the incubation of a number of national high-tech enterprises and other hard-tech enterprises, effectively release the energy of scientific and technological innovation, and strongly support the innovation and development of high-tech industries.

　　(C) Support leading enterprises to accelerate the construction of industrial ecological circle through incubation.

　　Give full play to the advantages of leading enterprises in terms of platform, capital and market, encourage them to build vertical industrial incubators, initiate the establishment of industrial venture capital funds, deeply incubate upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain and supply chain, reserve future development momentum, and lay the foundation for leading enterprises to take the lead in building industrial clusters with technological dominance. Support leading enterprises to cooperate with incubators, promote incubating enterprises to enter the industrial chain and supply chain of leading enterprises by opening up resources such as R&D demand, market orders and application scenarios, reduce the entry threshold of industries, and realize the financing development of large, medium and small enterprises.

　　(D) Encourage social capital to participate in incubation.

　　Support incubators and social capital to jointly set up professional early incubation funds and patiently incubate hard science and technology projects. Support capital to focus on hard technology to build incubators, and realize the deep integration of post-investment management and incubation acceleration. Support the incubation of national and municipal science and technology projects, explore the continuous support mechanism of "science and technology funds+equity investment", and accelerate the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Encourage banks, guarantee institutions and other joint incubators to develop hard technology venture loans, give long-term loan support, and broaden the financing channels for hard technology enterprises.

　　(5) Promote in-depth cooperation between incubators and industrial parks.

　　Guide incubators to regularly sort out the development and space demand of incubating enterprises according to the industrial subdivision fields, and timely deliver entrepreneurial enterprises and high-quality projects to industrial parks. Promote incubators and accelerators, university science parks, characteristic industrial parks, etc. to jointly build venture capital funds and innovative service platforms, form an efficient and smooth "incubation+acceleration+industrialization" relay mechanism with resource sharing, service interconnection, and continue to cultivate hard-tech enterprises and high-quality projects to accelerate the formation of industrial clusters with regional advantages.

　　Third, further strengthen the professional service capacity building of incubators.

　　(six) to do deep industry incubation services

　　Support incubators to closely follow the needs of the industry, build and build professional technical service platforms, provide technology development, concept verification, pilot test, inspection and testing services for technology enterprises, and deeply integrate high-quality industrial chain and supply chain resources. Support incubators to strengthen cooperation with technology transfer institutions and technical managers, equip high-level R&D auxiliary teams and technical consulting experts, and provide services such as R&D and production system solutions, high-reliability integrated design, testing and delivery implementation for startups, so as to enhance the service ability of results transformation. Encourage incubators to link with new infrastructures such as artificial intelligence infrastructure, new data centers and shared open source platforms to provide models, computing power, data and other resources for incubating enterprises and projects.

　　(seven) to do business incubation services.

　　Incubators are encouraged to use online entrepreneurial communities and technology open source communities to build an international incubation platform, attract young developers, geeks and technology enthusiasts from all over the world to exchange ideas, and plan a number of cross-border integrated entrepreneurial projects by colliding with ideas and conspiring to start businesses. Support incubators to accelerate digital transformation, build virtual incubation spaces such as online communication and negotiation, roadshow sharing, promote intelligent matching between supply and demand, and improve the level of intelligent incubation. Promote incubators to carry out comprehensive ability training for entrepreneurial tutors, continuously improve the cultivation system for entrepreneurial tutors, improve the refined level of entrepreneurial counseling, financing consultants and market docking, and meet the needs of entrepreneurial teams of different types and stages of development. Encourage qualified incubators to set up high-tech industries and future industrial technology seminars, and accelerate the cultivation of hard-tech entrepreneurial CEO, market and enterprise operation talents.

　　(eight) to strengthen the construction of incubation service personnel.

　　Guide experienced hard technology investors, senior industrial service experts, scientists with successful transformation experience, well-known product managers and outstanding entrepreneurs to enter the incubation industry. Establish a multi-level incubator employee training system, and improve the ability and accomplishment of incubator employees by organizing training courses, research visits, exchanges and sharing. Set up postdoctoral workstations in qualified incubators to attract incubation service talents and multidisciplinary talents to carry out cross-integration, product-oriented technology research and development and verification. Support qualified incubation service talents to apply for technical brokerage and other professional title evaluation, and promote the inclusion of incubation service talents in talent plans and talent projects.

　　(9) Promote institutional and institutional innovation.

　　Relying on the pilot project of comprehensive stock option service in Beijing, we will support incubators to explore "exchanging services for shares" and share the growth value of enterprises. Set up government service stations or intelligent government terminals in qualified incubators. For incubators with good qualifications and credit, the process can be simplified according to laws and regulations when recommending enterprises to declare relevant policy support in urban areas. We will promote qualified state-owned incubators to carry out value creation-oriented assessment and evaluation mechanisms and pilot reforms of mixed ownership, and actively explore institutional and institutional innovations such as holding shares by incubation teams, project follow-up, and fault tolerance and exemption.

　　Fourth, make every effort to build a new pattern of open and collaborative business incubation

　　(ten) to strengthen the regional overall layout of incubators.

　　In the "three cities and one district", we will focus on laying out incubators that serve cutting-edge technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, laying out incubators that serve the acceleration of industries in plain new cities, ecological conservation areas and urban sub-centers, and laying out incubators that serve the cultivation of characteristic industries in other districts. Encourage all districts to focus on characteristic industries, and build a number of well-equipped, high-quality and professional technology business incubators around colleges and universities and industrial parks through self-construction, co-construction and entrusted operation, so as to play an important role in building, leading, supplementing and strengthening the chain of regional industries.

　　(eleven) to explore a new model of "community incubation"

　　Optimize and upgrade the incubation functions of entrepreneurial landmarks and characteristic science and technology innovation communities such as Zhongguancun Venture Street, Zhongguancun Zhizao Street, Zhongguancun Maker Town and Hui+Shuangchuang Community, make regional incubation brands better and stronger, and actively attract domestic and foreign professional institutions in R&D services, intellectual property rights, investment and financing, finance, law, etc. to build a business incubation cluster with world-class innovation ecology. Support relevant districts to lay out incubators in high-quality talent communities, and provide convenient services such as "through train" for overseas entrepreneurial projects.

　　(12) Strengthen the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative incubation

　　Support Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei incubators to jointly explore and cultivate early projects with universities, leading enterprises, venture capital funds, industrial parks, etc., and give play to the role of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative incubation to expand application scenarios and provide more market opportunities for incubating enterprises. Encourage qualified incubators to carry out multi-point layout in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei through brand sharing, service model export and industrial continuous cultivation, so as to attract incubators outside Beijing that meet the functional orientation of the capital to develop in Beijing. Actively explore the effective connection between Beijing’s incubation capacity and Tianjin-Hebei and even the national industrial chain and supply chain, and form a new model of cross-regional incubation relay and industrial continuous development based on Beijing and Tianjin-Hebei.

　　(XIII) Deeply linking global innovation and entrepreneurship resources.

　　Encourage attracting world-renowned incubators to develop in Beijing, support incubators to cooperate with multinational companies and foreign R&D centers to build innovative service platforms, support cross-border "accelerated camps", promote two-way exchanges of talents, technologies, enterprises and other resources, and accelerate the construction of an efficient, collaborative, open and inclusive world-class innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. Explore the layout of incubators in the comprehensive bonded zone to incubate and cultivate hard-tech enterprises facing the international market. Encourage local incubators to set up offshore incubation carriers overseas, join internationally renowned incubation organizations, and accelerate their integration into global innovation incubation networks.

　　(14) Enhance the international influence of business incubation.

　　Further play the role of Zhongguancun Forum as a national platform, enhance the international influence of the global benchmarking incubator sub-forum, fully display the latest entrepreneurial achievements, publish industry authoritative research reports, share cutting-edge incubation views, and create a global business incubator vane. Encourage technology business incubators, characteristic parks and all kinds of innovative subjects to hold international innovation and entrepreneurship events, salons, exhibitions and other activities in Beijing, support the holding of innovative and entrepreneurial brand activities such as HICOOL Global Entrepreneur Summit, China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, Zhongguancun International Frontier Science and Technology Innovation Competition, Entrepreneurship Beijing, Maker Beijing and Zhongguancun U30, and actively attract more high-quality projects at home and abroad to land in Beijing.

　　V. Safeguards

　　(fifteen) to strengthen organizational leadership.

　　Establish a municipal coordination mechanism for science and technology business incubators, further clarify the division of responsibilities, promote the implementation of the work as a whole, hold regular work meetings, and coordinate and solve major issues. Establish a business incubation strategy advisory committee, give full play to the role of incubators, consulting institutions, associations and alliances, and provide decision-making consultation for the development of business incubation industry.

　　(sixteen) to strengthen policy support.

　　Actively strive for the policy support of national ministries and commissions, improve the policy support system of this city with the goal of incubating and cultivating national high-tech enterprises and unicorn enterprises, and introduce relevant supporting measures in various districts to give policy support to technology business incubators in terms of platform construction, project incubation, talent introduction, space guarantee, and services for incubating enterprises.

　　(seventeen) to strengthen monitoring and evaluation.

　　Establish and improve the statistical system of incubation industry, and do a good job in the service of "upgrading the rules into the system" of incubators. Relying on the network service platform of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center, we will build an online service platform for incubating industries and incubating enterprises in this city to keep abreast of the development of incubators and incubating enterprises. Do a good job in evaluating and guiding the development of incubators in various districts.

　　(eighteen) to strengthen publicity and guidance.

　　Strengthen the typical incubation model and case summary, publish the annual blue book of the incubation industry in this city, and establish a number of well-known hard technology incubation service brands through online and offline multi-channel publicity. Carry forward the innovation and entrepreneurship culture of "encouraging innovation, leading the future and containing failures", guide more social resources to invest in business incubation, and further create a good atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship.

In order to further promote the high-quality development of China’s banking industry and give full play to the advantages of the association’s service functions and public and professional platforms, the China Banking Association has published the "Top 100 Banking Companies in China" for four consecutive years. This list follows the principles of simplicity, objectivity and professionalism, refers to the Basel Accord and the relevant requirements of the regulatory authorities on the capital strength of the banking industry, takes the net core tier-one capital as the only evaluation standard, and comprehensively evaluates the operation scale, profitability, operational efficiency and asset quality of the top 100 banks in China, trying to become an important reference for measuring the comprehensive strength of China’s banking industry and an important window for all sectors of society to understand the current situation and development trend of China’s banking industry.

The net core tier 1 capital is the deduction of core tier 1 capital, which mainly covers paid-in capital or common stock, capital reserve, surplus reserve, general risk reserve, undistributed profit, minority shareholders’ capital, etc. Core Tier 1 capital has the strongest ability to absorb losses, which is an important indicator of the bank’s risk compensation ability and an important foundation for the bank’s operation and development. The list selects the core Tier 1 net as the ranking basis, and adds data such as asset size, net profit, cost-income ratio and non-performing loan ratio as reference, which has full theoretical and practical significance. In this fight against the epidemic, sufficient capital has provided a solid foundation for banking financial institutions to support epidemic prevention and control and help economic development.

This list strives to achieve the following three goals:First, the data is authoritative and fair.By giving play to the role of industry self-regulatory organizations, it provides information and data reference for the market. The data mainly comes from the consolidated report data at the end of the previous year in the public annual reports of banks.Second, the index design is objective and professional.The design of the index system not only conforms to international norms and facilitates international exchanges and comparisons, but also fully combines the national conditions of China and presents it in RMB, which can intuitively reflect the actual situation of local banks.Third, it covers a wide range.All Chinese-funded commercial banks are included in the same list, regardless of the traditional classification such as state-owned banks, national joint-stock banks, city commercial banks and rural commercial banks. The 100 banks on the list account for 96.87% of the total assets of commercial banks and create 96.08% of the net profit of commercial banks.

At the end of 2018, the net core Tier 1 capital of listed banks totaled 13,823,894 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 10.94%, an increase of 0.54% compared with 2017. In 2019, the top 100 commercial banks included 6 large state-owned banks, 11 national joint-stock commercial banks, 63 city commercial banks, 19 rural commercial banks and 1 private bank.

Among the top 10 banks with net core tier 1 capital, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Construction Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank and Bank of Communications continue to occupy the top five, China Merchants Bank and Industrial Bank rank sixth and seventh respectively, and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, China Postal Savings Bank and China Minsheng Bank rank eighth and tenth. Among the top 20 banks with net core tier 1 capital, Bank of Beijing, Bank of Shanghai and Bank of Jiangsu are the top three city commercial banks, ranking 15th, 17th and 18th respectively, and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank, as the number one rural commercial bank, ranks among the top 20 for the first time.

In terms of the ranking of core Tier 1 net capital, Gansu Bank rose 19 places, Weihai Commercial Bank rose 18 places, Jiangxi Bank rose 15 places, Taizhou Bank and Guangxi Beibu Gulf Bank rose 13 places, Guangzhou Bank, Changsha Bank and Hubei Bank rose 12 places, Jiujiang Bank rose 10 places, and Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank, Qingdao Rural Commercial Bank and Nanhai Rural Commercial Bank all rose 9 places. It is worth mentioning that three city commercial banks, Liuzhou Bank, Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank and Zhuhai China Resources Bank, and two rural commercial banks, Changshu Rural Commercial Bank and Zijin Rural Commercial Bank, were all shortlisted for the first time. Shenzhen Qianhai Weizhong Bank, as one of the earliest private banks, took the lead in entering the top 100 list, ranking 99th.

Judging from the growth rate of core tier 1 net capital, large banks such as China Agricultural Bank, China Construction Bank and China Postal Savings Bank all achieved double-digit growth, accounting for 18.21%, 11.71% and 10.48% respectively. The net growth rate of core Tier 1 capital of joint-stock banks Guangfa Bank and Huaxia Bank exceeded 30%, accounting for 39.93% and 33.15% respectively. The growth rates of Guangzhou Bank and Gansu Bank, city commercial banks, exceeded 50%, accounting for 59.46% and 50.96% respectively. The net growth rate of core Tier 1 capital of rural commercial banks Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank, Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank, Nanhai Rural Commercial Bank and Qingdao Rural Commercial Bank also exceeded 20%.

The internal capital replenishment of listed banks still faces some pressure. By the end of 2018, 100 listed banks had achieved a total net profit of 1,758.416 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.05% and a decrease of 1.23 percentage points compared with 2017. The total assets of listed banks were 197.04 trillion yuan, up 5.12% year-on-year, down 2.28 percentage points from 2017. Although the growth rate of assets of commercial banks has slowed down in recent two years, the growth rate of net profit of commercial banks is still lower than that of total assets, which means that the ability of banks to supplement core capital through profit retention is limited, which intensifies the pressure of capital replenishment of commercial banks. Since 2019, due to the complicated economic environment, market environment and regulatory environment, the capital replenishment situation of commercial banks in China still faces many challenges. Commercial banks should enrich the capital replenishment toolbox, improve the efficiency of capital use, promote the light transformation of business development, and achieve high-quality development.

The 12th Congress of Tianjin, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was grandly opened in Tianjin Auditorium on the morning of June 16th. Young people from all walks of life in Tianjin watched the live broadcast of the conference, and quickly started learning, discussing and talking about their experiences in combination with their own work, telling the story of Tianjin, giving out the voice of Tianjin and demonstrating the strength of Tianjin.

In the construction of Tianjin city, there is such a "new Tianjin force". They come from all directions, gather in Tianjin, are active in various emerging fields of society, live for their dreams and work for their love. They are network writers or screenwriters, self-media practitioners, freelance musicians or photographers, street dance youths, network anchors, express delivery boys, and network car drivers … They have made important contributions to the urban development of Tianjin and are an important part of Tianjin youth in the new era. Below, let’s listen to the learning experience and heartfelt wishes of "New Tianjin Power"!

Hongqiao District SF Express Youth Sun Yang

I am a "courier brother" and a "good life guardian" of this city. The report on the work of the 12th Party Congress put forward requirements for young people, which inspired and encouraged me deeply. As a young man in an emerging field, I will strengthen my ideals and beliefs, cherish my youth, base myself on my post, do my best to do logistics express services such as sending and delivering parts, temper my will with "wind and sun", spread the warmth of the city with "walking around the streets", run out of the youth style with "rain or shine", and strive to be a good young man in the new era with ideals, courage, hardship and willingness to struggle!

Jinnan district good neighbor society work service center Li Yakun

The journey is long, only struggle; The heavy responsibility lies on the shoulders, and we seize the day. As a member of a youth social organization, there are pioneers of reform in front of us, and young people who are full of ambitions beside us. We are born at the right time and shoulder the heavy responsibility. In the future, we will continue to seize the opportunity of the times, always stand at the forefront of the times, base ourselves on our posts, contribute to the construction of a modern metropolis, and be the first in youth, and greet the party’s twentieth victory with a more high-spirited attitude.

National youth expert candidate, Hao Manlin, co-founder and chief operating officer of Tianjin Suntech Pharmaceutical Yuan Technology Co., Ltd.

This year is the 12th year for me to start a business in Tianjin. There are sweat, tears and gains along the way. Youth is our label and identity, which means that we are a new force in the great cause. Regardless of the geographical affiliation, regardless of the position, regardless of success or failure, we should not forget the initial intention of starting a business. As a "new Tianjin person", we should thank the municipal party committee and municipal government for their determination and policies to introduce talents, and help us integrate into and contribute to Tianjin. In Tianjin’s good business environment and fertile ground for scientific and technological innovation and development, our younger generation should strive for the upper reaches and lead enterprises to flourish and move forward steadily.

EZ Hip Hop Dance Chain Organization Zhang Zhiying

In recent years, Tianjin has attracted many young people to work and live. I think it is not only the openness and tolerance of the city that attracts young people, but also the infinite potential of the city’s future development. Being in Tianjin, I deeply felt the remarkable development and changes of the city and the cultural heritage of the city. "The struggling nation and country are the most promising, the struggling political party is always in an invincible position, and the struggling city is the most attractive!" As a young man in the new era, I will seriously study the report of the Party Congress, unswervingly listen to and follow the Party, integrate the "ego" into the "ego" of the motherland and the nation, integrate my personal struggle into the tide of urban development, and contribute my youth to building a socialist modern metropolis!

Pang Hanqing, secretary of the Youth League Working Committee of Tianjin Catering Association and young employee of Grand Rice Noodles

As a league cadre of the League Working Committee of Tianjin Catering Association and a young employee of Gelanghe Rice Noodle, I will be based on this post, constantly unite, educate and lead the young members of the catering industry to stick to the red line of food safety and the quality of food safety, and with a high sense of responsibility and mission, be pragmatic, stick to my initial heart and concentrate on promoting development. At the same time, I will thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the party congress in my work, help the high-quality development of the food industry, and greet the party’s 20 th victory with excellent results!

Tianjin Haoyang Huanyu Technology Co., Ltd. (Palm Tianjin) Copywriter Yu Qin

The 12th Party Congress of Tianjin was successfully held, which comprehensively summarized the struggle course of the past five years and carefully planned the grand blueprint for Tianjin in the next five years. As a young man who has been in Tianjin for 8 years from Xinjiang, I am very excited after listening to the report! In the future, I will implement the spirit of the conference with practical actions, give full play to the advantages of new media, actively transmit positive energy, focus on the theme of the times, focus on the achievements of economic and social development, contribute to telling the story of Tianjin and creating a clear cyberspace, and greet the convening of the party’s 20 th victory with excellent results!

Tian Tian, network anchor of Yuwu town live broadcast base

In recent years, the COVID-19 epidemic has ravaged the world, and the network anchor industry has risen rapidly in line with the tide of the times. We silently stick to the post of anchor and constantly create high-quality works through the network platform. We should firmly remember the purpose of serving the people, do our job well with all our heart and dedication, dare to take responsibility, strive for progress on the new journey with practical actions, and greet the convening of the party’s 20 th National Congress with excellent results.

T3 Travel New Media Operation Areyi Boratibek

I am a new media worker in a travel company. I use pictures and texts and frame-by-frame videos to convey the concept of happy travel and protect people’s livelihood. The review of the work in the past five years in the report on the work of the 12th Party Congress also made me deeply realize that Tianjin’s development has stood at a new historical starting point, and we should hold our heads high and forge ahead. At the same time, the party congress put forward requirements for young people, which strengthened my determination to contribute my meager strength to creating a new situation in a modern metropolis. I will base myself on my post, spread more positive energy information, convey warmth, pass all the way, and strive to be a good youth in the new era.

Liu Pan, a sanitation worker at Meiyuan Road in Huayuan Ring of Tianjin Haitai Municipal Greening Co., Ltd.

After listening to the report of the 12th Party Congress in Tianjin, I was very excited, deeply felt the honor and pride, responsibility and responsibility, and strengthened the confidence of those people from other places who came to Tianjin to take root and build Tianjin. As a young sanitation worker, I will stick to my post silently, make achievements in ordinary posts, and build beautiful Tianjin with hardworking hands.

Tianjin Youth Network Writer Liu Jingsong

In the past five years, all walks of life have been based on their own posts, being upright and innovative, and making unremitting efforts to contribute to the high-quality development of Tianjin. Contemporary youth should be dream catchers and fresh troops, so that having ideals, daring to take responsibility, being able to endure hardships and being willing to struggle become their own youth labels. As a young writer, I want to link my personal creation with this great era, convey the spirit of the party with my own pen, write the wonderful times and sing the praises of the people.

The gold medal winner of the 7th China International "internet plus" University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition and the 8th "Creating Youth" China Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, Li Shuangyang, a 2020-level doctoral student of the School of Chemical Engineering of Tianjin University.

The 12th Party Congress of the city proposed to build "a metropolis with high-quality development, high-level reform and opening-up, high-efficiency governance and high-quality life". This points out the direction for the future development of our enterprise, and also means that Tianjin will have more development opportunities in the future. In recent years, Tianjin has launched a series of activities to support and attract young people to innovate and start businesses. As a doctoral student and an entrepreneur, in the future, I will not only continue to deepen the front line of scientific research, but also devote myself to making scientific research achievements "go out" of the laboratory, so that more people can benefit from scientific research achievements and contribute to the new situation of building a socialist modern metropolis in an all-round way.

Jinyun: https://www.app2020.tjyun.com/CMS _ sys/CMS _ template/000/000/093/index.shtml? appId=1b8b3255-58d4-4ba7-b0f7-9d136547eb38&jsonUrl=https://static20.app2020.tjyun.com/jyapp/cms_mob/v200/cms_news/000/000/052/798/ 000000052798423_596188ef.json&resourcesUrl=https://static20.app2020.tjyun.com/jyappv300/cms_mob/v200/cms_oth/chan.json&jy_uid=-1460102563&newsId=052798423

(Editor Liu Xiaoyan Chen Ke)

　　For some time, the price of gold has continued to strengthen. At the end of June, the price of the New York Mercantile Exchange gold futures hit a new high since May 2013, with the highest quotation reaching $1,433.3 per ounce, which is still being adjusted at a high level recently. Because the financial attribute of gold is much higher than the commodity attribute, the trend of gold price has a strong correlation with the world political and economic situation.

　　The current round of gold price rise began in the second half of 2018. In the same period, the world economy began to slow down after a strong synchronous recovery lasting for more than a year, and trade and investment activities were significantly weakened. In the World Economic Outlook Report released in January and April this year, the International Monetary Fund lowered the global economic growth rate twice this year. The latest World Trade Outlook Index released by the World Trade Organization on May 20th also fell to the lowest level in recent years.

　　The sustained rise in the price of gold can be understood from two aspects.

　　First of all, the strength of the dollar no longer makes the price of gold get significant support. In the face of increasing economic downside risks, the voices of various economies calling for monetary easing have revived. The European Central Bank claims that it is considering more stimulus measures, which may further reduce interest rates from the current low point. Australia, Russia, India and other countries have begun to relax monetary policy. The growth momentum of the US economy has weakened recently, and the latest inflation, manufacturing PMI and other indicators are less than expected. At the congressional hearing on the 10th of this month, the chairman of the Federal Reserve said that he would take necessary actions to maintain the sustained growth of the US economy, consolidating the previous expectation of a US dollar interest rate cut. Last month, the trend of the strong dollar in the previous two years reversed, and the dollar index fell by 1.65% in June, which significantly supported the prices of precious metals including gold.

　　Secondly, the increased awareness of risk aversion in various countries has made gold popular again. Factors such as the "US priority" policy and the "Brexit" tug-of-war in Britain have led to increased market uncertainty; Conflicts in many hot spots continue, and the international environment is complex and changeable. In this context, a large number of safe-haven funds have flooded into the gold market, and central banks are also increasing the allocation of gold. According to the report of the World Gold Council, in 2018, the global central bank added 651 tons of official gold reserves, up 74% year-on-year, which was the highest net purchase of the global central bank since the decoupling of the US dollar from gold in 1971. In the first quarter of this year, the global central bank’s gold reserves continued to grow, with 145.5 tons of new purchases, the highest level in six years.

　　At present, the international political and economic risks have not dissipated, and safe-haven demand and loose monetary policy will continue to support the high price of gold. However, it is difficult to reproduce the situation of continuous soaring in the past. On the one hand, countries all over the world have generally recognized the need to jointly cope with and resolve risks. The Osaka Declaration adopted at the just-concluded G20 Summit shows that all parties are committed to achieving a free, fair, non-discriminatory, transparent, predictable and stable trade and investment environment and injecting confidence into the world economy. On the other hand, the choice of safe-haven financial instruments and asset portfolios is increasing, especially with the maturity of technology and the improvement of market recognition, digital assets are sought after, and gold is no longer the only choice.

　　(Zhang Xiaoyu, Research Fellow, Institute of International Market Research, Ministry of Commerce)