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Chongqing Qiuer Restaurant is famous for its chicken soup. Many friends who love chicken soup like their "stewed chicken soup" and "stewed chicken soup with cuttlefish". I don’t know if you have noticed, but the chicken soup in Qiuer Restaurant is different from other chicken soups in Chongqing, and it is even more different from all kinds of chicken dishes which are famous for their popularity and heavy taste. Yes, the chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion is now in the southwest. However, tracing back to the source, this bowl of chicken soup, which has won many times as a "famous snack" in Chongqing, is actually delicious from the north, with royal blood flowing on its body.

The story begins more than a hundred years ago.

Mikuriya chuan craft

At present, the signboard of Qiuer Pavilion reads "1949 Secret Chicken Soup" in black and white, but the secret history of this bowl of chicken soup is even earlier.

During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Li Laosan, a native of Baxian County, Chongqing, was a good cook. In his early years, he was elected as a chef in the imperial dining room of Beijing Palace, and the dishes he made were all kinds of dishes, which was deeply appreciated by Emperor Guangxu. In particular, the chicken soup stewed by the "Imperial Copper Furnace Stewing Chicken Method" was more popular with Emperor Guangxu.

After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest in Yingtai. Li Laosan lost his main client and could only work as a cook in the ordinary kitchen in the palace, with no future. When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi fled the capital with Emperor Guangxu and a group of ministers, not to mention those other people in the palace. Li Laosan was forced to leave the palace and make a living by himself. However, he has no relatives and friends in Beijing, and he has no business capital. He can’t display his good cooking skills, so he has to live in a small restaurant run by Han people in the south of the city to help him do odd jobs and make ends meet.

One day, a military attache named Hande said came to the small restaurant. This man, whose ancestral home is Yidu, Hubei Province, was admitted to the Governor’s Office as a bodyguard when Zhang Zhidong was governor of Huguang. Because of his loyalty and outstanding martial arts, he won Zhang’s trust and was employed for a long time. Zhang Zhidong was promoted to minister of military affairs and took office in Beijing. Hande said that he would accompany him.

Hand said that he happened to eat in this small restaurant that day and chatted with Li Laosan. He lamented that he had a good cooking skill, so why not open his own shop? Knowing Li Laosan’s difficulties, Hande recommended it to Zhang Zhidong to make Li Laosan a full-time chef in the Military Minister’s Office. Li Laosan re-displayed the craftsmanship in the Qing Palace, and Zhang Zhidong ate three meals a day and kept it in the government with a high salary.

Shortly after Zhang Zhidong’s death, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and Emperor Xuantong abdicated. The former military minister’s office was dissolved, and the guard Hande said that both Li Laosan and the chef were repatriated to their original places. Hande said that he would return to Hubei to continue to be a soldier in the new army, while Li Laosan returned to his hometown of Ba County. When leaving, in order to thank Hande for his help, Li Laosan passed on the secret of "Stewing Chicken in Imperial Copper Furnace" in Qing Palace. The bronze stove that was brought out of the palace and engraved with the words "Guangxu Imperial Chef" was also presented. Li Laosan later died of illness in his hometown of Ba County.

Dajiangkai restaurant

Hande called Ben a samurai and served in the army for a long time. At first, he didn’t have the idea of opening a restaurant. It’s just that he also likes cooking and moves around with the army. As long as the environment is stable and his family is reunited, he always cleans up the imperial copper stove and cooks a chicken to comfort himself and his family.

Twenty years later, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, and Hande said that he had participated in the front-line anti-Japanese war with the army and had experienced the test of bullets and was promoted to major general brigade commander. Later, the 10th National Army he served suffered heavy casualties and was scattered in Henan. Hande said that he retired to Chongqing with the commander of the army. The 10th Army is a local miscellaneous army, which has always been excluded by the Huangpu clique. After the army broke up, it was quickly revoked by the Military Commission, and the commander was transferred to other posts, while the rest of the officers were discharged. Hande, who lost his military post, said he had to find a job for himself. He used his savings for many years to open a small restaurant named "Qiu San Guan" in the Xinsheng Market in Chongqing (now the location of Jie Fangbei Meimei Times Department Store).

Many people don’t understand the name of this restaurant and ask about its origin. Hande said that he laughed at himself: "I was born as a soldier, and I was a soldier." Now that I am not a soldier, there are three left after Qiu Ba retired, so I am called Qiu San. "

The main recipes of Qiusan Pavilion are stewed chicken soup and noodle soup. He displayed the bronze stove of "Guangxu Imperial Chef" presented by Li Laosan in the store, and the gold plaque of "Qing Palace Imperial Chef" hung in the main hall was particularly eye-catching. At the beginning of his business, he personally took charge, from material selection to stew. In the production, he applied the secrets taught by Li Laosan to practice and strived for perfection.

Hande said that strict rules should be followed. One is strict selection of materials, and domestic chickens with a growth period of not less than 9 months must be used. Secondly, it is carefully processed. Killing the chicken can’t choke blood, and depilation can’t hurt the skin. First, soak the chicken in cold water to remove fishy smell, gradually heat it, remove the blood bubbles, and then rinse it. The third is to ensure the original flavor, stew 10-15 chickens in a large pot, add Li Laosan’s secret ingredient, and never add water halfway. Fourth, the heat is strict. Boil it with a big fire, and then simmer it slowly with a small fire (in the past, alcohol was used as fuel and put it in a copper furnace to control the firepower), which usually takes four hours. The fifth is rationing, which is sold in the morning at night and in the afternoon at morning. In order to ensure the quality, each chicken is only sold in 4 portions, with two legs and two wings and a chest. The sixth is to pay attention to the beauty of food, with large celadon bowls, soup filled with 80%, plump and fresh, high quality and mellow taste.

According to the records, the store is listed in the store every day, and it is clearly stated: "Today, there are 40 stewed chicken soup, each of which is priced at one yuan and fifty cents; 80 portions of stewed chicken noodles, each priced at 50 cents; 80 portions of sea cucumber chicken soup noodles, 35 cents each, while stock lasts. " No matter how good the business is, it will not increase the supply. Such a price was high at that time, but diners rushed to buy it, and even dignitaries sent servants to the store to serve soup. Usually it will be sold out in less than an hour in the morning and afternoon, and many people come here and leave disappointed.

After just four years of opening, Hande said that he earned a lot of money. On the eve of liberation, he transferred the store to his disciple and buddy and went back to his hometown in Yidu, Hubei Province to recuperate.

Minister for dinner.

Hande said that he had accepted six disciples and taught the secrets to disciples Wang Zhankui, Li Xudong, Zhao Shaowu and others. Since then, Li Xudong passed Luo Zhifang; Luo Zhifang also passed on Kang Changrong and Gong Zhiping.

Starting from Li Xudong, the Qiusan Pavilion was split, and the Qiuer Pavilion continued to this day.

It turns out that Hande said that after leaving Chongqing, his inheritors Wang Zhankui, Li Xudong, Zhao Shaowu and others disagreed and broke up. Wang Zhankui, the eldest disciple, became the boss of Qiusan Pavilion, while Li Xudong, Zhao Shaowu and others also set up their own stalls and shops, and opened a shop on Qingnian Road, which was named Qiuer Pavilion. Chongqing is commonly known as "Qiuer", which not only shows that its founders were originally wage earners, but also implies that its inheritance is related to Qiuer Pavilion.

△ Ren Baige

In 1952, Qiuer Pavilion was moved to Wuyi Road for operation, facing the Qing Theater (later changed to Wuyi Cinema). At that time, Ren Baige, then the propaganda minister of Chongqing Municipal Committee, was very concerned about sorting out and modifying the traditional repertoire of Sichuan Opera. In his spare time, he often went to the "Chongqing Theater" to watch plays, and after reading it, he also held a live meeting to make comments and suggestions. When Bai Ge returned from a business trip, he went to the theatre without eating dinner. During the intermission, he went to the "Qiu Er Guan" to buy a bowl of noodles, saying that there was soup and noodles to solve his hunger and thirst.

Once renamed and closed down.

In 1956, it was a public-private partnership, and the Qiuer Pavilion was gradually nationalized. In 1972, Qiusan Pavilion was removed due to the adjustment of commercial outlets and merged into Qiuer Pavilion, and its main store was moved to Heping Road.

During the Cultural Revolution, the name of "Qiuer Pavilion" was once renamed as "brand-new food shop", but it was only restored in 1979, and the variety increased, including shredded chicken, spicy chicken pieces, chicken soup wonton soup, etc., and the business became more prosperous. At that time, Qiuer Pavilion had become the most well-known time-honored store, but during 1994-1998, the Wuyi Road area was built and Qiuer Pavilion was built. In 1999, it reopened in Xiaomi City and was also included in the state-owned enterprises. In the six years after 2005, 8 stores were opened in various districts of Chongqing.

In 1958, 1964, 1980 and 1984, Qiuer Restaurant Stewed Chicken Soup was rated as "Special Flavor", "Famous Snack" and "Famous Snack" in Chongqing for four times. In 2001, it was rated as a famous restaurant in Chongqing. In September, 2000, it won the title of "Chinese Famous Snack", and in 2009, the secret stewed chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion was officially listed in Chongqing’s "Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List".

Persistence and innovation　

From the imperial delicacies of Emperor Guangxu, to the delicacies of ordinary people, from the "royal copper furnace chicken stew method" to the secret chicken stew soup, this bowl of chicken soup has passed through the temples and rivers and lakes for a hundred years. Nowadays, the citizens who eat the chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion will be amazed. A bowl of chicken soup that looks very clear can eat a strong fragrance. As a municipal intangible cultural heritage, the stewed chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion does have a secret. Now, the person who inherits this secret is Gong Zhiping, the fourth generation successor and chef of Qiuer Pavilion.

Gong Zhiping, a national first-class cook (the highest technical level in the Chinese food industry), was awarded the Golden Chef Award by the China Cuisine Association in June 2014 for his contribution to the protection of the intangible cultural heritage of the chicken stew in Qiuer Restaurant.

What contribution did Gong Zhiping make?

Before cooking chicken stew, it was hung in a copper stove. He boldly put forward innovation. In order to solve the problem that copper will decompose some harmful substances when it meets high temperature, he changed the copper furnace into a casserole, and the secret process took more than 4 hours.

More importantly, after consulting with the great chefs and adding his own experience in Sichuan cuisine for more than 30 years, Gong Zhiping boldly changed the original stewed chicken into a cock-hen stew, which enhanced the fragrance of the cock and the freshness of the hen. His bold and unique approach has made the chicken soup boiled out highly recognized by fellow masters.

As a generation of catering master, Gong Zhiping said that there is no trick to stew chicken soup. The key is to stew it with your heart. For example, in the selection of materials, chickens that are a few months old will definitely not work, and chickens that are at least one year old will not be added with any food additives. Even salt is not advocated. Therefore, there is always a bottle of seasoning salt on the dining table of Qiuer Pavilion. Customers who need it can put it themselves. "With additives, chicken soup can become very white in two minutes, while the chicken soup in Qiuer Pavilion is clear and oily, but it tastes mellow and sticky." Gong Zhiping said that few restaurants are willing to simmer chicken soup for more than 4 hours.

At the same time, in order to make the chicken taste more delicious, he said, the chicken soup in Qiuer Restaurant is first boiled with a big fire, after removing the blood bubbles, then simmered with a small fire, and then the whole chicken is removed and simmered separately, so that the chicken tastes soft and won’t get old.

"If you keep stewing with a big fire, the chicken will taste very old; In order to save time, some restaurants fish up the chicken and pat it to make it soft. " Gong Zhiping said,If there is a secret to chicken stew, then the greatest secret is heart..

Information sources: chongqing morning post, Chongqing Political Consultative Conference Daily, Dayu.com, Baidu Encyclopedia, Public Comment Network, Baijiahao "Donglian Xiaole", etc.

　　CCTV News:On January 21, the Russian President’s website announced that Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an order on the same day to appoint a new member of the Russian government. According to the announcement, according to the new cabinet structure approved by Russian President Vladimir Putin a few days ago, nine deputy prime ministers were appointed this time, including the first deputy prime minister, the deputy prime minister and the plenipotentiary representative of the president of the Russian Far East Federal District. Andrei Belousov, former assistant to the President on economic issues, was appointed as the first deputy prime minister of the government. Dmitry Grigorenko, Yuri Trutnev, Victoria Abramchenko, Yuri borisov, tatyana Golikova, Alexei Overthuk, marat Husnurin and Dmitry Chernyshenko were appointed as Deputy Prime Ministers.

　　On the same day, the Russian President’s website also announced the appointment of the heads of various government departments. Among the 21 department heads appointed this time, shoigu, Minister of Defense, Lavrov, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Siluanov, who have received much attention from the outside world, remain in office.

　　In the evening, Putin held a meeting with members of the new Russian government. Putin said that the primary task of the new government is to improve the living and welfare level of Russian residents and consolidate and improve the international status of the Russian government. After the meeting, Russian Prime Minister Mishustin presided over the first working meeting of the government. (Headquarters reporter Wang Bin Gu Xin)

For most consumers, it is not wrong to basically consider some models with good sales when buying a car. Often, models with good sales are bound to sell well. If you want to consider a joint venture medium-sized car, the sales of Volkswagen, Volkswagen, Toyota Honda and other models are good in the current sales list. Among them, Honda Accord sold more than 13,000 vehicles in October, which is enough to show that consumers’ recognition of the Accord is still very high.

At present, the latest version of the Accord on sale is 2025 models. In line with the principle of buying new ones instead of buying old ones, we directly look at 25 Honda Accords. Under the condition that the guide price is 179,800-238,800 yuan, according to our understanding at the store, 25 Honda Accords have a comprehensive discount of 50,000 yuan at present. After the discount, the bare car price is 129,800 yuan, which is obviously still very good.

In terms of design, the 25 Honda Accord models incorporate the family-style features of the brand, and also add many modern and youthful elements. The front face of the 25 Honda Accord adopts hexagonal air intake grille and long and narrow headlight group, and with a flat front, it looks fashionable and sporty as a whole. The side of the car body has elegant and slender body lines, slip-back roof lines and blackened aluminum alloy wheels, which also make it look more sporty. As for the rear part, the taillights on both sides of the 25 Honda Accord are connected by black decorative strips, creating a penetrating sense of sight, and the brand Logo is embedded in the middle, which also has high recognition.

The interior design of 25 Honda Accords is concise and capable, and the car also retains Honda’s consistent style, and the layout of function buttons is reasonable. The 25 Honda Accord cars also use a 10.2-inch full LCD instrument panel and a 12.3-inch central control panel. This time, the 25 Honda Accords also support two mainstream mobile phone interconnection functions, CarPlay and CarLife. The Honda CONNECT 4.0 intelligent guidance interconnection system is also built into the car, which supports many localized apps, so it can also guarantee the overall car experience when it is actually used.

With regard to safety, 25 Honda Accords come standard with 10 airbags. At the same time, Honda SENSING 360+ can be seen in the flagship version, which not only supports 360 panoramic images, but also has functions such as automatic lane change assistance and ramp automatic exit (entry), which can better meet the needs of users in intelligent driving. As for the space, the wheelbase of 25 Honda Accords is 2830mm. According to my height of 178cm, there are four fingers left in the head after the position is adjusted in the front row. When I came to the back row, I still had more than two fists in my legs and four fingers in my head. The sense of space was good.

In the power part, all 25 Honda Accord models adopt the power combination of 1.5T+CVT, which is also very mature, with the maximum power of 192 HP and the peak torque of 260 Nm. The book parameters are also beautiful, and the CVT gearbox can also provide a smooth shift experience during daily driving, and also ensure the efficient transmission of power. At the beginning, the 25 Honda Accord has a fast acceleration response and a stable power output, which can meet the needs of drivers whether commuting in cities or driving at high speed. At the same time, this power combination also takes into account the energy consumption performance. Its CLTC comprehensive fuel consumption is as low as 6.6L/100km, the actual fuel consumption per 100 km is about 7.5L, and it still drinks 92 # gasoline, which also greatly reduces the car cost.

The 25 Honda Accords are still the combination of the former McPherson independent suspension and the rear multi-link independent suspension that we are familiar with. The power adjustment of the 25 Honda Accords pays more attention to comfort, which can better absorb the fine vibration from the road and reduce the sense of bumps. On some complicated roads, such as national roads with bumpy roads, passengers in 25 Honda Accord cars can also enjoy better comfort performance. In addition, the 25 Honda Accords are also equipped with a variable steering ratio system, which can automatically adjust the steering sensitivity according to the change of vehicle speed. When driving at high speed, the steering is heavier and the driving is more stable. When driving in the city, the steering is more flexible and it is more convenient for drivers to shuttle in the city.

Blue comments:

As a medium-sized car, Honda Accord has a good market performance in the global market so far, and the number of users in China alone has reached 3 million. Since entering the domestic market, the car still has a good market performance even today, which also shows to a great extent how high the user’s recognition of this car is. Indeed, judging from our experience today, the 25 Honda Accords are well-balanced in all aspects, and combined with their comprehensive preferential policies, they are still very competitive in the current joint venture medium-sized automobile market.

Original Lao Hou unpacking the car I want to share

The performance is undoubtedly one of the most important active safety features, and its function is to slow down according to the driver’s will until it stops. According to different functions, it can be divided into driving, parking and auxiliary (emergency); according to different structural types, it can be divided into drum and disc types; according to different media, it can be divided into hydraulic and pneumatic types. Generally, hydraulic disc type is used in small, while pneumatic drum type is generally used in medium and large and passenger cars. We can’t simply use good or bad to evaluate them. Although hydraulic disc type has fast response and good heat dissipation, its force is not as large as that of pneumatic drum type, so air pressure is still used more on heavy loads or passenger cars.

The three parameters for evaluating the pros and cons of a car are:, the constancy of, and the directional stability of time. For ordinary people, it is generally used to measure the performance. But for medium and large or passenger cars, the constancy and the directional stability of time are also very important indicators. The most common unqualified items encountered by many cars during annual inspections are unevenness, which actually refers to the imbalance of forces on both sides, and the phenomenon of deviation will occur at time. The whole process is as follows, which can be divided into six stages: driver reaction time, mechanism reaction time, force growth time, device action time, duration, and release time.

The current "Motor Vehicle Safety Technical Inspection Items and Methods" is the national mandatory standard GB21861-2014 that was implemented in 2015. Among them, there are very clear inspection items and inspection standards for the performance of motor vehicles. The inspection items are divided into no-load and parking. For models with more than three axles, the loading is also inspected. The reaction time, constancy, and blocking force are not tested. The inspection instrument is generally a drum-type or skateboard-type force detector. The inspection standards are: single-axis force and not less than 60% of the axle load, the whole vehicle force and not less than 60%, the parking force shall not be less than 20%, the left and right force imbalance of one axis (steering shaft) shall not exceed 20%, and the left and right force imbalance of two axes and three axes (driving and load-bearing axes) shall not exceed 24%. Here are some examples to illustrate the meaning of these parameters.

1. Axle load: also called axle load, which is the load on the axle, which can be understood as the weight borne on the axle. Add the axle load of all axles together. For example, the axle load of one axle is 2829kg, and the axle load of two axles is 6244kg, then the axle load of this car is 2829 + 6244 = 9073kg.

2. Force and force sum: The force here refers to the maximum force generated by each process, and this maximum force is not necessarily generated at the same time. The ratio of the maximum force of the left and right on each axle to the axle load is the axle force sum, and the ratio of all the maximum forces together is the total force sum. They must meet relevant standards. Force sum is also called rate.

For example, in a certain car, the revolver force of one axle is 1017kgf, the right wheel force of one axle is 960kgf, the two-axle revolver force is 1698kgf, and the right wheel force of two axles is 1604kgf. Calculate the force and:

The force sum of one axis: (1017 + 960)/2829 = 69% > 60%, qualified;

The force sum of the two axes: (1698 + 1604)/6244 = 53% < 60%, unqualified;

Total vehicle power: (1017 + 960 + 1698 + 1604)/(2829 + 6244) = 58%, unqualified.

Because the car’s two-axis force and the whole vehicle force are unqualified, the car’s force is determined to be unqualified. It can be seen from the test data that its unqualified force is mainly caused by the small force of the two axles, so we need to focus on repairing the pipeline and device of the two axles. First check whether there are leaks in the pipeline of the two axles. If there are any leaks, we need to deal with them in time. Then check whether the pressure leading to the two axles is normal. If the pressure is obviously too low, it may be a fault or the air pressure of the two-axis air reservoir is insufficient, which should be dealt with separately. If the pipeline fault is dealt with and the force is still too small, the disassembler needs to be disassembled. Generally speaking, it is caused by the wear of the basin and the friction area between the two. It needs to be replaced and the basin is

3. Parking force and parking force sum: Parking force refers to the force generated by pulling up the hand, and parking force sum refers to the sum of the maximum parking force of the left and right wheels. According to relevant standards, the parking force sum shall not be less than 20%.

For example, for a car, the left rear wheel parking force is 1110kgf, the right rear wheel parking force is 949kgf, which is 11514kg, then the parking force of the car is:

(1110 + 949)/11514 = 18% < 20%, unqualified.

The current medium and large and passenger cars generally use the strong pump as a parking, and the parking force is also generated by the two rear wheels. Therefore, the unqualified parking force is generally caused by the unqualified force of the two rear wheels. Generally, the vehicle devices of the two rear wheels need to be overhauled. In addition, the internal fracture of the strong pump, the failure of the hand switch, and the failure of the hand relay valve will also cause the strong pump to fail to fully eject, resulting in too little force. In this case, the relevant pipelines and valves need to be overhauled. Some models use central parking. If the force fails, it is generally caused by the poor contact surface with the basin and needs to be disassembled and repaired.

4. Unbalance rate: The so-called force imbalance rate is also called the left and right force imbalance, which refers to the maximum value of the left and right wheel force difference during the force growth process, and the ratio of the maximum force of the left and right wheels of the shaft measured during the whole process. Generally, it is required that the left and right force imbalance of one axis (steering shaft) shall not exceed 20%, and the left and right force imbalance of two axes and three axes (driving and load-bearing axes) shall not exceed 24%.

For example, the revolver force of one axle of a car is 1312kgf, the right wheel force of one axle is 858kgf, the two axle revolver force is 2360kgf, and the right wheel force of two axles is 2505kgf. Calculations show that the unbalance rate of one axle of the car is 35.6%, which is unqualified; the unbalance rate of two axles is 17.3%, which is qualified.

It is important to note that the maximum force difference does not occur when the maximum force appears at the same time, but occurs during the process of force rise, so its calculation is not simple addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, but is automatically calculated by the detection equipment.

The main reason for the imbalance of the left and right forces is that the difference between the left and right forces is too large or the reaction time is not synchronized. For example, if one side of the device is new and the other side is old, the forces of the two may be very different, and the imbalance rate will be unqualified. There is also a difference in the performance of the left and right pump, resulting in a large difference in the reaction time. In addition, the rust of the shoe shaft can also lead to an imbalance of the left and right forces.

In addition, for multi-axle, it is also necessary to detect its loading rate and unbalance rate. Its detection method is to apply a load to the detected axle to simulate the force under actual driving conditions. It can more accurately detect the force and better fit the actual driving state. Generally, only semi-trailers or four-axle bicycles are detected, and only the second and third bridges are detected. The specific parameters are that the loading rate of the second bridge is greater than 50%, and the unbalance rate is less than 10%; the loading rate of the third bridge is greater than 50%, and the unbalance rate is less than 30%. The reasons for its failure are similar to the above, all due to insufficient force.

Overall, it is very difficult to pass the force test of medium and large or passenger cars at one time. This is mainly because many times, the test line is a quantitative test, and the specific force of each one will be tested, and then whether it is qualified according to the relevant standards is determined. When we drive the vehicle ourselves, it is more of a perceptual cognition. Many times we feel that the performance is good, but as soon as we get on the test line, it fails. Some people do four-wheel maintenance before the inspection, and replace the basin with a new one, but it still fails. This is mainly because the newly replaced basin has burrs on the surface, and the contact surface is not good at first. It takes some time to achieve the best results (more than 75% of the contact surface).

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