分类： cc

On the [Autohome Liupanshui Discount Promotion Channel], we bring you an eye-catching promotion information: it is being launched in the Liupanshui area with an explosive price war, providing consumers with unprecedented car buying opportunities. At present, this luxury coupe model is in the process of promotion, and you can enjoy up to 20,000 car purchase subsidy, making the already powerful Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe more attractive. The minimum starting price has been adjusted to 823,800, which is undoubtedly a car purchase opportunity not to be missed. To seize this real offer, just click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form, let us explore your exclusive preferential policies together, and make the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe your car of choice.

The Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe leads the new trend of luxury SUVs with its elegant and dynamic exterior design. On the front face, it adopts the iconic star grille of the Mercedes-Benz family, and with sharp LED headlights, it shows the perfect fusion of power and technology. The body lines are smooth and sculptural, emphasizing the low roof and side profile of the coupe style, giving a sporty atmosphere ready to go. In terms of overall style, the GLE coupe not only retains the practicality and space of the SUV, but also integrates the aesthetic elements of the sports car, which is the perfect embodiment of luxury and performance.

The elegant streamlined profile of the Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe is demonstrated by its refined side design. The body size is 4941mm x 2018mm x 1716mm, and the wheelbase is up to 2935mm, ensuring a spacious interior and excellent dynamic performance. The tire size is 275/50 R20, and it is paired with a unique wheel rim design, which not only enhances the visual tension of the vehicle, but also provides excellent grip and driving stability. The side lines are smooth and powerful, and every detail highlights its perfect combination of luxury and sports.

The interior design of the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe is elegant and technological. The steering wheel is made of luxurious leather and provides manual and electric up and down front and rear adjustment functions to ensure driver comfort and ease of operation. The 12.3-inch central control screen shows Mercedes-Benz’s emphasis on infotainment systems. It integrates functions such as multimedia systems, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, and supports automatic speech recognition control to bring intelligent experience to the driver.

In terms of seats, both the imitation leather material and the seat function reflect high quality and practicality. The main driver’s seat has 4-way adjustment, including front and rear, backrest, height and waist support, to meet the driver’s needs for long-term driving. The passenger seat also has a variety of adjustment functions, and the front seat is also equipped with heating and ventilation functions to ensure a comfortable ride. In addition, the driver’s seat is also equipped with a power seat memory function, which adds convenience and personalization.

The interior design of the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe also includes Type-C interfaces. There are 3 in the front row and 2 in the back row, which is convenient for passengers to connect electronic devices for charging or data transmission. The wireless charging function of the mobile phone is located in the front row, which further enhances the driving pleasure and practicality. In short, the interior design of the Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe focuses on both luxury and functionality, creating a comfortable and high-tech in-car environment for passengers.

The Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 190 kilowatts and a corresponding maximum torque of 400 Nm. This powerful engine can output 258 horsepower. Matched with a 9-speed automatic transmission, it provides a smooth driving experience and excellent performance.

In this promotion of the Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe, we have already brought our customers a very attractive price offer. Whether you are a driver who pursues luxury and performance, or a car buyer with strict requirements for cost performance, this price reduction opens the door to a quality driving experience. Please seize this rare opportunity to drive the Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe home and enjoy the dignity and passion it brings. Hurry up and make the excellent Mercedes-Benz quality a part of your life, let us start your luxury driving journey together.

Today, Porsche’s new generation of Panamera models held an Asian launch ceremony in Shanghai, and the first batch of Panamera 4S and Panamera Turbo models will be launched in China, starting at 1.698 million yuan and 2.198 million yuan.

The newly launched Panamera is the second generation of the Panamera family. The overall design style is similar to that of the 911 sports car, like the four-door version of the 911, which is more flexible than the old model.

In terms of size, the new Panamera has a length of 5049mm (an increase of 34mm), a width of 1937mm (an increase of 6mm), a height of 1423mm (an increase of 5mm), and a wheelbase of 2950mm (an increase of 30mm).

In the rear part of the car, the new Panamera still adopts a slippery back shape. In terms of exhaust pipe style, the Panamera 4S uses a round tailpipe, while the Panamera Turbo is a trapezoidal design. As for the wheel size, the Panamera 4S comes standard with 19-inch wheels, and the Panamera Turbo is 20 inches, and 21-inch wheels are available as an option.

In terms of interior design, the overall center console layout of the new Panamera is not much different from that of the old model. It is still the standard T-shaped shape of the Porsche family, but in many areas, it uses touch panels to replace the original dense tradition, and the sense of technology has been significantly improved.

The Porsche Communication Management (PCM) in the center of the center console has a 12.3-inch screen and supports multi-touch and handwriting input. On the previous Panamera 4S and Turbo models, the 710W sound power Bose audio appeared as standard, and the Burmerter Berlin Sound audio system with a power of 1455 watts is optional.

In the Chinese market, the new Panamera is also equipped with Porsche Connect Plus, which includes Apple CarPlay and Porsche Connect functions, and integrates an LTE phone module with a SIM card reader, as well as Wi-Fi hotspots, real-time traffic conditions, and more.

In terms of power, the new Panamera is available in 4S and Turbo models. The Panamera 4S is equipped with a 2.9T V6 engine with a maximum power of 440 horsepower (324 kW) and a maximum torque of 550 Nm. The Panamera Turbo is equipped with a 4.0T V8 engine with a maximum power of 550 horsepower (404 kW) and a maximum torque of 770 Nm. Both models are equipped with an OurHours four-wheel drive system and an 8-speed PDK Porsche dual-clutch transmission.

　　Green travel begins with a single step. As society’s understanding of the "dual carbon" goal gradually increases, it has become a trend to seek a green and low-carbon way of travel. Among them, hybrid vehicles with more efficient power and lower carbon emissions have become the first choice for most people. Because hybrid models not only have better fuel economy, quietness and smoothness than fuel vehicles, but also have convenience and battery life that pure electric vehicles cannot match.

　　When it comes to the field of hybrids, it must be the Toyota brand that cannot be avoided. I believe everyone has heard the saying: "There are two kinds of hybrids in the world, one is Toyota, and the other is the other", which is undoubtedly the highest evaluation of Toyota hybrids. And this is the truth. Toyota launched the "G21" project in 1993 to study hybrid power. In 1997, the world’s first mass-produced HEV system "THS" took off, and the "Prius" model was born. So far, nearly 30 years of experience in hybrid technology research and development have already made Toyota a global leader in hybrid technology. Among them, Toyota’s core hybrid technology, PSD (Power Split Device), has undergone many technical iterations during its long development. Now the newly launched Toyota models are equipped with Toyota’s new generation of hybrid technology THS II. For example, the FAW Toyota RAV4 Rongfang Dual Engine 2022 is equipped with Toyota’s world-leading hybrid system, which can provide users with a low-carbon and environmentally friendly travel experience with efficient power performance.

　　First of all, the hybrid system of FAW Toyota RAV4 Rongfang Dual Engine is composed of TNGA 2.5L DYNAMIC FORCE engine and front and rear dual motors. Among them, the TNGA 2.5L DYNAMIC FORCE engine has achieved a world-class 41% thermal efficiency through laser cladding valve seat technology, D-4S high-pressure direct injection, low-pressure manifold injection hybrid injection system, VVT-iE intelligent electric variable valve timing intake system and other technologies. It also has a maximum power of 131 kW, which can be described as achieving an excellent balance between fuel economy and power strength. And to match the engine is the E-CVT gearbox, which uses a miniaturized, lightweight new structure motor, as well as an improved deceleration structure parallel shaft gear, enabling it to present excellent high-efficiency, low-loss performance.

　　In terms of drive motors, the front drive motor power of the FAW Toyota RAV4 Rongfang dual-engine model is 88 kilowatts, and the maximum power of the rear axle independent drive motor is as high as 40 kilowatts. When working with the engine to drive the vehicle, the maximum output power of the dual-engine system can be as high as 163 kilowatts. While achieving abundant power, it can also achieve a comprehensive fuel consumption of 4.7L for 100 kilometers. Adding 1 tank of fuel can drive continuously for 1000 kilometers, which is rarely matched in the same class of cars.

　　At the same time, the THS II has undergone many years of iterative optimization, which not only meets the needs of low fuel consumption, but also realizes the excellence of driving texture. For example, in the starting and low-speed driving stages, the power system will mainly rely on the motor to drive, which can bring a smooth, light and quiet driving experience. When acceleration is required, the motor can also make up for the low twist of the engine well, and quickly reach the power speed range. Coupled with the delicate switching of planetary gears, it has both power and smoothness, providing users with a travel experience beyond the past.

　　Of course, the smooth and efficient green travel experience is just one of the killer points of FAW Toyota’s RAV4 leading the urban SUV market. As the pioneer of urban SUVs, its all-round model strength of off-road and urban is also an important reason why it has entered millions of families around the world. 30 years ago, SUVs were still a symbol of off-road and hardcore, with a single application scenario that could not meet the travel needs of most users. But with the official mass production of Toyota’s first-generation RAV4 in 1994, the interpretation of RAV4 "Recreational Active Vehiclewith 4-wheel drive (four-wheel drive recreational sports vehicle) " and the off-road and urban model concept really made people discover the value of SUV models.

　　With the birth of the fifth-generation new RAV4 Rongfang, the RAV4 Rongfang family model leapfrogs to a higher level, using the same TNGA-K platform as flagship models such as Asian Dragon and Lexus ES. At the height of the K platform, the product power of RAV4 Rongfang has been comprehensively improved, and it has been further strengthened in product quality, driving texture, technology configuration and other aspects, bringing consumers a different urban SUV experience. Inheriting the genetic advantages of the TNGA-K platform, the RAV4 Rongfang dual engine 2022 also has product value beyond the same level.

　　Today, the RAV4 is coming with the 2022 "more than yourself", and it is a step further on excellence. The dual-engine model not only has a richer choice of body colors, but also has an improvement in practical configuration.

　　First of all, in order to meet users’ pursuit of individuality and aesthetics, the FAW Toyota RAV4 Rongfang Dual Engine 2022 model has expanded the range of options for two-color bodies, and provides users with up to 7 monochromes (Moyuan Black, Platinum White, Platinum Bronze Metallic, Titanium Gray, Paris Red, Interstellar Blue, Milan Khaki) to choose from. Among them, Interstellar Blue is a new color scheme. In addition, there are 3 kinds of dual-color (Platinum White/Moyuan Black, Titanium Gray/Moyuan Black, Milan Khaki/Titanium Gray) to make the car life more colorful.

　　In terms of configuration, the upgrade of RAV4 Rongfang Dual Engine 2022 is also very sincere. For example, the new car is upgraded to an automatic folding external rearview mirror on the basis of the original electric folding external rearview mirror of the old model, and a parking radar system is added to some models. The improved configuration can provide more convenience for daily travel. In addition, the new car also adds a kick sensing function on the basis of the original electric tailgate configuration, which highlights the sense of technology and allows more users to experience the charm of technological configuration.

　　What’s more worth mentioning is that the FAW Toyota RAV4 Rongfang also provides users who desire hybrid technology with a richer choice. In addition to the dual-engine (HEV hybrid) model mentioned above, FAW Toyota also provides users with the RAV4 Rongfang dual-engine E + (PHEV plug-in hybrid) model. Its drive motor increases by 50% on the basis of the 88 kW dual-engine power to 134 kW, and then mixes the 132 kW drive of the TNGA 2.5L DYNAMIC FORCE engine with the 40 kW drive of the rear axle independent drive motor. The 0-100km/h acceleration takes only 7.4 seconds, which is enough to bring users a power experience beyond the same level.

　　In addition, thanks to the large-capacity lithium-ion battery and the inherent advantages of THS II hybrid technology of small, lightweight and high efficiency, the RAV4 Rongfang Dual Engine E + can achieve a pure electric cruising range of 95 kilometers, which is enough to meet the daily commuting needs of most users for 1-2 days. If the home has convenient charging conditions, the daily urban transportation can be completed by a more efficient and comfortable pure electric drive mode, and enjoy pure electric driving.

　　Under the 100-year revolution of the electrification of the automobile industry, hybrid technology has become the focus of attention. But when most people talk about hybrid technology, they mostly only emphasize efficient fuel performance. But in fact, Toyota’s hybrid leadership not only realizes the era requirements of low fuel consumption and low carbon emissions, but also satisfies users’ pursuit of driving texture and driving pleasure, and can bring users a comprehensive travel experience beyond traditional fuel models. It is precisely because of this that it has created the reputation of "there are two kinds of hybrid in the world, one is Toyota, and the other is other".

An ideal car tailor-made for modern families, it is about to open for pre-sale at the end of September, attracting enthusiastic attention from the market. This model is designed with minimalist futurism, fusing fashion and practicality to bring a new experience to family travel.

Its unique Aurora green body color shines brightly in the sun, not only highlighting the owner’s taste and personality, but also visually creating a high-end and comfortable atmosphere. The car is spacious, with a flexible layout of five and seven seats, which can be easily handled whether it is daily commuting or family outings. The seven-seat model is thoughtfully designed with reclining second and third rows of seats, which instantly transforms into a comfortable resting space, making the journey more comfortable.

Blue Electric E5 PLUS has also made great efforts in comfort. The front soufflé seats are designed with multiple layers of comfort and stacking, providing drivers and passengers with a cloud-like enjoyment.The five-seat model has ample legroom in the second row, and the seats can be adjusted at multiple angles to ensure that every passenger can find the most comfortable sitting position.

As the pre-sale approaches, the Blue Electric E5 PLUS is attracting the attention of more and more families with its excellent performance, unique design and considerate configuration. This model will undoubtedly become an ideal partner for future family travel, bringing convenience, comfort and high-quality travel experience to more families.

Guo Fucheng poster

1905 movie network news "Before Daybreak," a gangster romance starring Guo Fucheng and Yang Zishan, will be released on June 9. The film has attracted many stars to join the film. In addition to "gangster professionals" An Zhijie and Gao Jie, the powerful actress Hao Lei plays Guo Fucheng’s hair-bearing wife Yuqing in the film, and interprets the love story with Guo Fucheng in the "first half of life". At present, Hao Lei has been interviewed to talk about her feelings of working with Guo Fucheng again, saying that this time she plays a very, very gentle woman, and this character "will tolerate Guo Fucheng like a mother."

　

"Before Dawn" Hao Lei poster

Working with Guo Fucheng for the second time: His character is like a child

In the film, Guo Fucheng’s "desperate gambler" Takano has a falling family, from a billionaire to a "rotten wild" who owes huge gambling debts, but Hao Lei never leaves his side. In the film, Yuqing comments on Takano: "Maybe everyone thinks he is a jerk, but I still fall in love with him, I can see his weakness and kindness," Hao Lei explains. "In Yuqing’s eyes, Takano is a child who is not very mature and has not grown up, so Yuqing will always tolerate Takano like a mother, just like her children, because a mother will always tolerate her children."

　

"Before Dawn" is not the first collaboration between Hao Lei and Guo Fucheng. Once in China, the two had a fierce collision and a rival play. When talking about the difference between the two experiences, Hao Lei said: "Today’s Guo Fucheng, his acting is more mature and heavy, and his acting has changed more than before. This is what I especially like.

　

"Before Dawn" Yang Zishan poster

Scorpio has a lot of affection for Yang Zishan: she is particularly spiritual

In the film, Hao Lei and Yang Zishan also have a number of opposite scenes. One is a hairy wife, the other is a prostitute, but they are both closely linked to the fate of "desperate gambler" Guo Fucheng. Hao Lei said: "Zishan is a young actress I have always liked very much. I think she has a special aura and has a very special and personal temperament in her bones. I think as a good actor, you need to have this quality. The main reason why I like her is that we are all big Scorpio."

　

Hao Lei, who has a daughter in the film, has had any new feelings about playing the role of a mother since giving birth to twin sons. "I don’t think you have to have this kind of experience in life to play such a character," she said. "As a professional actor, you need to capture a lot of inspiration from life and then amplify it to create. Of course, the understanding of children is different from before, but in this play, Yuqing completed a small part of the role of a mother, and most of them are still very virtuous and kind. Always believe in the role of her husband."

　

Finally, when talking about the biggest attraction of the gangster romance "Before Dawn", Hao Lei said, "I think the whole script of this movie is very good. It tells a very profound truth through a simple story. How to build trust between people. I like this very much, because trust is crucial in today’s society."

Wang Xueqi’s stills – the lowly "ninth-grade eunuch"

Wang Xueqi stills – Jianghu Supreme "Wheel King"

　　On September 28, the "five-star commercial martial arts film" landed in major theaters across the country, and this much-anticipated hardcover masterpiece finally met with fans across the country. Produced by Woo Yusen, directed by Su Zhaobin, and joined by many powerful movie stars such as Wang Xueqi, Yang Qiqiong, Zheng Yusheng, Big S, Yu Wenle, Dai Liren, etc., the ultra-luxurious production team has created a wonderful story of rivers and lakes.

　　In "Sword Rain", Wang Xueqi, the powerful movie star who plays the anti-number one "Wheel King", has created too many memorable big-screen roles, from Shisanyan to Li Yutang in "October Siege". However, it is the first time to play a villain and challenge a difficult play, which can be said to be one of the biggest highlights of the whole film. The identity of "Wheel King" is quite complicated. On the one hand, it is the dark and strange "gang boss" who leads the martial arts, and on the other hand, it is the "ninth-grade eunuch" who has a low status in the deep palace. In the film, Wang Xueqi treats the voice of the voice, and most of the time he uses a very unique gloomy voice to interpret the character. He said that he came up with this treatment of the voice, because the real identity of the character is a eunuch, and he hates his own voice. At the same time, as a leader of the rivers and lakes, the tone of the eunuch is obviously inappropriate. It seems that in order to play the role well, Wang Xueqi really put in a lot of effort, and even the small details are very careful. The film’s producer, John Woo, once said that Wang Xueqi not only has good acting skills, but also has a lot of ideas and innovations, and he can put forward many constructive ideas.

　　In the film, the "Wheel King" led a group of apprentices with stunts to run amok in the rivers and lakes, which was terrifying. Later, there was even internal strife within the "Blackstone" and they fought each other. However, what was the truth buried behind all this, and what was the purpose of the "Wheel King" training a magical skill to break into the rivers and lakes? "Sword Rain" has revealed its mysterious veil, the most bizarre and intricate plot, the most heart-wrenching love, and the most unexpected ending, you will all see it once in "Sword Rain"!
　

Zhao Youting

Ke Jiayan

Screen lovers reunite

　　　 On October 12, Zhao Youting (Mark) and Ke Jiayan, a screen couple, renewed their relationship and attended a well-known ring brand event in Japan. Ke Jiayan appeared in an elegant beige dress, and Zhao Youting was also dressed in a white suit. It was just that when the two of them who starred in "Mengka" with Ruan Jingtian (Xiao Tian) learned that Xiao Tian was shortlisted, Zhao Youting generously called to congratulate, and Ke Jiayan said with a smile: "I wish him well in my heart at the moment!"　

　　　 Ke Jiayan didn’t know that Mark would show up beforehand, and when Zhao Youting came out with the diamond ring, Ke Jiayan’s face was really surprised. For an old friend he hadn’t seen for a long time, Ke Jiayan directly called out, "It’s very unreal, it feels like it’s still in the movie’Monga ‘!" It’s just that both of them also performed in "Monga" with Ruan Jingtian, but only Ruan Jingtian was nominated for the cast part. Zhao Youting also emphasized that "It’s really good to be disappointed, and I’m very happy that Xiaotian is shortlisted!" Ke Jiayan said that as long as he is shortlisted, he is sure, "Of course it’s best to win the award"!

　　　 However, after learning that Ruan Jingtian was shortlisted for Best Actor for the first time, Zhao Youting said that he called Xiao Tian as soon as possible, "the details are just as Xiao Tian said before." But looking at Ke Jiayan, she smiled and said: "I didn’t call him, but I am very happy for him in my heart!" Zhao Youting, who is currently busy with the movie version of "Ruffian Hero", is also actively doing weight training for the movie, but when asked for more details of the movie, he only revealed: "It is very certain that **** [Chen Yihan] and I will star, and there are still many things that are uncertain, but I think the director will be able to make it clear to everyone soon."

　　Before the National Day holiday, the charging head network has conducted a series of tests on the charging performance of iPhone 8 plus, including the compatibility of various USB PD chargers and the full charging monitoring of Apple’s original 29W. Through the test, we found that when charging with Apple’s 29W charger, the speed is indeed much higher than that of the previous generation, especially in the 1 hour before charging, the power growth rate will be significantly different.

　　However, due to the high price of Apple’s original accessories, many small partners generally turn their attention to the CDQ02ZM charger produced by Xiaomi. After all, in the previous test, this USB PD charger also showed good compatibility with iPhone 8 plus, and the price of 99 yuan is also very conscientious. So, today, I will also test the actual charging speed of Xiaomi 45W USB PD charger, as well as the temperature change of the mobile phone during the charging process.

　　Let’s first understand the parameters and performance of the charger. This USB PD charger was launched around April this year. It is one of the earlier and more classic USB PD chargers, and its price is close to the people, which makes it popular. As a USB PD charger, Xiaomi CDQ02ZM has an output capacity of 45W, and the voltage covers five voltage output gears of 5V, 9V, 12V, 15V, and 20V. It has a wide range of performance.

　　When using the Xiaomi 45W USB PD charger to charge the iPhone 8 plus, the tool used is still POWER-Z KM001 and the corresponding computer software.

　　The voltage and current curve this time is different from the last Apple 29W. The charging process of Xiaomi 45W charger to iPhone 8 plus can be roughly divided into three stages. In the early stage of charging, handshake the USB PD protocol and output at 9V for about 65min; then the voltage is reduced to 5V output, and continue to charge at 5V/1A for about 10min; finally, as the power of the mobile phone increases, the charging current gradually decreases until the end of charging.

　　Before the phone was turned on, it was charged with 5V/1A trickle for about 2 minutes, and the charging power was only one-third of Apple’s 29W during the same period. After the phone was turned on, the charging power reached 15W, and the peak power could reach 20W. For the later constant voltage charging process, the test also lasted for a full hour.

　　The curve of the battery percentage of the mobile phone is basically consistent with the test results of Apple’s 29W charger. Charge to 46% in 30min; when charging for 65min, the battery is about 79%. After that, the USB PD protocol ends and enters the 5V charging mode; the battery is about 93% in 90min; it takes about 2 hours and 20 minutes to fully charge the phone.

　　Compared with the Apple 29W, although this test uses a completely different charger, the overall charging time of the mobile phone is not much different under the premise of the USB PD protocol, and the charging speed will vary in some specific time periods; the remaining power of the mobile phone is one of the determinants of charging power.

　　The whole test process is carried out in an environment at room temperature of 28 ° C. The above are the initial charging, charging 30min, charging 45min, and charging 60min are the thermal imaging images of the back cover of the mobile phone. Compared with the Apple 29W charger, when using the Xiaomi 45W charger, the heat generation of the iPhone 8 plus is slightly lower, which is related to the output voltage of the two chargers.

　　In the above test items, Xiaomi 45W USB PD charger has shown good performance. Compared with the last Apple original 29W test results, Xiaomi’s charger is too good. And in the ranks of the few big-name USB PD chargers on the market, Xiaomi’s price is quite eye-catching. So, if you are a iPhone 8 plus user, what will you choose?

Original Lao Hou unpacking the car I want to share

The performance is undoubtedly one of the most important active safety features, and its function is to slow down according to the driver’s will until it stops. According to different functions, it can be divided into driving, parking and auxiliary (emergency); according to different structural types, it can be divided into drum and disc types; according to different media, it can be divided into hydraulic and pneumatic types. Generally, hydraulic disc type is used in small, while pneumatic drum type is generally used in medium and large and passenger cars. We can’t simply use good or bad to evaluate them. Although hydraulic disc type has fast response and good heat dissipation, its force is not as large as that of pneumatic drum type, so air pressure is still used more on heavy loads or passenger cars.

The three parameters for evaluating the pros and cons of a car are:, the constancy of, and the directional stability of time. For ordinary people, it is generally used to measure the performance. But for medium and large or passenger cars, the constancy and the directional stability of time are also very important indicators. The most common unqualified items encountered by many cars during annual inspections are unevenness, which actually refers to the imbalance of forces on both sides, and the phenomenon of deviation will occur at time. The whole process is as follows, which can be divided into six stages: driver reaction time, mechanism reaction time, force growth time, device action time, duration, and release time.

The current "Motor Vehicle Safety Technical Inspection Items and Methods" is the national mandatory standard GB21861-2014 that was implemented in 2015. Among them, there are very clear inspection items and inspection standards for the performance of motor vehicles. The inspection items are divided into no-load and parking. For models with more than three axles, the loading is also inspected. The reaction time, constancy, and blocking force are not tested. The inspection instrument is generally a drum-type or skateboard-type force detector. The inspection standards are: single-axis force and not less than 60% of the axle load, the whole vehicle force and not less than 60%, the parking force shall not be less than 20%, the left and right force imbalance of one axis (steering shaft) shall not exceed 20%, and the left and right force imbalance of two axes and three axes (driving and load-bearing axes) shall not exceed 24%. Here are some examples to illustrate the meaning of these parameters.

1. Axle load: also called axle load, which is the load on the axle, which can be understood as the weight borne on the axle. Add the axle load of all axles together. For example, the axle load of one axle is 2829kg, and the axle load of two axles is 6244kg, then the axle load of this car is 2829 + 6244 = 9073kg.

2. Force and force sum: The force here refers to the maximum force generated by each process, and this maximum force is not necessarily generated at the same time. The ratio of the maximum force of the left and right on each axle to the axle load is the axle force sum, and the ratio of all the maximum forces together is the total force sum. They must meet relevant standards. Force sum is also called rate.

For example, in a certain car, the revolver force of one axle is 1017kgf, the right wheel force of one axle is 960kgf, the two-axle revolver force is 1698kgf, and the right wheel force of two axles is 1604kgf. Calculate the force and:

The force sum of one axis: (1017 + 960)/2829 = 69% > 60%, qualified;

The force sum of the two axes: (1698 + 1604)/6244 = 53% < 60%, unqualified;

Total vehicle power: (1017 + 960 + 1698 + 1604)/(2829 + 6244) = 58%, unqualified.

Because the car’s two-axis force and the whole vehicle force are unqualified, the car’s force is determined to be unqualified. It can be seen from the test data that its unqualified force is mainly caused by the small force of the two axles, so we need to focus on repairing the pipeline and device of the two axles. First check whether there are leaks in the pipeline of the two axles. If there are any leaks, we need to deal with them in time. Then check whether the pressure leading to the two axles is normal. If the pressure is obviously too low, it may be a fault or the air pressure of the two-axis air reservoir is insufficient, which should be dealt with separately. If the pipeline fault is dealt with and the force is still too small, the disassembler needs to be disassembled. Generally speaking, it is caused by the wear of the basin and the friction area between the two. It needs to be replaced and the basin is

3. Parking force and parking force sum: Parking force refers to the force generated by pulling up the hand, and parking force sum refers to the sum of the maximum parking force of the left and right wheels. According to relevant standards, the parking force sum shall not be less than 20%.

For example, for a car, the left rear wheel parking force is 1110kgf, the right rear wheel parking force is 949kgf, which is 11514kg, then the parking force of the car is:

(1110 + 949)/11514 = 18% < 20%, unqualified.

The current medium and large and passenger cars generally use the strong pump as a parking, and the parking force is also generated by the two rear wheels. Therefore, the unqualified parking force is generally caused by the unqualified force of the two rear wheels. Generally, the vehicle devices of the two rear wheels need to be overhauled. In addition, the internal fracture of the strong pump, the failure of the hand switch, and the failure of the hand relay valve will also cause the strong pump to fail to fully eject, resulting in too little force. In this case, the relevant pipelines and valves need to be overhauled. Some models use central parking. If the force fails, it is generally caused by the poor contact surface with the basin and needs to be disassembled and repaired.

4. Unbalance rate: The so-called force imbalance rate is also called the left and right force imbalance, which refers to the maximum value of the left and right wheel force difference during the force growth process, and the ratio of the maximum force of the left and right wheels of the shaft measured during the whole process. Generally, it is required that the left and right force imbalance of one axis (steering shaft) shall not exceed 20%, and the left and right force imbalance of two axes and three axes (driving and load-bearing axes) shall not exceed 24%.

For example, the revolver force of one axle of a car is 1312kgf, the right wheel force of one axle is 858kgf, the two axle revolver force is 2360kgf, and the right wheel force of two axles is 2505kgf. Calculations show that the unbalance rate of one axle of the car is 35.6%, which is unqualified; the unbalance rate of two axles is 17.3%, which is qualified.

It is important to note that the maximum force difference does not occur when the maximum force appears at the same time, but occurs during the process of force rise, so its calculation is not simple addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, but is automatically calculated by the detection equipment.

The main reason for the imbalance of the left and right forces is that the difference between the left and right forces is too large or the reaction time is not synchronized. For example, if one side of the device is new and the other side is old, the forces of the two may be very different, and the imbalance rate will be unqualified. There is also a difference in the performance of the left and right pump, resulting in a large difference in the reaction time. In addition, the rust of the shoe shaft can also lead to an imbalance of the left and right forces.

In addition, for multi-axle, it is also necessary to detect its loading rate and unbalance rate. Its detection method is to apply a load to the detected axle to simulate the force under actual driving conditions. It can more accurately detect the force and better fit the actual driving state. Generally, only semi-trailers or four-axle bicycles are detected, and only the second and third bridges are detected. The specific parameters are that the loading rate of the second bridge is greater than 50%, and the unbalance rate is less than 10%; the loading rate of the third bridge is greater than 50%, and the unbalance rate is less than 30%. The reasons for its failure are similar to the above, all due to insufficient force.

Overall, it is very difficult to pass the force test of medium and large or passenger cars at one time. This is mainly because many times, the test line is a quantitative test, and the specific force of each one will be tested, and then whether it is qualified according to the relevant standards is determined. When we drive the vehicle ourselves, it is more of a perceptual cognition. Many times we feel that the performance is good, but as soon as we get on the test line, it fails. Some people do four-wheel maintenance before the inspection, and replace the basin with a new one, but it still fails. This is mainly because the newly replaced basin has burrs on the surface, and the contact surface is not good at first. It takes some time to achieve the best results (more than 75% of the contact surface).

This article is original by the author of Yidian and may not be reproduced without authorization

Collection Report Complaint

No. Provided by the author