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　　The TV series "Hurricane" was a hit, and it brought fire to "The Art of War". The sales of "The Art of War" increased sharply and even sold out. Gao Qiqiang, the villain in the play, praised "The Art of War", which made netizens seem curious about the strategy of "The Art of War". In fact, "The Art of War" is based on Tao, and cares more about moral care and human spirit. It is difficult for people who do not read "The Art of War" to understand the essence of the book. As long as they can distinguish the difference between "The Art of War" and "Thirty-six Strategies", they can be regarded as understanding the book.

　　According to Sima Qian’s "Historical Records", Sun Tzu lived in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was an era of great change in Chinese history. The most significant feature in politics was the decline of the Zhou royal family and the struggle for hegemony between the princes, which in Confucian terms was "the collapse of rites and the collapse of music" and "the Spring and Autumn Unjust War." According to incomplete statistics, in the 100 years from the first year of King Qing of Zhou (618 BC) to the first year of King Jing of Zhou (519 BC) alone, there were more than 160 recorded wars. For the sake of their own survival, development and competition for hegemony, countries competed to recruit military talents and encouraged the establishment of new military theories, which provided a broad stage for the appearance of soldiers and military letters.

　　▲ Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period. (Image source: Tan Qixiang: "Atlas of Chinese History")

　　Sun Tzu, a famous Wu, was a native of Qi State in the late Spring and Autumn Period. His birth and death years were difficult to determine, and he was in the same era or slightly later than Confucius. Qi State was the fief of Jiang Ziya, the founder of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and according to legend, military strategy books such as "Six Tao" and "Conspiracy" were related to him. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were also famous officials who assisted Duke Huan Qi to achieve hegemony and left a very rich military legacy. Qi State jumped to become the political, economic and cultural center of the world at that time, and became a place where heroes gathered. Such a social environment also provided theoretical support for Sun Tzu’s military research, enabling him to become a learned military talent in his youth. After that, Sun Tzu and Wu Zixu jointly assisted King Wu ********* Cha and his son to defeat Chu, Yue and other countries and become the hegemon of the south. Wu Zixu was forced to commit suicide because he failed to persuade his husband, but the deeds of his grandson are not found in historical records. Later generations speculated that he may have been like Fan Li and retired to the mountains and forests when he became famous.

　　To study Sun Tzu’s Art of War, one must first understand two concepts: one is "Tao"; the other is "Instrument". These two concepts are defined in the Book of Changes as follows: "The metaphysical one is called the Tao, and the metaphysical one is called the Instrument." Since the upper part of the visible is "Tao", then the "Instrument" of "the metaphysical one is called the Instrument" refers to specific things, and can also be expressed directly with "Shu". "Shu" is the specific application method of rational cognition. The relationship between "Tao" and "Instrument" is: "The Tao is in the Instrument, and the Tao controls the Instrument." This is the fundamental way of thinking in Chinese philosophy. " Tao "There are various sayings in Chinese philosophy, which are briefly summarized as the causality and regularity inherent in nature, society, and human beings, which are compared to the moral ontology and the realm of people’s transcendental understanding.In Chinese culture, it has always been believed that "Tao" is "the essence", "Shu" is "the end"; "Tao" is "the body", and "Shu" is "use". "Shu" is inseparable from "Tao", and there is no purely independent "Shu".

　　▲ Portrait of Sun Wu. (Image source: CCTV)

　　Today, many people read "The Art of War" and pay attention to the art of strategy, which vulgarizes "The Art of War". This is putting the cart before the horse, and it is also the biggest misunderstanding.In the Book of Changes, it is said that "great virtue carries things", which is worthy of our deep consideration. An entrepreneur and politician who has no self-morality constraints and no national, national, and social responsibilities will inevitably go astray. The traditional Chinese cultural way of thinking and moral cultivation are closely related, such as "inner sage and outer king" and "holy wisdom", which are consistent with the "middle mean" advocating the concept that morality and wisdom go hand in hand. This is also the so-called "great virtue must have great wisdom". In the art of war, Sun Tzu places great emphasis on humanistic spirit and moral care. This issue cannot be discussed only in the "Art of War" of Sun Tzu, and there should be a comparison and contrast. Therefore, the author compares "On War" written by German military strategist Clausewitz with "The Art of War" of Sun Tzu.

　　The book "Theory of War" is a classic document in modern Western military works. The first point of view of "Theory of War" is that "war is the continuation of politics". This political concept can be enlarged to include economic, geographical and other factors. For example, if there is no oil in the Persian Gulf region, Western powers will not be so interested because they want to control strategic locations and strategic resources, so there are two Gulf wars. It can be said that this view is an accurate description of the essence of war.

　　So, is there such an idea in "Sun Tzu’s Art of War"? "Sun Tzu’s Art of War" says from the beginning: "Soldiers are the major events of the country, the place of life and death, and the way of survival. It is impossible to ignore." "Soldiers" refers to war. War is the most important thing for a country. Since it affects the life and death of the people and the survival of the country, every ruler cannot fail to observe, analyze, and study it carefully. It can be said that Sun Tzu 2,500 years ago has realized that war is not an independent phenomenon, but the most important thing for a country. Therefore, Sun Tzu said that the issue of war must be treated with caution, which is the idea of "careful warfare". Because war is extremely destructive and very cruel, once it fails, it often has to bear a heavy price.Sun Tzu cautioned rulers to be cautious about war, because "a subjugated country cannot survive, and the dead cannot be resurrected."

　　The Theory of War.

　　The second point of "On War" is that "the fundamental purpose of war is the complete annihilation of the enemy." But Sun Tzu does not believe that war is the first choice to solve the problem. Sun Tzu said: "If you go up to the army, you will attack the enemy, and then you will attack the army, and then you will attack the city. The method of siege is a last resort."In Sun Tzu’s opinion, the best military action is to use strategies to thwart the enemy’s war behavior; the second is to establish alliances and defeat the enemy by diplomatic means; the second is to defeat the enemy by force; the last resort is to attack the enemy’s city. Siege is a last resort, there is no way.Because in his opinion, the soldiers who attacked the city like ants, with one-third of the casualties, could not succeed, which was a major disaster. Therefore, Sun Tzu proposed that winning a hundred battles is not the most brilliant; the one who can subdue all the enemies without fighting is the most brilliant. Sun Tzu is not simply talking about "the method of planning an attack", but admonishing people that "those who do not know the harm of using soldiers cannot know the benefits of using them." Sun Tzu advocated "total victory" and "wisdom victory" because he saw the cruelty of war, so he put forward the idea of "careful combat".We can appreciate the love and respect for life contained in the book "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu.

　　Sun Tzu’s thinking is not isolated. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism and Mohism were called "scholars" and were the most influential schools of thought at that time. Mohism had an article called "Non-Attack". Mohism hated war so much that it specifically used such articles to oppose war. Mencius criticized war for delaying agricultural time, destroying production, mutilating innocents, and plundering people into slavery. The reasons why Confucianism and Mohism oppose war are the same. Lao Tzu said that "those who are happy to kill people should not be able to aspire to the world", which means that those who enjoy killing people cannot win the world. War brings great disasters to society and the people, so Lao Tzu said: "Those who are soldiers are ominous weapons, things or evil things, so those who have the Tao are not good." Lao Tzu’s opposition to war is self-evident.

　　The author believes that the concept of paying attention to and respecting life in Chinese military science is not unrelated to the emphasis on humanities and morality in Chinese cultural traditions.Let’s first understand the meaning of the concept of "China". During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the word "China" was once used to refer to "Huaxia". What is Huaxia? "There is great etiquette, so it is called Xia; there is the beauty of clothing, which is called Hua." Clothing is not only a simple tool used to cover shame, but also represents a culture. The "etiquette" here does not just refer to the concept of politeness, but is regarded as a system. People of every class are responsible in their respective positions and cannot do whatever they want. In daily life, "etiquette" should also be said. Since ancient times, China has had etiquette for drinking, playing, and walking, so we have the reputation of "the state of etiquette". Huaxia is a cultural concept, and "China" is regarded as a representative of "advanced" culture and civilization.

　　▲ "The Art of War" book cover. (Wang Shouchang, photo courtesy)

　　In the Song Dynasty, Liao attacked the Central Plains. Shi Jie, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty, expressed the following views in "On China": When you were still living in caves, China had buildings; when you were still wearing fur, China had clothes; when you had no writing, China had written history. If you come to study, I will teach you; if you don’t come to study, we will be safe and not disturb each other.

　　In the Song Dynasty, China was one of the most powerful countries in the world at that time. In 1988, I discussed a question with a Jewish scholar in the United States. I asked him if he knew anything about ancient China, and he said he didn’t. I asked him if he knew anything about the history of Jews coming to China during World War II. He said he knew that during World War II, some Jews were persecuted by fascism and came from Vladivostok, the Soviet Union, to Shanghai, China, where they were accepted and entertained by the Chinese. He also said that one year during the Spring Festival, overseas Jews formed a Thanksgiving Group to visit China, reflecting on the living experience of their parents, and expressing their gratitude to the Chinese government and people. In fact, what he didn’t know was that Jews had come to China long before the Song Dynasty, so it can be seen that China was an open country at that time.

　　A large number of documentary records show that the Central Plains region has contacts with surrounding ethnic groups and has always been a good-neighborly and friendly relationship. Although culture, economy and military are ahead of each other, they have not taken hegemonic acts such as aggression and plunder.There is an American film called "Dances with Wolves", which tells the history of European immigration to the American continent to carve out territory and massacre large numbers of indigenous people, which is in sharp contrast.Therefore, for thousands of years, China’s Central Plains and its surrounding ethnic groups have been in the process of continuous integration. The expansion of China’s territory does not rely on war and force, but on cultural identity and common belonging.

　　In the Book of Changes, there is a saying that "the three talents of heaven and earth are precious". Xunzi said that people are the most precious in the world because they have qi, life, knowledge, and righteousness. The Art of War of Sun Tzu was produced under the cultural background of great respect for "people".When Sun Tzu discusses war, he always thinks from the perspective of humanities and morality."The Art of War" does not advocate solving problems through war, so it is necessary to use strategy to solve problems. Even if strategy is promoted, it always emphasizes the role of morality. The last article of the thirteen chapters of "The Art of War" is the "Use Room". This "room" is a spy, and the use room is the use of spies. But Sun Tzu talks about the use of spies on the premise that "non-sages cannot use room, and non-benevolence and righteousness cannot use room". Now many of us have forgotten this premise. War needs to be solved by strategy, and there is also a problem that runs through moral and humanistic care.

　　About the author:

　　Wang Shouchang, a famous scholar, professor of the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of Peking University, former dean of the Chinese Culture Academy, and dean of the Beijing Sanzhi Culture Academy, mainly researching the history of Chinese philosophy, Buddhism, recent and modern intellectual history, etc., is an advocate and practitioner of "Sinology" education. He has served as the "Chinese Culture Editor" of "Oriental Culture Integration" and the co-editor of the famous academic magazine "Scholar" magazine, the executive director of the China Association for International Education Exchange, and the deputy secretary general of the International Confucian Federation.

　　Producer | Yang Xinhua

　　Coordinator | Liu Jia, Hu Jun, Kang Kunquan

　　Editors | Guo Hui, Qi Zitong

　　Production | Hu Qi

In the next decade, gasoline vehicles may be on the verge of marginalization. This change is driven by environmental initiatives and technological innovation, as well as by policy. At the same time, social adaptation and cultural transformation have also paved the way for electric vehicles. However, we need to prepare for this change, including government and business input and support, consumer understanding and choice, and follow-up issues after the retirement of gasoline vehicles. The environmental and economic benefits of electric vehicles are self-evident, but we also need to pay attention to the possible negative effects of their use and take a series of measures to ensure their sustainable development. This process of change requires the joint efforts of governments, businesses and consumers to build a more environmentally friendly, healthy and sustainable society. First, environmental initiatives and technological innovation "Protect the planet, starting every time you turn off your engine" is no longer an empty slogan. The reality of global warming and environmental degradation has prompted governments and environmental agencies to take unprecedented measures. The advantage of electric vehicles is not only their zero emissions, but also their ability to combine with renewable energy to move towards a greener future. And technological advancements have made batteries more durable and charging facilities more convenient.

Under this trend, are the days of traditional fuel vehicles counting down? Second, the market economy and policy-driven market economy always revolve around benefits, and fuel vehicles are gradually losing their dominant position in the future economic equation. The government’s subsidy policies for electric vehicles, restrictions and even bans on fuel vehicles are gradually changing consumers’ car purchase choices. This is not just the impact of policies, but also the shift in market demand. And companies, always keenly capturing such signals, have adjusted their strategies and turned from the mainstream. When it becomes mainstream, will follow-up services such as accessories and maintenance of fuel vehicles become less accessible due to lack of economic benefits? III. Social Adaptability and Cultural Transformation With the continuous advancement of technology and the deepening of environmental awareness, the status of fuel vehicles is being challenged as never before. Rapid social adaptation and cultural transformation are paving the way for electric vehicles, and fuel vehicles seem to be gradually being marginalized. Not only because environmental issues such as global warming have become the focus of attention, but also because the popularity of electric vehicles has begun to reshape our way of life.

In this era of change, electric vehicles have not only become synonymous with clean energy transportation, they have also gradually become a symbol of fashion and modernization. In the streets of major cities around the world, charging stations are replacing gas stations and becoming new landmark buildings. We need to prepare for this change. Governments and enterprises should increase investment and support for electric vehicles to make them more excellent and competitive in terms of technology, performance and price. Consumers should learn as much as possible about electric vehicles, including technology, performance, price, charging facilities, etc., in order to make more informed car purchase decisions. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the follow-up issues after the retirement of fuel vehicles, such as parking, scrapping, recycling, etc., so as to jointly build a more environmentally friendly and sustainable society. Although the environmental and economic benefits brought by electric vehicles are self-evident, we cannot ignore some negative effects that may be brought about during their use and charging process. For example, battery life and handling, construction and management of charging facilities, etc. Therefore, we need to take a series of measures, including strengthening technology research and development and promotion, standardizing and market behavior, to ensure the sustainable development of electric vehicles.

In short, fuel vehicles may be moving towards marginalization, and electric vehicles may be ushering in a new spring. However, this process of change will not be achieved overnight, and it will require the joint efforts of governments, enterprises and consumers to build a more environmentally friendly, healthy and sustainable society. On the road ahead, we need to move forward together to meet the challenges of change and create a better future together. Fuel vehicles are moving towards the edge, and cultural transformation is taking place. The era of fuel vehicles is gradually passing, replaced by new energy vehicles such as electric vehicles. This energy transition is not just a technological innovation, but also a profound cultural transformation. People’s consumption habits, values and other aspects are being affected and changed. Young people are gradually becoming the main consumers of electric vehicles, and the concept of green travel is affecting people’s consumption habits. However, there are still some challenges in this transition process, such as battery life and charging convenience issues, as well as the influence of retro sentiment. Everyone is a participant and witness in this cultural revolution, and we need to solve some problems to promote the process of energy transformation and cultural transformation. With the gradual withdrawal of fuel vehicles, we are ushering in a new era.

The concept of green travel affects consumption habits. In recent years, the concept of green travel has gradually affected people’s consumption habits. Young people have become the main consumer group of electric vehicles. They are attracted by the silent characteristics of electric vehicles, the trendy appearance and the combination of intelligent technology. They have gradually changed the way people expect and use cars. In addition, the education system has also begun to instill concepts in students, thus cultivating more environmentally friendly future decision makers. The popularity of the concept of green travel has prompted people to support and participate in the energy transition and cultural transformation. Battery life issues and retro complexes are still challenges. However, the exit of fuel vehicles has not been smooth sailing. Many fuel car enthusiasts have doubts about the battery life and charging convenience of electric vehicles. They are worried about the inability to charge in time during long-distance trips, and they are also worried about the inconvenience of charging facilities. In addition, the resurgence of retro sentiment has left some people still full of emotion towards those classic internal combustion engine cars. They like the roar of gasoline cars and the thrill of the throttle. These factors have led to uneven social acceptance of energy and cultural transformation, and reflect the complexity of cultural transformation.

Everyone is a participant and a witness. In this transformation process, everyone is a participant and a witness. Automakers, drivers, policy makers, consumers, and others are all experiencing this profound cultural revolution. Whether it is the development of electric vehicles with higher battery life or the construction of more convenient charging facilities, everyone is contributing to the energy transition and cultural transformation. In the next ten years, we will continue to adapt and participate in this change until one day, fuel vehicles slowly withdraw from the long river of history and become a memory of an era. Solving problems drives the transformation process. However, there are still some problems that need to be solved in this transformation process. How to solve the battery life problem and charging convenience of electric vehicles are important issues. It is also necessary to solve the confusion and dissatisfaction of fuel vehicle users, as well as increase and promote policy support. Only by solving these problems can we better promote the process of energy transformation and cultural transformation. The government, enterprises and individuals all need to work together to provide better conditions to promote greater progress in energy transformation and cultural transformation. A new era is coming. In short, fuel vehicles are moving to the edge, and energy transformation and cultural transformation are happening.

In the next ten years, we will witness a major turning point in the transformation of fuel vehicles from the mainstream to the periphery. This is not only a victory of technological innovation and environmental protection concepts, but also a microcosm of social and cultural transformation. The road of the future may no longer be paved, but full of current and data flow. When fuel vehicles become "difficult to use", we will truly enter a new era. Therefore, each of us needs to contribute to this future and create better conditions for energy transformation and cultural transformation. Have you adapted to this energy transformation and cultural transformation? What are your expectations and suggestions for future transportation? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comment section.